1.Which of the following adaptations to life on land is found in both insects and modern reptiles? A) metamorphosis from a larval form B) ability to fly C) two pairs of walking legs D) tracheae to distribute oxygen E) body surfaces that resist evaporation2.Fungi exhibit certain characteristics. One of these characteristics is that they A) are prokaryotes. B) reproduce using seeds and pollen. C) reproduce using spores. D) are capable of carrying on photosynthesis. E) lack cell nuclei.3.The segmented worms of the phylum Annelida A) are acoelomate. B) move by use of flagella. C) have an open circulatory system. D) display radial symmetry. E) possess setae on each segment.4.Mammals have two traits that set them apart from all other animals. These are A) four-chambered heart and milk production. B) body hair or fur, and being homeothermic. C) four-chambered heart and body hair or fur. D) body hair or fur, and milk production. E) amniotic eggs and milk production.5.Which of the following characteristics is not shared by typical birds and mammals? A) four-chambered heart B) four limbs C) insulating skin structures D) endothermy E) milk production6.Cnidarians and ctenophores are similar in that they both have A) a digestive tract with two openings. B) nematocysts. C) mesoderm. D) a pseudocoel. E) radial symmetry.7.Which of the following is not a characteristic differentiating Neanderthals from modern humans? A) Neanderthals had projecting brow ridges. B) Neanderthals were stronger. C) Neanderthals had larger noses. D) Neanderthals had smaller brains. E) Neanderthals were shorter.8.In plants, the secondary metabolites are primarily responsible for A) food gathering. B) overcoming air pollutants. C) nutrition. D) defense. E) protection against ultraviolet radiation.9.It is generally thought that four critical innovations arose during the evolution of our ape-like ancestors into humans. All of the following are innovations except A) expansion of the human brain. B) development of the opposable thumb. C) toolmaking. D) bipedalism. E) use of brain power for abstract thought.10.It is generally thought that animals have undergone four major physiological and anatomical innovations during their evolution. These are (in no particular order) A) origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of the versatile forelimb, origin of the multichambered heart, multicellularity. B) development of tissues, photosynthesis, bilateral symmetry, multicellularity. C) bilateral symmetry, development of tissues, origin of the multichambered heart, origin of patterns of embryonic development. D) multicellularity, bilateral symmetry, origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of tissues. E) development of the versatile forelimb, multicellularity, origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of tissues.11.Which of the following are adaptations to land of both gymnosperms and angiosperms but are lacking in ferns and mosses? A) spores B) pollen and seeds C) vascular system D) fruits and flowers  E) true roots, stems, and leaves12.Green algae such as Ulva demonstrate an alteration of generations. The diploid phase is called the A) sporophyte generation. B) gametophyte generation. C) diploid generation. D) zygote. E) embryo.13.All of the following are parts of a flower except the A) cuticle. B) ovary. C) stamen. D) carpel. E) fruit.14.In cnidarians, nematocysts are important in A) food digestion. B) movement. C) obtaining prey. D) excretion of wastes. E) obtaining oxygen from the water.15.This characteristic allows fungi to withstand heat and drought conditions. A) cell walls B) hyphae C) mycelia D) spores E) specialized organelles16.Plants have adapted to dry land by evolving all of the following except A) forms of chlorophyll more efficient at capturing light. B) secreting a waxy coating to prevent water loss. C) tissues to conduct water through the plant. D) association with mycorrhizae to improve mineral uptake. E) structures to protect reproductive cells and embryos. 17.Lichens are A) parasitic interactions between a fungus and an alga. B) capable of causing some obscure diseases. C) only found growing on living matter. D) insensitive to changes in the environment. E) symbiotic associations between a fungus and an alga.18.In bryophytes, the rhizoids A) obtain nutrients. B) obtain water. C) lure possible prey. D) are involved in reproduction. E) serve as attachment structures.19.All members of the phylum Chordata share A) a notochord present sometime in their lives. B) tails present throughout their lives. C) gills present throughout their lives. D) exoskeletons. E) a vertebral column.20.In general, mammals are not good at dispersing chili plant seeds because A) the chili seeds do not stick to the mammals’ fur. B) chili seeds are dispersed mainly by the wind. C) the seeds die as they pass through the digestive tract. D) the mammals do not travel very far before they release the chili seeds. E) the mammals are the main pollinators for the chili plant.

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