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Finding Topics for your
Research Paper
1) Body of paper (not including title page and references) should be at least
1400 words long.
aim for 1600-2000 words, not including references
the text should be double-spaced, font 12-14 (this is Palatino 12)
The pages should be numbered!
2) The subject matter has to be related to genetics and/or molecular biology
3) Go for depth rather than breadth. For example, if you want to write about
mitochondrial diseases, instead of listing all the diseases and giving one
paragraph of information about each, select one of them and go into
detail
Give as much genetics-related information as possible about the
disease, such as
cause: what genes are implicated (concentrate on one if there is
enough info),
location and structure of these genes (chromosomal locations,
introns, exons)
is the disease caused by a mutation?
identify the mutation/ most important mutations
• is it a deletion, duplication, point mutation, etc
is it an error in a structural gene, or a regulatory sequence?
does it involve a protein?
• Is it a splicing error?
What is the normal function of this protein?
Where is the normal cellular location of this protein?
How does the mutation change the protein? avo
Are there any gene therapies? (do NOT describe in
detail clinical interventions, such as physical therapy)
Is it an epigenetic condition?
o Describe the epigenetic change, location, etc.
.
5) Showcase ONE gene and its protein. Make sure that within your paper, you
give detailed information about the structure and function of at least one gene
and the protein it codes for. If your topic happens to be about a non-coding
DNA or RNA sequence (enhancers, XIST, IncRNAs, etc), there are still always
proteins that interact with those sequences, focus on one of them. Work this
information into your story.
4) Go beyond the book. In other words, take the level of detail and complexity
that you provide beyond that of our genetics textbook.
5) Use at least two research articles as a focus for discussion and analysis, but
also provide background information from other sources. Your genetics
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articles you are analyzing will provide more
background sources. Do not use
textbook can be one source of background information. The reference list of the
popular magazines such as Discover, Scientific American or Time as your
primary article sources (go beyond this level). They are acceptable, however, as
a background or secondary source. Your paper should be a review of a narrow
topic.
6) Do not copy whole phrases or sentences from your sources. Do not rephrase
sentence by sentence. Read a passage or a page, and take notes
. Write down the
ideas, presenting them in a different order. Do not follow the flow of ideas from
your source(s). Express the information in your own words, combining
information from different sources, and attributing each source. Take notes on
the main points of each reference, and then organize those notes logically. Then
flesh out your notes, and write your review, incorporating information from
various sources, with your own analysis and commentary, giving appropriate
attribution. Do not follow the structure or flow of ideas from any one source.
Make sure everything you write is expressed in your own words.
7) List all sources, including background sources in a reference section.
8) Here are two web sites for suitable, free research and review articles:
PubMed Central, and the Public Library of Science (PLOS). To get to PubMed
Central:
Go to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) homepage:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
From the main page, select PubMed Central from the right side. As of
November 2018 there were 5.1 million free articles in PubMed Central. Take the
tutorial, browse around and you will probably find lots of articles on your
selected topic. If not, select from among the topics represented. There should be
at least a few articles you can use among 5.1 million. Look for a review about
your topic. In NCBI you will also find information about gene structure, protein
structure, etc.
Another source of high-quality articles is the Public Library of Science series of
journals. You can find them at www.plos.org. The topics you are looking for are
molecular genetics topics. You don't want epidemiological, clinical, or public
health studies. If you are in doubt about the suitability of an article, please show
it to me.
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articles you are analyzing will provide more
background sources. Do not use
textbook can be one source of background information. The reference list of the
popular magazines such as Discover, Scientific American or Time as your
primary article sources (go beyond this level). They are acceptable, however, as
a background or secondary source. Your paper should be a review of a narrow
topic.
6) Do not copy whole phrases or sentences from your sources. Do not rephrase
sentence by sentence. Read a passage or a page, and take notes
. Write down the
ideas, presenting them in a different order. Do not follow the flow of ideas from
your source(s). Express the information in your own words, combining
information from different sources, and attributing each source. Take notes on
the main points of each reference, and then organize those notes logically. Then
flesh out your notes, and write your review, incorporating information from
various sources, with your own analysis and commentary, giving appropriate
attribution. Do not follow the structure or flow of ideas from any one source.
Make sure everything you write is expressed in your own words.
7) List all sources, including background sources in a reference section.
8) Here are two web sites for suitable, free research and review articles:
PubMed Central, and the Public Library of Science (PLOS). To get to PubMed
Central:
Go to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) homepage:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
From the main page, select PubMed Central from the right side. As of
November 2018 there were 5.1 million free articles in PubMed Central. Take the
tutorial, browse around and you will probably find lots of articles on your
selected topic. If not, select from among the topics represented. There should be
at least a few articles you can use among 5.1 million. Look for a review about
your topic. In NCBI you will also find information about gene structure, protein
structure, etc.
Another source of high-quality articles is the Public Library of Science series of
journals. You can find them at www.plos.org. The topics you are looking for are
molecular genetics topics. You don't want epidemiological, clinical, or public
health studies. If you are in doubt about the suitability of an article, please show
it to me.
10:22 AM Wed Nov 28
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Topic Suggestions for Bio 240 Research Paper
In general, concentrate on genetic aspects, not clinical. Gene expression:
transcription, translation, transcription factors, promoters, mutations, gene-
protein interactions, protein structure. You should go into more detail than that
offered in the textbook. If you choose a parasitic organism, find information
about the genes and proteins needed to establish infection, and/or about the
genetics of the organism itself.
You don't have to limit yourself to the topics of this list. It just has some
suggestions, in case you are having trouble selecting a topic. Each hyperlink
leads to a sample article related to that topic.
5 alpha reductase deficiency
Achondroplasia
androgen insensitivity
Alzheimer's
Apicomplexan parasites (Plasmodium), genetics of the apicoplast
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus thuringiensis (used for genetic modification of crops)
Bacterial rhodopsins (genes, functions, proteins)
Black Plague
Centromeres (structure, function, comparisons)
Chromosomal Fusion and Speciation (ex. Human chromosome #2)
Chromatin Organization, Enhancers, Insulators
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (and related cancers, genetic aspects)
Color vision and color blindness, retinitis pigmentosa (opsins, rhodopsins)
Comparison of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Control of latency in herpesviruses (circular genomes in nervous tissue, what
genes are expressed prior to an outbreak)
Control of nuclear membrane disintegration during mitosis
OOD
Control of sex change in schooling fish (what genes get activated)
CRISPR
CTCF protein (insulator-binding protein, controls chromatin condensation, many
functions)
Cystic fibrosis
Cytoplasmic inheritance
Diphtheria (effects on protein synthesis, ribosome inactivation, phage infection)
Ebola virus (one or two of the genes / proteins)
Effects of antibiotics on bacterial protein synthesis
Endosymbiosis, chloroplast, plastid or mitochondrial evolution (lots of
interesting topics )
Enhancers (or a specific enhancer, and its interactions with proteins, eRNAs)
Fragile X Syndrome
Fungal sRNA (RNA interference used to suppress plant immunity)
Genomic imprinting
Her oncogene and relation to esophageal adenocarcinoma
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Bio 240 Grading Rubric for Research Paper
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Background
10%
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Title
5%
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Poor
Fair
Good
Excellent
Gives basically no
Gives all necessary Gives pertinent information, Gives some
background
background
but leaves out some needed
information with no
information, or
information, but it is
info, or gives some
excess and no missing
information that is no
unneeded information
information 9-10 pts.
incomplete, or not
relevant to genetics
7-8 pts
totally relevant
5-6 points
2-4 points
Paper has no title,
Paper has relevant title.
Paper has
Paper has relevant title
uninformative title like File name is cryptic.
File name is (abbreviated) (your topic), but File name
paper title plus your is uninformative. Examples: "Research paper",
initials 5 pts
"genetics”, or “research "Genetics”, etc.
O points
paper"
0-3
3 pts
File name
uninformative as well
1-2 points
The molecular genetics The topic is explained, but a Information is
Information presente
topic is neatly explained few minor questions are not presented in an
is not relevant to
and well-defined. All ends answered. The information unorganized manner, genetics, or too
are tied, paper is well- is divided into sections, but and is a bit disjointed. general. The topic is
organized, divided into the organization is not Some repetition of
sections. Information is
mostly clinical or
optimal.
information, sections
presented logically from 25-36 points
statistical, with not
one section to the next
are not clearly defined. much molecular
without unnecessary
Paper is too simplistic, genetics. Paper over
repetition.
not enough molecular simplistic.
Paper is sufficiently
genetics.
Information is
complex for an
16-24 points
presented in one long
paragraph, going bac
Body
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