research proposal

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nobav21

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MAMP507A

Adler School of Professional Psychology

Description

Write a research proposal based on the topic you selected in week 2. Revise your literature review based on feedback from your partner and the instructor and your introduction and methodology sections based on the feedback provided to you by the instructor.

Include the following sections:

  1. Title page
  2. Abstract
  3. Introduction
  4. Literature review
  5. Methodology
    • Design
    • Participants
    • Measures
    • Procedures
  6. Proposed data analysis
  7. Critique: Analyze any personal biases (e.g., culture, theoretical orientation, past experience) that may interfere you’re your research and describe your plan for dealing with these biases. Evaluate the methods you plan to use and discuss the potential limitations of your study.
  8. References

General Guidelines

  1. Length: Your proposal should range in length from 10-15 pages (excluding the title page, abstract and reference section).
  2. References: Please include at least 7-10 references

remember it is on veterans with PTSD and how recreational therapy can help.

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Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW ON VETERANS WITH PTSD Literature Review on Veterans with PTSD Alex Bonilla 2018GF2-MAMP-507-A Dr. Bart Buechner 27 November 2018 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON VETERANS WITH PTSD 2 Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) refers to medical condition that happens after a deep threatening or scary event. Even though you may not be involved in the traumatizing scenario, the shock of the real-life experience may make your life compromised by a huge margin. PTSD victims are characterized by insomnia, chronic pain, low self-esteem and unpleasant emotions among others. War veterans and other military personnel are at high risk of post-traumatic stress disorder since they are exposed to war environments. Curing PTSD is a complex process that requires integration of therapeutic interventions cemented by administration of relevant drugs. Key words: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), veterans, health effects and therapeutic interventions. Introduction Based on scholarly research, quite several veterans who return from the military service usually display the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and hence have a hard time getting back to their normal living life. This disorder basically occurs in circumstances when an individual has gone through a life-threatening event as it is a common thing for the mind to be in shock and this eventually develops a PTSD when the nervous system stays in this condition for long. There are two common ways that the nervous system will react which is mobilization and immobilization. Mobilization is whereby the veteran will try to defend themselves for the purpose of defending own body as a survival mechanism and be able to combat the situation. After the circumstance, the system will calm the body and hence lowering the blood pressure among other things necessary to get back to normal. On the other hand, immobilization is the LITERATURE REVIEW ON VETERANS WITH PTSD situation where a veteran experience a lot of stress during and after a traumatic experience. The research seeks to address the veterans, how they are dealing with post-traumatic stress disorder and how therapy helps in alleviating the suffering. PTSD As a Common Occurrence to Veterans After a traumatizing event, veterans usually get scared, experience confusion and mood changes which could get them angry. Sometimes these feelings might go away, but when they don’t, it might worsen the case and hence end up disrupting their life and could affect their normal performance of daily activities. All those that have gone through a traumatic event to a degree of fearing for their lives and even feel helpless usually have PTSD. Even though they might all go through such symptoms, only some of them will get to develop PTSD. The likelihood of one getting a PTSD usually is dependent on a few factors such as the intensity of the trauma, the closeness that the veteran was to getting hurt, immediacy of the experienced event and how much the victim had felt to have control over the situation as well as the support that they got during the period. According to Weber (2018), people who suffer from this condition have difficulty in finding and maintaining employment. Research has shown that military veterans who receive therapy to treat PTSD see an increase in quality of life. There is basically less attention that is given to veterans in a bid to help them overcome the stress and traumatic experiences and hence end up having social exclusion when in comparison with the other individuals suffering from closely related mental health issues. A suggested reason for this situation is basically that the veterans usually take a long time for them to seek or get help and this with time might be consequential to erosion of resources before them beginning any treatment. 3 LITERATURE REVIEW ON VETERANS WITH PTSD 4 According to Murphy & Turgoose (2018) there are quite several symptoms of PTSD that have been well elaborated in the article. The first symptom is re-experiencing symptoms whereby one relieves the traumatic event. In this case, the veteran might experience same fear that he felt during the event and this might as well be accompanied by nightmares. This is usually accompanied by distressing thoughts as well as flashbacks. In such cases, a veteran might go through experiences of extreme emotions as well as physical reactions hence having occasional panic attacks. Another symptom is avoidance of any event or experience that might remind a veteran of the experience or event. The other symptom is basically a lot of negative transformations in thoughts as well as moods such as negative beliefs that sometimes don’t make sense. Final symptom would be prevalence of being highly emotional jumpy or reactive. This is usually accompanied by getting easily angry and having reckless behavior. According to Koven (2018), both the visible as well as invisible scars with the veterans usually present severe consequences not only for the veterans but also the families, close friends and community at large. According to the study presented in this article, it is not just the monetary payments received by the veterans that are costs associated with PTSD but there are other costs that include aspects such as marital problems, getting to raise children as well as marital complications among others. The conclusion of the study portray that these veterans usually perceive the post-traumatic stress as being a heavy gift hence consider themselves stronger to handle the symptoms. Military Factors LITERATURE REVIEW ON VETERANS WITH PTSD 5 Friedman& McDonagh-Coyle, (1994) ascertains that, since the veterans exposed to high war zones are highly likely to develop the disorder as compared to those exposed to moderate or low stress conditions, the blacks as well as Hispanic were more likely to have a high exposure. The veterans with PTSD usually experience quite a number of functional impairments mostly when their cause for the disorder is quite chronic. Further, these victims with PTSD were found to be less likely to get married and those that did ended up in divorces if not marital problems as compared to those that did not. Further, a higher exposure to war zone will in a great way increase one’s chance of getting PTSD. The male veterans exposed to high war zone have been found to be seven times more likely to develop PTSD as compared to those that are not. On the other hand, female veterans that have been exposed to high war zones are found to have four times chances of developing PTSD as compared to the less exposed veterans. A significant post military factor in this case is basically a post-traumatic environment whereby those veterans with poor social support might have a higher risk prevalence of PTSD. Another close factor is the coping skills of a veteran which might also vary based on the war stressors as well as everyday stressors. Post traumatic disorder is a common psychological and mental problem among military veterans. This is caused by the fact that they are exposed to an environment that creates conducive conditions for development for chronic PTSD. Study conducted by Raskind et al., 2018 shows that prazosin (adrenoreceptor) is not one of the best interventions of reducing nightmares linked to post traumatic stress disorder among military veterans. While making this comprehensive and justifiable conclusion, the study relied on randomized trials where more than 13 Departments of Veterans Affairs medical centers were selected. In this study, 304 participants were exposed to the treatment and after a period of ten weeks, there was no any significant LITERATURE REVIEW ON VETERANS WITH PTSD 6 difference between the prazosin group and the other placebo group (each of the groups was represented by 102 participants (Raskind et al., 2018). Indeed, chronic PTSD has caused untold suffering among military veterans hence it is important for embracing best interventions in order to help war veterans address their psychological and mental needs on timely basis (Raskind et al., 2018). For example, resorting to therapeutic interventions such a counseling session is such a noble course of handling psychological complications among war veterans. It is substantive thought that fighting spiritual void has never been a walk in the park among military veterans. Chronic post-traumatic stress disorder is a moral at the same time spiritual issue among war veterans. Therefore, the ideology of protecting psychological and health needs of war veterans has an implication that you are always protecting your own health. Generally, therapy combined with effective administration of drugs is very useful in addressing psychological needs as opposed to traditional approaches of handling PTSD (Raskind et al., 2018). During the process of administering these drugs, it is it essential to consider other needs of military veterans such as their financial, political and economic needs. Handling post-traumatic stress disorder among war veterans should be a communal thing as opposed to individual aspect. According to Mithoefer et al., (2018), post-traumatic stress disorder is highly prevalent among military people in various parts of the world. These individuals do not even respond to available treatments options hence it is necessary to integrate urgent means of helping them regain normalcy in life. Rationale for them to ignore medical interventions is grounded on the fact that they believe to be strong to handle the stress. Having conducted a double-blind randomized experiment; key finding indicates that MDMA-assisted psychotherapy sessions are very essential in addressing psychological needs of war veterans. Therefore, it is such a LITERATURE REVIEW ON VETERANS WITH PTSD 7 justifiable thought that addressing post-traumatic stress disorder among war veterans is a complex issue that requires embracing the best skills (Mithoefer et al., 2018). Post-traumatic stress disorder is linked to health problems that forces war veterans to engage in awful acts. For example, scholarly studies have justified the fact that development of suicidal behavior, co morbidity and disability are some of the problems that are associated with post traumatic disorder among military personnel especially war veterans. The ability of war veterans to adjust this behavior is made possible by addressing their mental disorders such as depression caused by chronic stress disorder. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder is high among war veterans and is linked to physical health complications such as chronic pain conditions cancer, physical health problems and respiratory diseases. War veterans whose psychological needs are not fully addressed end up living poor life and even succumbing to suicidal thoughts and other problems. Mithoefer et al., (2018) emphasizes on the necessity to embrace the best therapeutic interventions to help war veterans lead a normal life. Study conducted by Shea et al., (2010) states that there is positive correlation of posttraumatic stress disorder and other functional complications among war veterans. Having relied on one hundred and twenty-four participants who survived war in Iraq, key finding indicates that severity and subjective distress are some of the problems that are linked post-traumatic stress disorder among war veterans. Indeed, effects of post traumatic disorder are not felt among other people. Post-traumatic stress disorder is the foundation of compromised mental individual health by creating disconnect between the victim’s reality of life and expectations. Post-traumatic stress disorder has created distrust of the available natural laws and above all lead to increased anxiety and depression among war veterans. It is clear from the study that PTSD is evident in the event that a victim has undergone a traumatic event in life. Integration of these nauseating events LITERATURE REVIEW ON VETERANS WITH PTSD 8 makes human mind to function in an improper manner. For example, hyper-arousal makes an individual to function in a defective way. Conclusion Post-traumatic stress disorder is complex problem among war veterans not only in the United States but other regions of the world. Understanding implications of post-traumatic stress disorder among victims of war is such as indomitable and noble course to enable them lead a normal life. The above scholarly articles do indicate that post-traumatic stress disorder is highly prevalent among war veterans and military personnel and the effects associated with it are devastating. More than ninety percent of these articles do show that therapeutic interventions assisted by administration of various drugs is necessary in addressing negative health effects associated with exposure to traumatic events. It is also justifiable that cases of post-traumatic stress disorder have been ignored for long time hence necessity to come up with best interventions of addressing these problems. Cognitive processing and prolonged exposure therapy are common types of interventions used to address problems caused by PTSD. Notably, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, stress inoculation training and medications are common interventions of addressing post-traumatic stress disorder among military personnel. Post-traumatic stress disorder is more prevalent in male as opposed to female military war veterans. Due to male chauvinism, they do believe that they are strong enough to handle stress as opposed to female war veterans who embrace the importance of seeking for medical and therapeutic interventions. It is candid thought for healthcare systems and other stakeholders to come up with the best strategies of reducing pain improving self-esteem and creating a favorable environment for war veterans. The federal government of the United States and other LITERATURE REVIEW ON VETERANS WITH PTSD governments of the world should give priority to health needs of military veterans. 9 LITERATURE REVIEW ON VETERANS WITH PTSD 10 References Friedman, M. J., Schnurr, P. P., & McDonagh-Coyle, A. (1994). Post-traumatic stress disorder in the military veteran. Psychiatric Clinics, 17(2), 265-277. Koven, S. (2018, August). Veteran Treatments: PTSD Interventions. In Healthcare (Vol. 6, No. 3, p. 94). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Mithoefer, et al., (2018). 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: a randomized, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial. The Lancet Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30135-4. Murphy, D., Busuttil, W., & Turgoose, D. (2018, August). Understanding the Needs of Veterans with PTSD. In Healthcare (Vol. 6, No. 3, p. 100). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Raskind, M.A.; Peskind, E.R.; Chow, B.; Harris, C.; Pharm, D. et al., (2018). Trial of Prazosin for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:507517 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507598. Shea, M.T.; Vujanovic, A.A.; Mansfield, A.K.; Seven, E.; Liu, F. (2010). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and functional impairment among OEF and OIF National Guard and reserve veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20497 Weber, D. (2018). A Qualitative Examination of Veteran Participation and Experiences in MilSim and Effects on Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Ann Arbor: ProQuest LLC.
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Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL

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Topic: How Recreational Therapy can help Veterans Diagnosed with PTSD
Name
Tutor
Institution
Course
Date

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

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Abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) refers to medical condition that happens after a
deep threatening or scary event. Even though you may not be involved in the traumatizing
scenario, the shock of the real-life experience may make your life compromised by a huge
margin. PTSD victims are characterized by insomnia, chronic pain, low self-esteem and
unpleasant emotions among others. War veterans and other military personnel are at high risk of
post-traumatic stress disorder since they are exposed to war environments. Curing PTSD is a
complex process that requires integration of therapeutic interventions cemented by
administration of relevant drugs.
Key words: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), veterans, health effects and therapeutic
interventions.

I. Introduction
Introductory Statement
As per US Census Bureau estimates, approximately 22 million Americans have served in
the US Armed forces service. Mental health conditions are prevalent among this population,
during or after service. This is due to the work circumstances they are exposed to during
deployment, hence these service men and women need support both during and after the
battlefield. During service, they experience direct combat exposure and highly stressful
situations which leads to prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is an
anxiety disorder which develops after one is exposed to a stressful event or terrifying events
which pose severe physical harm risks or are life threatening. At least 10% of veterans are
affected by PTSD each year (Reisman, 2016). Unlike stress which is common after trauma,

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

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PTSD victims experience anger and isolation symptoms which do not go away, and get worse
over time. Most veterans experience distressing and persistent symptoms as they re-experience
the trauma through emotional numbness, flashbacks, sadden anger, drug and alcohol abuse, and
relationship problems. The symptoms could lead to self-destructive behavior.
Statement of the Problem
PTSD is highly prevalent among returning service members. A study of 60,000 Iraq and
Afghanistan veterans indicated that 13.5 % of deployed military members and veterans screened
positive for PTSD(Reisman, 2016). Some related studies have indicated PTSD diagnosis of as
high as 20-30% (Eysenbach, 2016). The conditions which military members are exposed to,
including; guerilla attacks, uncertainty of safe and unsafe zones, and high presence of explosive
devices, are likely to trigger more post-traumatic stress. Even though improved protective gear
and battle field medicine increase survivability, most soldiers still survive war with very
significant physical and emotional injuries. These experiences lead to long lasting physical and
psychological trauma. PTSD is characterized of symptoms such as major depressive disorder
which affects one’s relationships and sleep. Most veterans face challenges in navigating PTSD
due to lack of adequate support. This has raised concerns on how to address PTSD in veterans
using a sustainable approach which helps build a support system for them. A sustainable anxiety
disorder management approach ensures that an individual’s physical health and capabilities to
accomplish daily life activities are enhanced. Mental health and relationships should also
improve.
Hypothesis: Recreational therapy can help veterans with PTSD to better manage the
condition.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

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Research Question: Does recreational therapy help veterans with PTSD to better
manage the condition?
Statement of Purpose
The objective of this study will be to establish whether recreational therapy can help
veterans with PTSD to better manage the condition. Recreational therapy seeks to improve the
overall quality of a patient who has had cognitive and physical challenges. Recreational therapy
has in the past been used to improve physical, social, emotional, and cognitive functioning,
hence leading to full participation in life. Through activities such as sports, games, dance, and
music, individuals are able to manage stress, depression, and anxiety. This helps them to build
their confidence. The study will establish whether involving veterans in recreational activities
they enjoy will help them focus on their abilities, thus ensuring that they regain their physical
and mental skills. The study will be designed to determine whether administering recreational
therapy to veterans while taking to account military culture and their specific medical needs can
help combat the psychological and physical barriers which injured veterans encounter. The
barriers to be taken into consideration include amputation, stroke, spinal injury, and sexual
trauma.

II. Literature Review
Based on scholarly research, quite several veterans who return from the military service
usually display the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and hence have a hard time
getting back to their normal living life. This disorder basically occurs in circumstances when an
individual has gone through a life-threatening event as it is a common thing for the mind to be in
shock and this eventually develops a PTSD when the nervous system stays in this ...


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I was having a hard time with this subject, and this was a great help.

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