Final Term Paper

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Health Medical

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It is the Final work for the term paper rough that was completed previously. It is expected that you have the following:

  • A title page
  • The body of the paper: 4–6 pages of text, double-spaced, 12-point font with clear and understandable language with no grammar or spelling errors
  • Provide adequate justification that supports your response with at least three appropriate references using textbooks, websites, and articles are required
  • Subheadings (historical and contemporary aspects, public policy, and personal opinion/conclusion)
  • Appropriate in-text citations throughout paper (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/).
  • A reference page with only the sources that you used in the body of the paper (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/06/).
  • Sources should be less than 5 years old unless there has not been recent research available. At least one reference must be a peer-reviewed article from a profession journal. Do not use Wikipedia or encyclopedia as they are not considered a reliable academic source to use
  • Be sure to follow APA formatting for your paper (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/).

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Running head: ETHICS OF PRENATAL TESTING

Ethical Issues in Invasive Prenatal Testing for Down Syndrome Pregnancy Termination
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

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ETHICS OF PRENATAL TESTING

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Ethical Issues in Invasive Prenatal Testing for Down Syndrome Pregnancy Termination
Introduction
Prenatal genetic testing meant to identify fetal conditions has become an important part
of modern day prenatal care. The methods employed range from invasive to non-invasive. The
manner in which these tests are conducted and their purpose raise important ethical questions.
This paper will use different ethical theories to explore the ethical issues arising from invasive
prenatal testing aimed at terminating Down Syndrome pregnancies. The main ethical contest is
on whether terminating Down Syndrome pregnancies is harming the fetal patient or saving it
from a future life of suffering. There are other related issues such as imposing the interests of the
fetal patient on the pregnant woman who should have the freedom to make decisions on her
reproductive health. The ethical appropriateness of invasive prenatal tests aimed at terminating
Down Syndrome pregnancies will be determined by evaluation the arguments in favor and those
against the practice.
Arguments in Favor
Timely Intervention
Prenatal diagnostic tests can be followed up with therapy that is beneficial to the fetus.
There are few such instances including when fetal anemia, immunodeficiency syndrome, and
hemophilia are detected (Richardson & Ormond, 2018). As soon as they are identified, prenatal
care may be initiated so that the fetal condition is improved considerably by the time it is born. It
is however important to note that most of the conditions that can be identified cannot be solved
through prenatal therapy (Parens, 2014). The potential treatment options are too risky. For most
of these conditions, selective abortion is a key alternative. Although the ethical appropriateness
of abortion is contested on many fronts, it can be defended in this case from a consequentialist

ETHICS OF PRENATAL TESTING

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perspective. Under consequentialism, an action is considered right or wrong based on its
consequences (Ahlström & Dunn, 2017). If the prenatal test results in an abortion which frees the
future person with Down Syndrome from a life of disability and suffering, then it is ethical.
Autonomy
Although prenatal tests are targeted at...


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I was having a hard time with this subject, and this was a great help.

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