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- corelate somewhere to my paper" racism"

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Running head: CLASSISM AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE Assignment 3: Exploring Ethical Decision Making By Jessica Booth SOWK 301: Ideology and Ethics Instructor Assignment 3: Exploring Ethical Decision Making 1 CLASSISM AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 2 Classism can be defined as "the systematic oppression of one group by another based on economic distinctions based on one's position within the system..." (Greenleaf et al., 2016, p. 651). In other words, people face struggles and various forms of oppression because of their economic standing in a capitalist society. That said, classism mainly oppresses lower-class populations and those who live in poverty. Though there are several social issues that, as social workers, our future clients will face, classism and the constricting effects that capitalism has on those that make up the lower class in society is a dominant source of oppression that calls for necessary safety nets and advocacy on behalf of social workers. There is a hierarchy based on wealth in a capitalistic society, which is made up of “private ownership, hierarchal organization of businesses, and the division of labour” (Greenleaf et al., 2016, p. 651), which in turn “produce a class-based system of domination and subordination.” (Greenleaf et al., 2016, p. 651). The upper class, or those who have wealth and power, dominate over the lower-class, who are often marginalized populations that face financial and social issues. There are norms and standards among each class, with the middle-class or working-class peoples creating a common ground in between. Capitalism forces separation based on economic wealth, which is turn forces classism. This divides society based on their oppression and privilege. As social workers, it is important to recognize how these concepts affect our personal worldview and values, our clients and the decisions they make, and realize the important role of promoting equity in our practice. The Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice are collections of rules and values that allow social workers to check their own personal privilege and avoid bias towards client cases. In practice, classism can be presented by clients that face "child protective services, cultural insensitivity, and policies that prioritize funding and reimbursement structures over patient care." (Graves, CLASSISM AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 3 2016, p. 41). The capitalist system fails the lower-class population because funds are not properly dispersed and there is a void of social safety nets that can be utilized by these populations. Therefore, the practice of social work must abide by the Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice to promote the importance of advocacy, ethical decision making in terms of finding proper social resources and welfare services for clients and focus on the lens that the client lives through whether it is one of oppression or privilege. An important standard of practice to abide by when working with a client who lives in poverty or is struggling to financially support themselves or their family is maintaining the dignity of the client. This means that, as a social worker, it is wrong to stereotype our clients based on class (or any social norm), and it is our duty to advocate for our clients while promoting their rights and dignity. (ACSW, 2013, p. 27). A client’s lower-class standing does not mean their human dignity should ever be questioned. Value 2 of the Code of Ethics is the Pursuit of Social Justice and expands that it is the duty of a social worker to "promote social fairness and the equitable distribution of resources, and act to reduce barriers and expand choice for all persons." (CASW, 2005, p. 5). Capitalism was founded on the idea that if people live a meaningful life through attending school and achieving higher levels of education, work hard and find economic fulfilment in doing so, and raise children the same then they will be successful, especially monetarily. Though it is a nice idea and promotes a good work ethic, this way of life is not true nor attainable for a lot of people. It is essential that class division does not equate to how hard a group of people are or are not working to obtain success and financial stability because there are other social factors that hinder the success of people, particularly people who are raised in poverty or had a lowerclass upbringing. The importance of equity is at its highest when working with low-income CLASSISM AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 4 populations and their access to basic needs, which is also why the myth of the even-playing-field must be addressed today. Poverty perpetuates through generations and it is difficult to overcome it, especially when it is all a person know, and the myth of the even-playing-field refers to the social perspective that everyone has a fair and even chance to succeed. This is untrue, particularly in terms of classism and people who make up the lower-class population. It is difficult to rise above poverty, even if an individual was to follow all social norms and expectations like going to school and working hard for monetary gain. An example of the even-playing-field can be public schools, and the idea that every child has access to an education and therefore, the opportunity to graduate. However, as Richard Rothstein points out, children in low-income families are more likely to miss school due to illnesses, have cognitive and behavioural issues that hinder their success, and are likely to move between schools because of instability at home. (Rothstein, 2008, p. 8). When children have tumultuous home-lives and experience difficulties on a normative basis, the likelihood for their success is lowered. The even-playing-field is a social idea that many use as an excuse to have ill-feelings towards those who do not succeed and struggle financially, but a closer look into the myth provides reasoning behind why some populations struggle more than others and how poverty can be passed through generations. Class separates people not only on their economic standing but on the differing values and ways of living that are experienced among differing classes. For example, it is very difficult for the average person to relate to the struggles that The Kardashian clan face on a regular basis. One particular moment that stands out with the ever-popular ‘Keeping Up With The Kardashians’ television show (link below in the references section) is the iconic footage of Kim Kardashian realizing she lost a diamond earring in the ocean while on a luxurious vacation in CLASSISM AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 5 Bora Bora. This moment is clearly one of the worst moments of Kardashian’s life, however the materialism proves it challenging for most of the population to relate to someone of such high class and economic standing. Everything about the clip is unrelatable to most people: it is filmed on a private beach vacation in the clear blue waters of Bora Bora, and Kardashian admits to spending "seventy-five thousand dollars" on the pair of earrings, which is unfathomable to most people. Her sister responds to the outburst by reminding Kim that “there's people that are dying,” (E! Online, 2018) as an emphasis on the overreaction of materialism, but this line proves the lack of connection based on struggles between the classes. References CLASSISM AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 6 Alberta College of Social Workers. October 2013. Standards of Practice. Retrieved from Alberta College of Social Workers website: https://www.acsw.ab.ca E! Online. (2018). Keeping up with the Kardashians: Kim Kardashian gets hysterical over lost earring. E! News. Retrieved from https://www.eonline.com/shows/kardashians/videos/248069/kim-kardashian-getshysterical-over-lost-earring. Canadian Association of Social Workers. 2005. Code of Ethics. Retrieved from Canadian Association of Social Workers website: https://www.casw-acts.ca/ Graves, J. (2016). Ethical dilemmas in clinical social work practice: how are social workers affected and how do we respond? Theses, Dissertations, and Projects, p. 41. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.smith.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2790&context=theses. Greenleaf, A., Ratts, M., and Song, S. (2016), Rediscovering classism: the humanist vision for economic justice. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol. 56 (6), p. 646-664. Rothstein, R. (2008). Whose problem is poverty? Educational Leadership, 68(7), p. 8-13. Running head: EXPLORING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING Exploring Ethical Decision Making Ember Large Running head: EXPLORING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 6 “They came for the Jews, and I did not speak out because I was not a Jew...they came for the LGBTQ+ community, and I did not speak out because I was not a part of that community…then they came for me, and there was no-one left to speak for me” (Goldberg, 2018). The mere absence of discrimination is not in itself sufficient in the fight against the “isms.” This quote was taken from a video made by a fifteen-year-old girl in response to several mass-shootings taking place in the United States. As a society we must be ready to stand up and advocate for those whose voice’s may have been silenced, because every single person has a voice that is being silenced in some way. Some silenced voices may be obvious, such as those gunned down in the tragic shootings, while others may be more subtle, such as the invisibility of social anxiety or the struggles of an intersex individual. I think one of the only ways for us to be able to use our own voice in support of others is to be thoroughly educated and aware of the discriminatory and blatantly intolerant practices that occur, as well as to be in a constant state of learning because there will never be an end to the unknown in our social world. Within the social work profession, we must be hyperaware of the toxic behaviours and opinions that are present amongst those we work with, as well as the presence of those discriminated against which we will encounter on a daily basis. With the particular focus on heterosexism in this paper I will discuss how direct and indirect heterosexist attitudes and actions effect those of all sexual orientations, as well as how to be an effective ally. This information is relatively new to me and I will use both peer-reviewed sources as well as non-academic sources to broaden my exploration. Finally, I will relate my findings to the social work code of ethics, and discuss how the professional identity of a social worker has the responsibility to aid in the liberation of the oppressed and requires a deeply educated and anti-discriminatory response to these social problems. Running head: EXPLORING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 6 According to a study done by a social work student in Canada who is of homosexual orientation, heterosexism is much more prevalent than homophobia, though it is presented through less obvious behaviours (Chinell, 2011, p. 761). The definition of heterosexism can be filtered into three spheres and include: “the valuing and normalizing of heterosexuality; assumptions that everyone is or should be heterosexual; and as an oppression which intersects with other forms of oppressions” (Fish in Chinelle, 2011, p. 761). Heterosexism is often presented through the channel of microaggressions, both intentionally and unintentionally, and can be expressed inter-personally such as through conversations or environmentally through policies and institutional climates (Woodford et al. 2018). These microaggressions are related to chronic stress and can also be associated with negative mental health and an over one-hundred percent increase in reported attempted suicides (Woodford et al. 2018). The negative effects of heterosexism are commonly associated with sexual minorities, but the effects on heterosexual individuals is often overlooked. Heterosexism is not restricted to those of sexual minorities, as one study has found that simply being an indirect witness to victimization can result in internalized problems and negative outcomes. Witnessing victimization in the form of heterosexist practices may contribute to a pervasive sense of unease and lack of safety for individuals even when not being directly targeted (Norris et al. 2018, p. 155). In this case, it is the responsibility of the social worker involved to be a committed ally to the LGBTQ+ community in order to respect the unique worth of each individual and continuously work within an anti-oppressive practice (Canadian Association of Social Workers [CASW], 2005, p. 4). To be an ally requires a much deeper understanding of minority sexualities than I was previously aware, as before I thought that simply practicing a non-judgmental and nondiscriminatory lifestyle was enough to be considered an ally. After further discovery, I have Running head: EXPLORING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 6 realized just how uneducated this opinion was, and how much work I have to do. Taken from the article read in class, the definition of an ally is someone who “actively works to develop an understanding of the needs and experiences of LGBT groups and chooses to align with the social and political causes of LGBT groups” (Jones et al. 2014, p. 181). Up until this point, I would have considered myself an ally of the LGBTQ+ community, simply because I did not feel like I held any prejudice against them. Goldberg’s video which I referred to at the beginning of my paper was actually what flicked a light-switch in my head towards the understanding the I feel I currently hold. To be a true ally with any group, I need to be actively striving towards understanding the oppressions that the said group has faced as they differ from my own. I need to be actively speaking out against these oppressors, and not simply standing in a neutral zone free from oppression against these groups myself. Drawing from the ideas of Wendy Hulko; oppression can be described as “externally imposed situation[s]” (2009, p. 48) which have arisen around us from perceived social identities that others have placed upon us. Taking this a step further, if oppression is a product of external factors outside of the oppressed individual’s control, is the liberation to these oppressions not then also external? Liberation by definition means the act of freeing someone and can be applied in terms of freedom from limits on thoughts and behaviours. I personally think it is a human right that we “respect the unique worth and inherent dignity of all people” (CASW, 2005, p. 4) not just in social work practice, but in all areas of our lives. The diversity of individuals is endless and unfathomable, and to confine someone into a box based on a label that has been externally applied is both disrespectful as well as immediately limiting to all individuals involved. For myself, I strive daily to peel away these labels and to force myself to look at every individual I meet as a clean slate who will form their own unique persona through their own words and Running head: EXPLORING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 6 actions. As a social worker I think it is important to bring this perspective, combined with our own privilege that comes with the profession, to result in a double-edged sword that we bring in the fight against discrimination and oppression. I find it easier to eliminate any biases that I may have by starting at the basic, individual level of each person to see face-to-face the body of humanity. By bringing this approach to social work, I think I will be able to grasp any conflict that may occur with dignity, and to treat every individual as the human they were meant to be treated as. Every social worker unavoidably brings to the profession their own values and biases and it is important to be hyperaware and critically analyze these ideals in order to uphold the standards of best practice. In my own life, I personally do not understand those who are, for example, homosexual, because that is not an aspect of which I identify with in my own life. But I also don’t believe that because I don’t understand these identities that they are in any way wrong, or that those of homosexual orientation deserve to be treated any differently because of this orientation. Chinell discusses how after the critical reflection on their own world views and beliefs, social workers then have the opportunity to choose to confront or maintain discrimination (2011, p. 761). This comes full circle to the first sentence of my paper about how the lack of discrimination is insufficient in the fight towards the liberation of the oppressed which is in my opinion one of the main purposes of the social work profession as a whole. “[Respecting] the diversity among individuals” (CASW, 2005, p. 4) is written right into the social work code of ethics, and if I were to sum up the social work profession as a whole, the goal would look something like respecting, accepting, and advocating for those whose metaphorical and physical voices have been silenced. This could be portrayed through many facets, whether this is hands on work for people dying in third-world countries, to simply Running head: EXPLORING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 6 accepting someone who is feeling alienated from society and uncomfortable in their own skin. I think the social work response to heterosexism is intersectional with the response to any other ism, as it begins with pure acceptance, because at this time in our world, there is simply no place for judgement. Running head: EXPLORING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 6 References Canadian Association of Social Workers (2005). Social Work Code of Ethics. Ottawa: (CASW). Retrieved from httpd://www.caswacts.ca/sites/default/files/attchments/casw_code_of_ethics.pdf Chinell, J. (2011) Three voices: reflections on homophobia and heterosexism in social work education. Social work education, 30(7), 759-773. doi: 10.1080/02615479.2010.508088 Goldberg, O.S. (2018, Oct. 29) And then they came for me [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/tiffanyshlain/videos/2029846500371030/ Hulko, H. (2009).The time- and context-contingent nature of intersectionality and interlocking oppressions. Journal of women and social work, 24(1), 44-55. doi: 10.1177/0886109908326814http://aff.sagepub.com Jones, K. N., Jones, J. A., Brewster, M.E. (2014) The creation and validation of the LGBT ally identity measure. Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity, 1(2), 181-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000033 Norris, A. L., McGuire, J. K., Stolz, C. (2018) Direct and indirect experiences with heterosexism: How slurs impact all students. Applied Developmental Science, 22(2), 154167, doi: 10.1080/10888691.2016.1245101 Running head: EXPLORING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING Woodford, M. R., Weber, G., Nicolazzo, Z., Hunt, R., Kulick, A., Coleman, T., Coulumbe, S., Renn, K. A. (2018) Depression and attempted suicide among LGBTQ college students: fostering resilience to the effects of heterosexism and cisgenderism on campus. Journal of college student development, 59(4), 421-438. John Hopkins University Press. Retrieved from: https://muse-jhu-edu.ezproxy.macewan.ca/article/69939 6 Running head: RACISM 1 Racism RACISM 2 In contemporary society, racism has become an international issue of concern. Racism is the notion that one race is superior to the other. It is s practice that has been manifested and practiced to higher heights in the US due to the existence of African American and the white race. The idea that one race is superior to the other leads to segregation and prejudice which can be propagated in many ways. For example, in the sector of healthcare, some individuals have propagated discrimination, a factor that affected the segregated race adversely. This paper, therefore, will explore racism from the lens of liberation as well as the code of ethics and standards of practice. Due to the increased rate of racism across the world, liberation is practiced to solve the situation and ensure that individuals, groups, or communities can live a better life due to the awareness and strategies used to liberate them. Social workers are therefore guided by the code of ethics and standards of practice in the social work field in their roles to promote social change and social justice as a way of liberating society. As such, the two have some relationship. The code of ethics and standards of practice refers to the rules which are aimed at guiding everyday work of social work professionals to ensure that they undertake their roles in a way that adheres to the set guidelines (Bonnycastle, 2006 pg. 90). To this end, therefore, liberation and code of ethics and standards of practice aimed at enhancing the wellbeing of a client through several strategies carried out by social workers to bring social change in the society. Similarly, these codes promote a peaceful existence of the client in the society through its guidelines which social worker professionals are supposed to adhere to in their operation. For example, in addressing the challenge of racism in the society, liberation is practiced by social workers in which they can employ tactics as educating the community on the importance of peaceful co-existence, the importance of cultural diversity as well as the importance of shunning RACISM 3 racism. In doing this, the social workers are guided by the guidelines stated above to make sure that they serve the society in the best way possible. The social worker can respond to the issue of racism using the code of ethics guidelines. For, example, the NASW asserts that social workers should challenge social injustices in the society focusing mainly on such issues as poverty, discrimination, and unemployment (ArndCaddigan & Pozzuto, 2009 pg. 324). In doing so, their activities are supposed to promote the well-being of the society and act in ways that do not look down upon any client. The social work response to racism can be through social work education and promoting culturally competent social work involvements. For example, the use of advocacy, group building, and conflict resolution are tactics in which social workers can use to respond to the issues of racism (Brookfield, 2014 pg. 90). In carrying out social work education and advocacy among others, social work professionals are expected to maintain the best interest of the client, carry out their work with integrity, maintain competence in their work, maintain the confidentiality of the client and one is not supposed to take advantage of the client for his/her benefits. Also, in carrying out advocacy, social workers are expected to have cultural awareness and social diversity as outlined in the code of ethics and standards of practice. It enables a social worker to approach a client with knowledge of his/her culture hence being culturally sensitive. Through the strategies above, the social work field can address racism to make sure that individuals in a society co-exist peacefully. For example, a case like the one shown in the video where H&M used a black child to advertise its hoodies; written “I’m the coolest monkey in the jungle’, it was a total show of how racism has affected the society. However, what made the whole ad not to conform to the norms of society is its representation of internalized oppression. Internalized oppression is where a group or a member of a group accepts the negative perceptions against his/her group (bob RACISM 4 mullay, 2018, pg. 126). This ad shows how the discriminated blacks in the society have developed self-hate because of the effects of the segregation. As such, social workers can address topics such of internalized oppression by conducting cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and also by creating awareness on the importance of self-love to reduce the impacts of internalized oppression among the oppressed in the society. Conflict can exist where my values and social work values meet. For example, my race and culture can conflict with that of a client. As a result of this, a conflict occurs, and this can happen because differences in the race lead to differences in the ways of life, religion, and also cultural perspectives among other aspects. To this end, therefore, when working with a client, differences in race and culture can lead to a conflict that has to be addressed for there to be a smooth way to liberate the client from the form of racism one is facing. For example, when dealing with a client from a different race, it is a common practice for the client to have different cultural traditions (Arnd-Caddigan & Pozzuto, 2009 pg. 327). Because of my culture difference, which leads to personal biases. These biases can conflict with the client’s values hence the conflict. Because of these differences, the client will not be comfortable with the interaction because his/her culture does not do things the way I am doing or his/her religion is against some aspects which are involved in the whole process when interacting with him/her. What this means is that a conflict will arise. As a social worker who is bonded by the code of ethics and standards of practice, I will need to solve the conflict not according to my knowledge and ideas from my culture or race, but according to the guidelines outlined in the code of ethics. To address such a conflict, it is imperative to use a code of ethics. The code of ethics to use in this case will be integrity in professional practice and cultural competence. In this, I will make sure that as a licensed social worker, I uphold integrity in dealing with the client. This way, RACISM 5 it will be easy to solve the conflict because I will interact with the client as a professional, a practice that will allow me to put aside my race and culture for the benefit of making the whole process of liberating the client success as well as adhering to the set code of ethics. We had discussed in class one day that cultural competence is not possible because of the diversity of cultures in North America these days, According to my belief, I would refer the client to a worker who would better understand his/her culture. My other solution would be that researching the cultural background of the client before the meeting, a factor that will enable me to appreciate the culture of the client. I will solve the conflict with ease and liberate the client by offering education about the effects of racism. The strategies I will use to create awareness will be designed in a way that they appreciate cultures of others, hence successfully liberating the client. Religious values and belief system can be reconciled with the code of ethics and standards of practice by finding common ground by examining the effects of the spiritual values and belief system on the issue. For instance, there are religions which firmly believe that samesex marriage is wrong and any person who practices such is considered immoral. Such value and belief can be reconciled to the guidelines by outlining how the values and assumptions affect the gay community (Bonnycastle, 2006 pg. 78). This way, it becomes easy to reconcile the two. In racism, there can also be such differences in which a religion value or belief system views a particular race as inferior. In this case, the differences include the notion of perceiving one race or ethnicity as inferior and arguing that it deserves less in the society. However, some areas of agreement are that society needs development despite the race and also all people have basic needs which ought to be met. To make the best decision for the client, it is essential to consider both sides and examine the benefits and demerits of both sides. RACISM 6 References Arnd-Caddigan, M., & Pozzuto, R. (2009). The virtuous social worker: The role of “thirdness” in ethical decision making. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 90(3), 323-328. Bonnycastle, C. R. (2006). From social equality to compassion: A critique of the 2005 CASW Code of Ethics. Canadian Social Work Review/Revue canadienne de service social, 7793. Brookfield, S. (2014). Teaching our own racism: Incorporating personal narratives of whiteness into anti-racist practice. Adult Learning, 25(3), 89-95. Non-academic source https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqO9YCNKjPU Bob Mulley, Julliana West(2018).Challenging oppression and confronting privilege,126-127
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Running Head: CLASSISM

1

Classism
Name
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CLASSISM

2
Classism

Division of the society into different class systems is a reality that has been in existence
for a long time. We have the high class, middle class, and low class. People in the society
belong to either one of those. Some say the class system brings order to the society while others
say that it is a way for rich folks to oppress the less fortunate. As Jessica Booth writes in her
paper on classism, social workers need to realise that classism shapes people’s worldview,
values, and the decisions they make. Social workers should not reinforce these class systems but
concentrate on making all their clients be hit those in high class or low class, that they are all
equal. Social workers should treat all the clients with dignity because poverty doesn’t make a
person less human.
I disagree with Jessica when she says that poverty and success are co-related. Some
people have risen from nothing to something. There are rich folks who grew up in poverty but
rose to be one of the richest people in society. Success gets determined by the am...


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