Question: In San Francisco, a predictive algorithm was used to evaluate arraignment risk for bail setting. It recommended that the man charged, Lamonte Mims, be released. The judge, heeding to the advice, let the man go. A week later Mims murdered a 71-year-old man. The article relates to two issues: transparency and liability. It raises an ethical question: who or what is liable for the consequences of decisions made by artificial intelligence? If we should afford artificial intelligence some rights and responsibilities? Required Reading: Anderson, M., Anderson, S.L. (2007). Machine Ethics: Creating an Ethical Intelligent Agent. Retrieved from https://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2065?fbclid=IwAR2tlPL33iuR_qs 9j xudOJPwfpBXrqhfNPRYy7img0yRd6e5fgsYyNg8y-k Recommended readings: Simonite, T. (2017). When Government Rules by Software, Citizens are Left in the Dark. Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/story/when-government-rules-by-software-citizens-areleft-inthedark/?fbclid=IwAR17CTgjMZjG4WusFNwJVU1EXQHGU9nlgoCDYeGydBVwiam53E6todT ExBw Bostrom, N., Yudkowsky, E. (N.D.). The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved from https://intelligence.org/files/EthicsofAI.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2v21KYA4CtQP1X4o4zKHlqCG9k8Q 5y5oHdtdQgWqrrW8T4xIgSrVuB8dQ Bostrom, N. (2009). Ethical Issues in Advanced Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved from https://nickbostrom.com/ethics/ai.pdf Fourtané, S. (2014). Engineering Ethics Into A Robot. Retrieved from https://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1323081&fbclid=IwAR3Ud1rQ ydYn6bnxdUgppEKaEgO4_K14gXeLiS5DmhN73zcl9FZ7CA2R-s Foster, J.D. (2016). I, robot? Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/month139&id= 129 &men_tab=srchresults Petersen, S. (2006). The ethics of robot servitude. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09528130601116139?scroll=top&needAccess =tru e Whitby, B. (2008). Sometimes it’s hard to be a robot: A call for action on the ethics of abusing artificial agents. Retrieved from http://www.cs.potsdam.edu/faculty/laddbc/Teaching/Ethics/StudentPapers/2008WhitbySom etimesItsHardToBeARobot.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3CaFrzPB5oDq6riY7J1KnYJBDI5lnubTa_vN tLKLz8366psEeO9rYuo-U Guildlines: Response papers should be no longer than three pages, follow proper ABC format (Introduction, Body, Conclusion), and present a clear thesis in response to the chosen discussion question. Response papers should construct their arguments using at least one of the frameworks for ethical reasoning that we’ve discussed in class. In addition to presenting the strongest argument for their thesis, response papers must acknowledge and respond to at least one valid counter-argument. Response papers must draw on secondary sources to provide evidence for their claims. These sources can come from the recommended reading list, but do not have to. Each paper must contain an APA-formatted reference list. This list should appear on a separate page at the end of the paper and does not count towards the page-limit Frameworks for ethical reasoning: Virtue Ethics: Virtue ethics is person rather than action based: it looks at the virtue or moral character of the person carrying out an action, rather than at ethical duties and rules, or the consequences of particular actions. Ethical Egoism: Ethical egoism is the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest. Question: In San Francisco, a predictive algorithm was used to evaluate arraignment risk for bail setting. It recommended that the man charged, Lamonte Mims, be released. The judge, heeding to the advice, let the man go. A week later Mims murdered a 71-year-old man. The article relates to two issues: transparency and liability. It raises an ethical question: who or what is liable for the consequences of decisions made by artificial intelligence? If we should afford artificial intelligence some rights and responsibilities? Required Reading: Anderson, M., Anderson, S.L. (2007). Machine Ethics: Creating an Ethical Intelligent Agent. Retrieved from https://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2065?fbclid=IwAR2tlPL33iuR_qs 9j xudOJPwfpBXrqhfNPRYy7img0yRd6e5fgsYyNg8y-k Recommended readings: Simonite, T. (2017). When Government Rules by Software, Citizens are Left in the Dark. Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/story/when-government-rules-by-software-citizens-areleft-inthedark/?fbclid=IwAR17CTgjMZjG4WusFNwJVU1EXQHGU9nlgoCDYeGydBVwiam53E6todT ExBw Bostrom, N., Yudkowsky, E. (N.D.). The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved from https://intelligence.org/files/EthicsofAI.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2v21KYA4CtQP1X4o4zKHlqCG9k8Q 5y5oHdtdQgWqrrW8T4xIgSrVuB8dQ Bostrom, N. (2009). Ethical Issues in Advanced Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved from https://nickbostrom.com/ethics/ai.pdf Fourtané, S. (2014). Engineering Ethics Into A Robot. Retrieved from https://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1323081&fbclid=IwAR3Ud1rQ ydYn6bnxdUgppEKaEgO4_K14gXeLiS5DmhN73zcl9FZ7CA2R-s Foster, J.D. (2016). I, robot? Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/month139&id= 129 &men_tab=srchresults Petersen, S. (2006). The ethics of robot servitude. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09528130601116139?scroll=top&needAccess =tru e Whitby, B. (2008). Sometimes it’s hard to be a robot: A call for action on the ethics of abusing artificial agents. Retrieved from http://www.cs.potsdam.edu/faculty/laddbc/Teaching/Ethics/StudentPapers/2008WhitbySom etimesItsHardToBeARobot.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3CaFrzPB5oDq6riY7J1KnYJBDI5lnubTa_vN tLKLz8366psEeO9rYuo-U Guildlines: Response papers should be no longer than three pages, follow proper ABC format (Introduction, Body, Conclusion), and present a clear thesis in response to the chosen discussion question. Response papers should construct their arguments using at least one of the frameworks for ethical reasoning that we’ve discussed in class. In addition to presenting the strongest argument for their thesis, response papers must acknowledge and respond to at least one valid counter-argument. Response papers must draw on secondary sources to provide evidence for their claims. These sources can come from the recommended reading list, but do not have to. Each paper must contain an APA-formatted reference list. This list should appear on a separate page at the end of the paper and does not count towards the page-limit Frameworks for ethical reasoning: Virtue Ethics: Virtue ethics is person rather than action based: it looks at the virtue or moral character of the person carrying out an action, rather than at ethical duties and rules, or the consequences of particular actions. Ethical Egoism: Ethical egoism is the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest.
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