1 Prospect of Peace between Palestine/Israeli conflicts Introduction The Israeli/Palestine conflict has been one of the most controversial and longest running conflicts in the world. This paper is designed to giving an entry point towards understanding this conflict which has since been complicated. The focus is on the basics of the conflict; how it 2 started; its effects and the role of the city of Jerusalem in the conflict. This text also answers the research question: will peace prevail in Israeli/Palestinian conflict over the occupied land. Literature Review This research text considers the use of articles on the history, current state, and the peace progress of the Palestine/Israeli conflict. Information on previous peace initiatives on the conflict have been included in this research with the main focus being on the peace process which was created and mediated by the United States. Paper includes updated methods which can be used in making sure peace prevails in Palestinian/Israeli conflict. An analysis has also been done on the different laws from the United Nations source books. Theoretical Framework Different theories have been brought out about how to tackle the longest conflict according to different history books. State conflicts can only be resolved by limited ways which involve international and local government and non-government bodies. The Palestine/Israeli conflict has been in existence over a couple of years with the latest advancement in the conflict showing little room for resolution of the conflict (Milton-Edwards, 2008). Different research carried out shows this conflict is escalating over the years. This conflict will be settled only by understanding by the two parties. Considering the time the conflict has continued, war cannot be a solution of settling the conflict. Peace cannot prevail in Israeli/Palestine conflict over the occupied land if at all the two countries are not involved in dialogue. At the edge of the Israeli/Palestine conflict lays the question of land. The conflict is on who rules it with the current trends showing no end at all to this conflict. There is the collision of Palestine nationalism and Jewish nationalist colonization. The two have over time laid claim to the same territory which formed the basis of this long lived 3 conflict. The conflict has been deepened by the tragedies of occupation and dispossession of Palestine and the holocaust (Bar-Tal, 1990). There have been several attempts to settle the conflict but they have not been successful. The United Nations partitioned the land with conflict in 1947 but the settlement was not a lasting one. Since 1967, the Palestinians have come to be in acceptance of the fact that Israeli is within the boundaries of 1948. This land has resulted in unending war between Palestine and Israeli. As a result of the constant wars, Israel has resulted in building a fence that covers some part of the Palestine territory. According to the Israeli government, this fence is aimed at keeping off the Palestine Suicide bombers. The building of this fence has made Israeli to retain control over important agricultural grounds, economic areas, and natural resources of Palestine. The struggle has continued despite the International Court of Justice ruling that the west bank barrier of Israel violates International law. Jerusalem has played a vital role in this conflict. The settlement in East Jerusalem has become a thorny issue even if an agreement could be reached to end the conflict. Israel regards Jerusalem particularly the east as its indivisible, external capital with the Jewish neighborhoods in the area not being regarded as settlements. In order for peace to prevail in Palestine/Israeli conflict, there needs to be consideration of previously adopted conflict solving approaches. Conflict Solving Approaches In the current times the West bank strip is controlled by the authority of Palestine and is under the occupation of Israeli. The occupation involves the Israeli troops enforcing restrictions on any Palestine movements and the Israeli settlers who build communities that are ever expending in the West Bank. The Gaza strip is controlled by the Hamas which is an Israeli party but is under the blockage of Israeli. There are different approaches that can be used to solving the 4 conflict so as to ensure that peace prevails. These approaches are: “two state solution” and “one state solution”. The “two state solution” is the primary approach and would involve the establishment of Palestine as an independent state in most of "the"t Bank and Gaza strip. The establishment will result in leaving the rest of the land to Israel. The approach is very clear in terms of its theory although the two states have since been divided on how to apply it. An alternative approach is the “one state solution” in which all the land becomes either one big Palestine or one big Israel. However, this approach is likely to cause more problems that the solutions as viewed by different international observers. Although there seems to be creation of more problems than solutions when using this approach, it is becoming more likely based on demographic and political reasons. The Peace Process After considering the conflict solving approaches, it is essential to consider previously mediated efforts so as to answer the research question. Any successful peace initiative will involve resolving the core issues that have been hindrances to the peace process: Jerusalem, West Bank settlements, Israeli security and Palestinian refugees. One of the major mediated efforts to end the conflict is the peace process. The peace process initially considered the four hindrances but was not able to address them adequately (Yiftachel, 2006). The peace process is a mediated effort by America with the aim of brokering a peace treaty between Palestine and Israeli. The focus of the peace process is finding a final status agreement which would establish a Palestinian state in West Bank and in Gaza. This will be in exchange for the Palestinians agreeing to cease the continued attacks on the Israeli targets. The peace process was however not a success from is incorporation in 2001 as the conflict continued. 5 Although this approach has been a failure, it still remains as the most dominant international and American approach to solving the conflict. The peace process has continued to be applied although there have been little advancements. This can be attributed to a number of hurdles. First, the settlements in West Bank are still being expanded by Israel. This has been seen as a measure to erase the state of Palestine. Second, there have been divisions between the Palestinians which have been politically motivated. The Palestinians have remained divided between Hamas and Fatah and therefore the negotiations cannot be joint ones. Israel has shown no indication that it is willing to negotiate with a government that includes the Hamas. Third, how the talks should get started is unclear as the current Israeli government is skeptical of the concessions to the Palestine people. There has been a belief by the Palestinians that the Israelis are not serious about peace and as a result have raised a campaign for pressuring Israel to peace. For peace to prevail, the United States needs to restart the talks by making the two sides to start taking the peace commitments seriously. Before the jumpstarting of any peace process, it is important to understand the barriers that have contributed to lack of achievement of the comprehensive agreement. Understanding the barriers involves knowing where the pressure to commence the peace process will come from. The Palestine and Israeli conflict draws pressure from the two strips of land. The two strips can form the basis for commencement of the peace process. A look at the relationship between Palestine and Israeli involves understanding of the following things. First, the “two state solution” is only applicable to West Bank and Israeli. Second, the Palestinian/Israeli conflict crux is rooted in the collective belief in moral and legal right for the Palestinian refugees (Halper, 2004). How Peace will prevail in Palestine/Israel Conflict 6 Peace making for the two states will require confidence building and concession measures. There are some legitimate interests and rights for Israeli that needs to be addressed just as it is willing to address the interests and rights of the Palestine people. Peace in this case can only be achieved by use of negotiations which will be aimed at resolving issues and bridging gaps. Israeli has proved that it is willing to make peace with Palestine but the moderate one which does not support terrorism. This has been seen from past meetings between Israeli and Arabs where agreements were reached. For negotiations to succeed and also be possible to be conducted, the incitement and terrorism of Palestine which has been supported by some other Middle East countries needs to cease. The Palestinian elements which are extremists: the Hamas needs to be reconsidered in the negotiation process. The dismantling of the infrastructure of terrorism is a step in resolving the conflict but is not the first one (Cohen, 1993). This peace making will require an atmosphere that is conducive and that does not include incitement and terrorism in it. The atmosphere required in the negotiation process is one that promotes a mutual understanding of Palestine and Israeli. The living conditions of the Palestinians have been previously improved by the Israeli as a result of the steps that have been taken. In addition, Israeli has been involved in the rehabilitation of the economy of Palestine which is a gesture that it is open to negotiation on the land with conflict. Peace can only prevail if the good gesture being shown by Israeli is reciprocated by Palestine in terms of stamping out terrorism. There have been other good will gestures towards the moderate Palestine camp. These good will gestures should form the basis for the negotiation on the conflict about the strips of land. Any attempts by the Arabs and the Palestinians to make Israel to accept demands by Palestine will only blow off the negotiation and will not result in peace. This negotiation process should also involve the Arabs who can play an important part in 7 providing insight on the Palestinian positions being made. With the support of the Arabs during the negotiation, the Palestinians and Israeli will be able to make the necessary compromises that result in peace deals. The Arabs countries have taken positive steps which will be conducive for the negotiation of peace deals. These steps will also re-energize the multi-lateral contacts which will result in regional cooperation. The resolutions of the UN Security Council which have been accepted by all parties in the region provide an outline that is essential for conducting negotiations aimed at settlement that is permanent. The implementation of the road map that has been supported by Israeli can only work if the obligations that require to be fulfilled by Palestine are indeed met. The Palestinians needs to commence fulfilling the obligations of the Road map if at all the negotiations will yield positive results. A comprehensive agreement between Palestine and Israeli foundation stones must not be similar to any pacts that have been previously negotiated between states in the Middle East (Zimmermann, 2015). The condition that fixes the arrangement between Israeli and Arabs has to be different from the Palestine and Israeli situation. The making of peace between Palestine and Israeli will require time, creativity and patience as well as money and mediation. There is an absence of straightforwardness between Israeli and Palestine in terms of their relations. The economically viable, politically tolerable buffer zone between the two cannot be created of territory. This creation can only be achieved from a side agreement that focus on the aspect of daily life of both sides. Conclusion Peace between Palestine and Israeli must mean the end to conflict and resolution of all claims by both parties. On reaching a peace agreement, there is need for Palestine and Israeli to 8 turn a new leaf with the relationship between the two put on a footing that is new. In order for peace to prevail, the neighboring countries should be involved in the negotiation process. The relationship of the two should be one that is characterized by cooperation and dialogue rather than by confrontation and antagonism. References Bar-Tal, D. (1990). Israeli-Palestinian conflict: A cognitive analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14(1), 7-29. Bar‐Tal, D. (2000). From intractable conflict through conflict resolution to reconciliation: Psychological analysis. Political Psychology, 21(2), 351-365. 9 Cohen, S. E. (1993). The politics of planting: Israeli-Palestinian competition for control of land in the Jerusalem periphery (Vol. 236). University of Chicago Press. Halper, J. (2004). Obstacles to peace: a re-framing of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. PalMap of GSE. Milton-Edwards, B. (2008). The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A People's War. Routledge. Solving the Conflict. Archiv des Völkerrechts, 53(2), 149-166. Yiftachel, O. (2006). Ethnocracy: Land and identity politics in Israel/Palestine. University of Pennsylvania Press. Zimmermann, A. (2015). The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: Developing International Law Without Criteria Synthesis of Knowledge Foundation of Knowledge Application of Knowledge Organization of Exemplary 16-20 17 17 18 17 Accomplished 1115 Developing 6-10 Beginning 0-5 Total 10 Ideas/Format Writing and Research Skill Total 16 85 John: Ugly Reference Page. Always know Profs look first at the Title Page and then the References - a goofy Reference Page means folks always look far harder. Never lose the gimmee points. 25% Passive Voice is VERY high - a high Passive Voice score makes for boring reading - do you know how to use Word to proof for that? This was less of a Literature Review than a hybrid paper-lit review. That's being a bit generous as it was hard to see much Lit Review there. A lit review by definition is this: A literature review surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in relation to the research problem being investigated. This never quite hit that mark. Moreover, there was more than a bit of awkward writing here. Proof and proof. Dr. Smith 1 Research on Prospect of Peace between Palestine/Israel Conflicts 2 Introduction The Palestinian/Israeli conflict has taken place for several decades. People and countries around the world have experienced a hard time debating about the legal owner of the land that brings conflict between Palestinians and Israelis (Scham et al., 2016, pg.12). The territories engaged in the conflict involve the Israel nation and the territories occupied by the Palestinians such as the Gaza Strip, West Bank, and the Golan Heights (Abuelaish & Arya, 2017, 10). Based on the information corrected from the CIA World Fact-book, the size of Israel is relatively larger compared with the New Jersey since it is considered to be 1,068 square kilometers (Morra & Ali, 2016, pg.13). The West Bank is relatively smaller than Delaware as it size is taken to be 5,860 square kilometers whereas the Gaza Strip is relatively twice bigger compared to the size of Washington, DC, with about 360 square kilometers (Yousef & Belal, 2014, pg.13). Several claims have emerged concerning the land under conflict ranging from religious complains to nationalistic in origin. Currently, the Palestinians and the Israelis are both holding assertions regarding ownership over the area occupied by Palestinian territories and Israel (Zimmermann, 2015, pg.18). Among the ownership claims, entitlements associated with religious and nationalistic arguments between the two sides have differences in levels of strength. Between the two cases, the nationalistic has the strongest strength historically among the Palestinian nationalists and the Zionists (Yarchi, 2014, pg.26). The Palestinian/Israeli conflict is currently messy without any clear-cut solution whereby all the approaches that were taken to solve the problem fail. The aspect that is now in constant debate regards the level of support that the peace conferences from Israelis and the Palestinians among other actors give on their discussions (Dorraj, 2015, pg.24). Research has been conducted that examines the factors that affect the public opinion of the Palestinians concerning the 3 possibility of developing peace with Israel. Various scholars have indicated how political affiliation, socioeconomic status, support for violence, and gender among other components that could interfere with the popular opinion regarding a process of developing peace (Cordesman, 2018, pg.15). Several studies have researched on the methods that peace can be promoted between the two nationalities, though they have never considered it as a primary focus as they do on the determinants involving public opinion (Cury, 2017, pg.25). Since various studies conducted regarding the conflict between the two nations have exploited every method to promote peace between the involved countries, the current data regarding the affected people is always hard to get (Feuerstein & Mandelzis, 2017, pg.20). Most of the information provided regarding the death and the people injured in the conflict remains the secret to some authorities. Based on the economic, political and social effects that have emerged between Palestinians and the Israelis due to the conflict over the occupied land, thousands of people have been injured, the political stability has declined, and the economic status of the countries have gone down. All the consequences have resulted because the friendship between the two countries has been decreasing over several years and therefore, the trust between individuals has been affected. Due to such consequences, nations need to come to come together and look for a permanent solution to solve the conflict over land between Israelis and Palestinians. Research Question Will peace prevail in Palestinian/Israeli conflict over the occupied land? Hypothesis If the countries across the world will provide support, then peace will prevail in Palestinian/Israeli conflict. 4 References Abuelaish, I., & Arya, N. (2017). The Palestinian–Israeli conflict: a disease for which root causes must be acknowledged and treated. Medicine, conflict and survival, 33(3), 184-187. Cordesman, A. H. (2018). Perilous Prospects: The Peace Process and the Arab-Israeli Military Balance. Routledge. Cury, E. (2017). Muslim American Policy Advocacy and the Palestinian Israeli Conflict: Claimsmaking and the Pursuit of Group Rights. Politics and Religion, 10(2), 417-439. Dorraj, M. (2015). China’s Evolving Policy towards the Palestinian–Israeli Conflict. China Policy Institute Blog at the University of Nottingham, 20. Feuerstein, M., & Mandelzis, L. (2017). Israeli college students challenge media coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Conflict & Communication, 16(1). Morra, M. C., & Ali, N. A. (2016). A Review on the Evolution of Europe’s Methods to Exert Influence on The Palestinian-Israeli Peace Process. International Relations, 4(1), 1-6. Scham, P., Salem, W., & Pogrund, B. (2016). Shared histories: a Palestinian-Israeli dialogue. Routledge. Yarchi, M. (2014). The effect of female suicide attacks on foreign media framing of conflicts: The case of the Palestinian–Israeli conflict. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 37(8), 674688. Yousef, D., & Belal, F. (2014, June). Wage Differential between Urban and Rural Palestine: The Shadow of Palestinian-Israeli Conflict. In Economic research forum: Working papers (Vol. 839, pp. 1-21). Zimmermann, A. (2015). The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: Developing International Law Without Solving the Conflict. Archiv des Völkerrechts, 53(2), 149-166. 5 Criteria Synthesis of Knowledge Foundation of Knowledge Application of Knowledge Organization of Ideas/Format Writing and Research Skill Total Exemplary 16-20 16 Accomplished 1115 Developing 6-10 Beginning 0-5 Total 16 16 17 15 65 15 80 John: Messy across the board. Barely satisfactory work. Consider using an outline with your central thesis at the top, your 3-5 main points and the evidence put in columns beneath them. That will allow you to see your analysis laid out in one easy place and to spot holes in the analysis. That then also allows you to see where facts or examples can buttress those arguments and make the overall writing more interesting. Selling your product does matter. My test is this if I can't recall a selling or salient point, then it's merely ok - there is so much good AMU and outside related material to make these topics sing. Here you had the material but the writing and synthesis prevented you from getting full traction. Review how you construct your overall logic trail. A bit more TLC and this could have been a fine effort. But even I with my lifetime of knowledge on this subject was uncertain on the overall message. Dr. Smith 
Purchase answer to see full attachment