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Exam #4-- From "The Bottom Billion."
1. “Traps and the Countries Caught in Them” identifies four “traps” in addition to the
“development trap” and “the health trap.” What does the author identify these traps to
be? Define what each “trap” would be.
The main traps identified by the author include conflict trap, natural resources trap, landlocked
by bad neighbours, and bad governance in the small country. First, landlocked by bad neighbors,
explain the fact that nations without access to the sea remain poor (Collier 10). Since the nations
must depend on their neighbours for growth; nations like Uganda remain poor, while countries
with open access to the sea like Switzerland are rich.
Second, the author claims that bad governance can destroy the economy of a nation. The poorest
countries are enclosed in the concept where the leaders benefit. The author reports these leaders
are among the richest in the world and attempts to redeem the people are overwhelmed. The
power for the political reforms is negligible in the poor countries.
Paul Collier discusses the third trap as the conflict trap. The trap involves involvement in the
civil war. The author explains that due to engagement in civil wars, the nations end up in
absolute poverty due to income reduction. Typically, Collier denotes that low income triggers
risk of civil war. Weak economy subjects the bottom billion into compliance with the demands
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of resource exporters who exploit the remaining resources of the nation. Civil war is defined as
development in the opposite direction.
The natural resource trap is the last trap discussed in the book. Collier claims that the discovery
of natural r...