Proposal Argument Essay

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16.2 Apply the "three-strategy" app consequence, or from analogy/precedent) for justi claim. par- The distinctions between proposals and other kinds of arguments invite proposals by using the three-strategy approach, which focuses sequentially ticular kinds of support for proposals. Writers often develop support for their principles, consequences, and precedents or analogies, as explained in Strategies on Chart 16.2. Each of these argumentation strategies was clearly evident in a public debate in Seattle, Washington, over a proposal to raise county sales taxes to build a new baseball stadium. Those favoring the stadium put forth arguments such as these: We should build the new stadium because preserving our national pastime for our children is important (argument from principle), because Pioneer Square district (argument from consequence), and because building the stadium will have the same beneficial effects on the city that building Camden Yards had in Baltimore (argument from precedent). building the stadium will create new jobs and revitalize the adjacent Strategies Chart 16.2 Strategies for Developing a Justification Section Templates and Comments Examples What to Do Strategies We should (should not) do (this action) because (this action) is "We should create publicly financed jobs for poor people because doing so is both charitable and just.' Argument from principle Fill in the blank with a belief or value that the audience holds: good, honest, fair, and so on. Argue that an action should (should not) be taken because it is right (wrong) according to some value, assumption, principle, or belief you share with your audience. Argue that an action should (should not) be taken because doing so will lead to consequences that you and your audience think are good (bad). Argument from consequence We should (should not) do (this action) because this action) will lead to these good (bad) conse- quences: and "We should create publicly financed jobs for poor people because doing so will provide them with money for food and housing, promote a work ethic, and pro- duce needed goods and services. Use consequences that your audience will agree are good or bad, as needed. Argument from precedent or analogy Argue that an action should (should not) be taken because doing so is similar to what was done in another case, which turned out well (badly). We should (should not) do (this action) because doing (this action) is like which turned out to be good (bad) Use precedents or analogies that are similar to your proposed action and that have good (bad) associa- tions for your audience. Precedent: "We should create publicly financed jobs for poor people because doing so will alleviate poverty just as a similar program has helped the poor in Upper Magnesia." Analogy: because doing so is like teaching the poor how to fish rather than giving them fish." k. better than alternative proposals? a. Describe the problem and its significance. As a group, draft an outline for a proposal argument in which you: b. Propose your solution to the problem. c. Justify your proposal by showing how the benefits outweigh the costs. 3. Write the group's outline on the board and be prepared to present the group's argument orally to the class. Special Challenges of Proposal Arguments ties people encounter when writing proposal arguments and offer strategies for o get your readers to take actions the ultimate purpose of a preparatifficul must overcome some challenges. Strategies Chart 16.1 lists the special difficul- overcoming them Strategies Chart 16.1 Strategies for Overcoming the Special Challenges of Proposal Arguments Challenge Explanation What to Do Giving the problem presence To convince readers that a problem exists, you must make them see and feel the problem--that is, give the problem presence. • Use anecdotes or examples of people suffering from the problem. • Provide startling facts or statistics to dramatize the problem. • Include a photograph or other image that conveys the problem. Use other appeals to pathos. • Show decision makers how acting on your proposal will benefit them directly. • Use audience-based reasons. • If appropriate, appeal to idealism and principle (do the right thing, even if it will cause temporary grief). • Show how benefits to the sufferers outweigh costs to others. Appealing to the interests and values of decision makers A proposal that benefits one group often creates costs for others. Decision makers may not share the sufferers' perspective on a problem. Solving your problem may simply cause more problems for the deci- sion maker Overcoming inherent conservatism People are inherently resistant to change, often willing to live with a flawed but bearable situation rather than risk change that could make the situation worse. "Better the devil you know than the one you don't know. Often readers distrust the proposal writ- er's rosy scenario. They doubt that the predicted benefits will occur, or they fear negative consequences. Predicting consequences • Emphasize the seriousness of the problem (give it presence) • Stress the benefits of solving the problem. Emphasize the lost potential in not acting. Show that the risks are minimal. • Show that negative consequences are unlikely. • Take care not to overpromise benefits. Persuade readers that your predictions are realistic- show how the links in the chain lead directly from the solution to the benefits. . Cite cases where a similar proposal led to real benefits. . In some cases, you can use money as measurement- the savings from this proposal will be more than the initial costs. . In other cases, emphasize that the benefits of increased happiness, less suffering, or saved time outweigh the initial dollar costs. . Emphasize the greatest good for the greatest number (more people will have benefits; fewer will bear costs). Emphasize idealism and principle (this is the right thing to do despite the cost). Evaluating consequences Any solution that benefits one group may impose costs on another group. It is dif- ficult to establish a common principle of measurement for weighing costs against benefits.
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Surname 1
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course
Date
Proposal Argument Essay
Introduction
Most of the people think that recycling is not useful. Even the few who support it see it as
inconvenient. Facilities that are available are not recognized to handle some of the materials
which may include packaging and batteries. Some of the residential areas need to learn sorting
processes which are elaborate or in either way transport the recycling products to a convenient
site. All of these tends to be added work in the world that we live. However, recycling is turning
out to be of great significance. Recycling is reclaiming of waste products such as paper, glasses
and other wastes which cannot be recycled. Recycling is essential since more amount of energy
and resources is required to produce goods made from trash. Also, landfills have highly
increased in a way that they can no more be accommodated in some places.
Moreover, they happen to produce poisonous gases into the environment. As a result of
wastefulness repercussions, recycling is of great importance. Therefore, it should be readily
available for everyone and streamlined in a way that it brings maximum benefits. In my work, I
will use the Oregon State University as my example in the proposal.

Surname 2
In Oregon State University, the faculty, administrators, and students reuse the recycling bins to
throw water bottles, as well as many papers, got from the printers. The school’s administration
does not implement services related to recycling in the campus leading to debates on where and
what can be rec...


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