Mrs.Choi ENGL 401A.02 Essay #3: Researched Persuasive Essay For your third essay, you will choose a topic that interests you and narrow it by brainstorming researchable questions about that topic. After thoroughly researching, you will write a persuasive argument in which you work to persuade a particular audience to do or believe something about your topic. Be sure to choose a topic you are genuinely curious about, because you will be researching and writing about it extensively for the remainder of the semester. This essay assignment will bring together many of the writing skills that we have been working on this semester, such as writing with voice, evaluating others’ argument, evaluating sources, informing our writing with research, developing a clear thesis, paying attention to audience, and expressing a logical progression of thoughts. Your final essay should be a conclusion of what you have learned this semester. This essay also represents an opportunity for you to dive into a subject that interests you. Ultimately, English 401A seeks to prepare you to effectively enter conversations that are meaningful to your discipline, your community, and your life, and this essay allows you to do just that. Characteristics of a Successful Project ✓ Your paper is 5-7 pages in length (not counting the Works Cited page) ✓ Your paper includes a minimum of 5 sources (see next page for source requirements) ✓ Your thesis is clear and persuasive; it is clear what you are arguing for and why. ✓ It is clear that you are writing to a specific, thoughtfully-chosen audience ✓ Your chosen organization is appropriate to your argument and audience. ✓ You use rhetorical appeals (pathos, logos, and ethos) effectively to reach your target audience. ✓ You identify and address possible counterarguments to your thesis, making it clear that you have thought through all sides of the issue. ✓ Your use of language contributes to your ethos (credibility) by refraining from grammatical errors Audience Instead of writing to “the general public” or a professor, you will choose an audience to direct your argument toward and work to persuade them of that argument. UNH college students? Parents? Dog walkers? Senators? The choice is up to you, and will depend on your specific conversation and argument. Who are you trying to convince, and what do you want them to do (i.e. think more critically about the issue, change their perspective, take a particular action, etc.)? Who has something at stake in this issue? What do they stand to gain or lose? To determine your audience, you might look closely at the web sites of stakeholders in the conversation you are writing about, including: • A public interest group you find online that is involved in the debate • A political figure invested in this debate • An author who has written on the debate • An official who is a decision maker in this debate • Another group/person who could be considered a stakeholder 1 Mrs.Choi ENGL 401A.02 REQUIREMENTS Paper Format: The essay should be 5-7 pages in length (not including Works Cited page), doublespaced, with one-inch margins, in font size 12, using Times New Roman. Use MLA format. Title: You will need a title for your essay that peaks your reader’s interest and leads your reader into your topic. A separate title page is not necessary. Source Requirements: You will need a minimum of five (5) sources. All sources need to be evaluated for reliability and academic soundness. Of these sources: • Only one source can be published solely on the Internet (blogs, Tedtalk,..) • At least two of the sources must be from academic books/journals/academic databases. • One source must be an academic book from the library catalog (edited collection, solo authored, or e-book). • Optional: field research-based (such as an interview or short survey). Please note: If you choose to use more than five sources, you may exceed any of the above source requirements. Citation Requirements: Make sure that all summaries, paraphrases, and quotes drawn from these sources are integrated into the text of your essay. Use MLA format to cite all your sources, both in your essay and on the Works Cited page. Note: Not all disciplines use the MLA format of documentation. When you write a research paper for other classes, be sure to check with your syllabus or your professor regarding the proper citation format for other papers. The Writing Center: If you haven’t already visited the Connors Writing Center (and even if you have), the researched essay is a good opportunity to explore the Writing Center. You should strive to set up appointment at the Connors Writing Center to work on this research essay. The Writing Center is located in Valley Library and is a fantastic resource; you can receive feedback on your writing from experienced peers who, in many cases, have taken ENGL 401 themselves, and who have often worked with many other students on the same assignments. Be aware that the Writing Center often gets very busy this time of the semester. Do not wait until the last moment to make this appointment! STEP 1: RESEARCH PROPOSAL (AND YOUR RESEARCH QUESTION) The proposal should be 1-2 pages (single-spaced) in length and it should explain why you are interested in this subject. For information on writing proposals, see Ballenger’s exercise 5 in Chapter 1 to help you write your initial draft. 2 Mrs.Choi ENGL 401A.02 Your purpose in the final draft is to persuade me (and other members of the class) that this is a strong research topic, guided by good, researchable questions. The Proposal should use subheadings and include the following: • A persuasive discussion of why you’re interested in this research question, including any personal connections • Your research questions • Your plan for completing the field-based research component • A list of key search terms that you’ve already discovered (and alternative search terms), as well as a list of 2 possible library databases that will be useful • Your overall game plan/time line for completing the essay, including how you will structure your time. (This is for you, as much as for us. As you plan, take into account given you current schedule and other commitments. Plan ahead.), • A list of 3-4 possible library-based and/or other academic sources, properly cited in MLA format. Your proposal must be approved by your instructor. STEP 2: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Your annotated bibliography will help you prepare to write Essay #2. You will research and write about AT LEAST 5 sources in addition to those found in the Practical Argument book. Compiling this annotated bibliography will help you select an audience, know which methods are effective for you to employ, and find backing for your position. It will also help you to practice summarizing and evaluating sources. WHERE TO LOOK: In order to understand context, back up your position, or counter your opposition/the audience’s views, go to: • The Opposing Viewpoints database • Radio news broadcasts and news shows, like those found on programs like Talk of the Nation, Science Fridays, NH’s Laura Knoy Show, etc. on National Public Radio (NPR.org; nhpr.org). • Web sites representing different perspectives: http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/leftright.htm. To support your research and argument, consider sources and evidence that include the following: • Statistical sources—not just those directly related to those in your debate, but those that merge with it. For example, if you’re arguing for drilling, you might consider current gas prices at the pump. • Studies—particularly those from peer-reviewed journals/reliable books. • Quotes from authorities your audience would trust—political (especially if on their side of the debate), historical, governmental, etc. Look at King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” for examples. • Stories/anecdotes from interviews you conduct or from reputable articles, books, documentaries, radio or television news broadcasts, etc. • Analogies/counter-examples—Consider other controversies that could be compared to/serve as analogies for yours, just as the sample essay compares the Cape Wind debate 3 Mrs.Choi ENGL 401A.02 to the fight over the Northern Pass Project. If you’re suggesting your audience change strategies, which group’s approach—whether part of their debate/not—might you recommend? QUALITY OF SOURCES: Wikipedia—or any other general encyclopedia—can NOT be considered one of the sources in your bibliography. You can look at it initially for background and to see if any of their citations can help you. For each source in your annotated bibliography, consider these factors, among others, to assess its quality: • Publication/sponsor credibility/level of bias (credentials) • Author credibility/level of bias • Credibility of style of site/article/writing (logic, fallacies, harshness of style, etc.) • Timeliness • Information verifiable? Keep in mind that “being in the database” or “in the library” is not enough of a reason to consider a source credible. Ensure that you are basing your decision to use the source on more than one standard. Of the five+ sources in your annotated bibliography, at least one source must either be print-based (i.e., a book) or a documentary/radio show. You might consider a possible interview as well, particularly if you choose a local/university debate. (Of course, you may have additional or different sources by the time you finish your papers.) FORMAT OF THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY: For a complete list of MLA citations, see PA Chapter 10, “Documenting Sources: MLA.” In each annotation, you should: (1) Cite the text of your choice in MLA format. (2) Summarize the text. (3) Evaluate the credibility of the text. (4) Explain how you will use the source in your paper. For an example and description of an annotated bibliography, see pp. 21-26 in Transitions: Healy, “Annotated Bibliography: Mandatory Avalanche Education.” There are also examples on the Purdue Owl at: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/03/ Final helpful point: Consider how the sources you choose will be effective (or won’t be effective) for the audience that you are trying to reach in your final researched paper. 4 Yuguan Lu ENGL 401A.02V Professor Hatziri Choi November 14, 2018 Autonomous cars Autonomous cars are no longer just in the science fiction. They are real and will be on roads sooner than you think. This autonomous vehicle uses artificial intelligence software. They contain camera, sensors and connect with the Internet, and think by themselves. I believe they can change the society as profoundly as the Internet has. Because autonomous vehicles are safe, smarter and more efficient than normal car, development of the auto-driving technology should be continued. The first important point with autonomous vehicles is safety. You might have heard recent news about vehicles using driverless systems causing death which makes people feel scared on autonomous vehicles. Even though, auto-driving technology just at the beginning, it is still reliable because human also make mistakes. According to “Association for Safe International Road Travel” (2018) shows that over 37000 people die in road crashes each year and an additional 2.35 million are injured or disabled in the US. Auto-driving should be continuing, because computers don't get bored or distracted, or take their eyes off the road because they want to change the radio station or make a phone call (citations). We just need to give engineer a little patience too. Have you ever thought about what technology is? Technology is a tool to improve our life, such as auto-driving reducing car accidents and human error. For now, Google’s current autonomous vehicle is limited to just 25mph. However, people worry that criminals could use self-driving cars as "lethal weapons". In fact, there is no need to worry so much. Is the plane not safe in the sky? Most airliners fly autonomous in the sky, and the future cars will be like them. According to “Auto Correct” by Bukhard B (2013) in the New York, he said “human beings make terrible drivers. They talk on the phone and run red lights, signal to the left and turn to the right” (citations). And he also mentions that human have blind spots, leg cramps, seizures, and heart attacks that increase the error of human do. The second point is autonomous vehicles are smart. They are equipped with artificial intelligence and they have the ability to drive the vehicles and calculate traffic conditions. If you have a smart car, you don't need to worry about who will pick you up at the airport or go to the airport and don't know where to park your car. However, when we have autonomous vehicles, you can instruct your car to pick you up at the airport or drive home from the airport by themselves. And you can even instruct your car to buy a McDonald’s for you in the night. You can do multiple jobs in the car, such as reading book, sleeping and watch movie. And, autonomous vehicles will choose the best way to get to where you want, and all the vehicles will be able to sense each other. Some people might say that driverless car makes people lazy and stupid, like sitting in an electric wheelchair. However, the truth is that’s make your life more substantial, you have more time to do other thing. The auto-driving technology should be continued because computers are much faster than humans. The first time to know the traffic information on the road and calculate a best decision to go. Smart “wheelchairs” can save more time for you to do other important things. Yuguan Lu ENGL 401A.02V Professor Hatziri Choi November 14, 2018 Autonomous cars Autonomous cars are no longer just in the science fiction. They are real and will be on roads sooner than you think. This autonomous vehicle uses artificial intelligence software. They contain camera, sensors and connect with the Internet, and think by themselves. I believe they can change the society as profoundly as the Internet has. Because autonomous vehicles are safe, smarter and more efficient than normal car, development of the auto-driving technology should be continued. The first important point with autonomous vehicles is safety. You might have heard recent news about vehicles using driverless systems causing death which makes people feel scared on autonomous vehicles. Even though, auto-driving technology just at the beginning, it is still reliable because human also make mistakes. According to “Association for Safe International Road Travel” (2018) shows that over 37000 people die in road crashes each year and an additional 2.35 million are injured or disabled in the US. Auto-driving should be continuing, because computers don't get bored or distracted, or take their eyes off the road because they want to change the radio station or make a phone call. We just need to give engineer a little patience to. Have you ever thought about what technology is? Technology is a tool to improve our life, such as auto- driving reducing car accidents and human error. For now, Google’s current autonomous vehicle is limited to just 25mph. However, people worry that criminals could use self-driving cars as "lethal weapons". In fact, there is no need to worry so much. Is the plane not safe in the sky? Most airliners fly autonomous in the sky, and the future cars will be like them. According to “Auto Correct” by Bukhard B (2013) in the New York, he said “human beings make terrible drivers. They talk on the phone and run red lights, signal to the left and turn to the right.” And he also mentions that human have blind spots, leg cramps, seizures, and heart attacks that increase the error of human do. The second point is autonomous vehicles are smart. They are equipped with artificial intelligence and they have the ability to drive the vehicles and calculate traffic conditions. If you have a smart car, you don't need to worry about who will pick you up at the airport or go to the airport and don't know where to park your car. However, when we have autonomous vehicles, you can instruct your car to pick you up at the airport or drive home from the airport by themselves. And you can even instruct your car to buy a McDonald’s for you in the night. You can do multiple jobs in the car, such as reading book, sleeping and watch movie. And, autonomous vehicles will choose the best way to get to where you want, and all the vehicles will be able to sense each other. Some people might say that driverless car makes people lazy and stupid, like sitting in an electric wheelchair. However, the truth is that’s make your life more substantial, you have more time to do other thing. The auto-driving technology should be continued because computers are much faster than humans. The first time to know the traffic information on the road and calculate a best decision to go. Smart “wheelchairs” can save more time for you to do other important things. finally, the smart technologies can operate cars a whole lot better and more efficiently than people. Imagine a car that can communicate with the cloud to identify the location of accidents or road congestion ahead, and then automatically re-route, for instance. Or put yourself in a vehicle that can "talk" to traffic lights wirelessly and regulate your speed to hit a green light every time. This reduces a lot of braking and starting, which can reduce a lot of fuel use. According to “Are Self-Driving Vehicles Good for The Environment” by Ucilia Wang (2015) that fully autonomous car that talks to other cars and traffic signals, then it can drive more smoothly, much better than a human can, and there will be fuel economy benefits coming out of that. And she predicts that will make up 75 percent of vehicles on the road by 2040. Automounts vehicles will push our society more efficiently. In conclusion, auto vehicles just auto-driving technology should be continued because they are more safety, smart and efficient than normal car. Even though, the FBI believes that autonomous cars could be approved by Congress for use by the American public within the next five to seven years. The autonomous cars would likely face many hardships with evasive driving or car chases. We are fortunate to see and enjoy this technology in the future, just be a little more patient. I believe that when the technology is mature, the autonomous cars can even replace normal vehicles. Citation Burkhard. B (2013) “Auto Correct” published on the New Yorker https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-3149735951/auto-correct. Road Crash Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://asirt.org/Initiatives/Informing-RoadUsers/Road-Safety-Facts/Road-Crash-Statistics Wang.U (2015) Are self-driving vehicles good for the environment? Retrieved from https://ensia.com/features/are-self-driving-vehicles-good-for-the-environment/
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