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Running Head: INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFRASTRUCTURE: EVOLUTION AND TRENDS
Information Systems Infrastructure: Evolutions and Trends
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFRASTRUCTURE: EVOLUTION AND TRENDS
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Information Systems Infrastructure: Evolutions and Trends
Abstract
The information systems terrain has undergone significant evolution over the years.
Information technology and applications have also evolved together with the information
systems infrastructure. It is of significant importance to understand how these revolutions have
occurred and the driving forces that underlying the revolution (Peppard & Ward, 2016). This
paper seeks to provide a history of the evolution of information systems infrastructure and
current trends. Prior to the discussion of the key aspects of the paper, the paper will provide a
brief description of the information systems infrastructure. Information systems are often defined
as a field that stretches across computer sciences organizational science, and management
science, there is an increasing maturity in this field which demands a reference field for other
business areas (Saad, Rosenthal-Sabroux & Gargouri, 2014). A better understanding of the
evolution and current trends of information systems will enable identification of driving forces
underlying information systems research thus making trends in further research more predictable.
Introduction
Information systems infrastructure means more than just computer programs and
databases. It refers to a set of processes, tools, and stands that enable the strategic management of
information, efficient work, support for business processes, and effective communication.
Perhaps most importantly, information systems help enable the making if better decisions
INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFRASTRUCTURE: EVOLUTION AND TRENDS
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(Peppard & Ward, 2016). Information systems are vital to the processing of data from different
inputs for the generation of information in the form of reports or other desired output useful for
making of managerial decisions for effective management of organizations, operations, or
businesses (International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems & In Hammoudi, 2014).
This is to mean that Information Systems are helpful for processing data into information that is
meaningful and full of knowledge.
Information systems refer to an arrangement of people, data, processes and information
technology that interact for the purpose of collecting, processing, storing, and providing an
output as the required information that is needed to support an organization. In the business
world, information systems are crucial for providing solutions to problems, challenges, helping
to exploit an opportunity of the organization and it is comprised of the management,
organization, and technology (Saad, Rosenthal-Sabroux & Gargouri, 2014).
Information System, IT, and are often commonly confused because of the close
interrelated nature making it very difficult for people to differentiate. One of the reasons for this
confusion is that people often presume systems to be computer systems. However, Information
System is a rather broader filed which refers to a set of systems meant for creating, modification,
storage, and distribution of information (Saad, Rosenthal-Sabroux & Gargouri, 2014). On the
other hand, it is a subset of information system dealing with the information technology part of
the information system. As such, IT deals with hardware such as servers, and software parts such
as operating systems and software. While Information System focuses on bridging the gap
between businesses and the field of computers, IT focuses on the management of technology and
its use for the betterment of business and its practices.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFRASTRUCTURE: EVOLUTION AND TRENDS
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The Information System infrastructure consists of their major parts of input, process, and
output and a fourth part called feedback. The input aspect serves to capture raw data from the
organization or from the external environment. Processing, on the other hand, concerts the raw
data inform a more meaningful form through such actions as sorting, searching, and comparison
of the raw data. The output component is where the already processed information and useable
information is transferred to the people of the activities that can use the information. For
instance, transferring new order requests to the sales department (Saad, Rosenthal-Sabroux &
Gargouri, 2014). The feedback, though it does not feature among the three components, it is very
important, as it is the data or the output that informs that changes to activities of output or
processing. A sample scenario emulating this model is an ATM transaction-banking
environment. In this regard, daily ATM transactions are captured by a batch processing system
sorts the data and produce reports such as the report on the number of withdrawals.
Evolution process
The field of Information System has un...