p4 fall 2014 ma 117 yourlastname.xlsx 

Consider the following news headline, "Cigarette Smokers Make Lower College Grades than Nonsmokers" The news article goes on to say that researchers at a university collected information on rate of cigarette smoking (total number of cigarettes smoked in a one month period) and the college student's current GPA for completed college courses. They found that those with higher levels of cigarette use had lower GPAs, and vice versa. What can you rightfully conclude from this? Why? Be specific about what this kind of information may indicate and mean.250 words plus reference

Theory defines, assumes, proposes, explains, and predicts what the research outcome is likely to prove (right or wrong). It is an integrated body of propositions, assumptions, and definitions that are related in explaining and predicting relationships between two or more variables. Theory could be any of the following:deductiveinductivegroundedaxiomaticOn the other hand, hypotheses are statements or assertions derived from theory that can be tested by scientific inquiry and that are capable of being refuted, and their tests may result in support or nonsupport for the theory from which they were derived. Prepare a 5–7-page paper that address the following questions:What are the key differences between the 4 identified types of research theories above?Is any one type of theory more valid than the others? Why or why not?What are the differences and similarities (if any) between theory and hypothesis?What are variables, and why are they important components of theoretical schemes?