Description
Lab report for project 1 : Inorganic contaminants present in water samples.
the unknown chemical was Ca(NO3)2.
minimum : 4 pages
Maximum: 10 pages
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Explanation & Answer
Attached.
Project 1 Lab Report
Inorganic Contaminants Present in Water Samples
I.
Introduction
II.
Methods
a) Materials
b) Procedures
c) Safety
III.
Results
IV.
Discussion
V.
Conclusion
VI.
Research Connection
Running head: PROJECT 1 LAB REPORT
1
Project 1 Lab Report
Inorganic Contaminants Present in Water Samples
Your First and Last Name
Your Institution
Course
PROJECT 1 LAB REPORT
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Inorganic Contaminants Present in Water Samples
Introduction
The identification of poisonous and toxic substances is the subject of toxicological
chemistry, which envelops interdisciplinary science into attempting to develop a new
methodology for identifying and distinguishing poisonous and toxic substances in numerous
items. Toxins and contaminants that are found in the water, food, air and almost all around us are
mainly found through toxicology. Nevertheless, toxicology is the science that is likewise utilized
in approximating drug lethality, in recognizing poisons in crime scene investigation, and in postmortems analyses. Finding hints of synthetic substances and chemicals in the laboratory setting
from a crime scene is a true utilization of this research, as well as identifying which substance is
and the amount necessary for trying to settle a homicide. Legal medicine researchers utilize a
test, like our own used in this project, to find the unknown sample. Identifying the composition,
quality, identity and impurities of substances in question can be done by the scientist by utilizing
a chemical composition analysis test. We were given for this project a sample from a chemical
for which we directed a set of tests to distinguish the contaminant. Each test led by our research
team had a role in determining the characteristics of the unknown solid chemical that we got.
New and old concepts for the research team were used in this project. Stoichiometry,
precipitation reactions, systematic error finding were some of them. It was also decided for this
study to encompass the concepts of several tests, such as the flame test, conductivity test, ions
analysis, gravimetric analysis, titration and calculating volumes at various accuracy levels.
Another decision taken was to perform the tests on a soluble substance rather than on a solid one,
so the scientists changed the aggregation state into a solution to be able to test all the methods
listed above. The main target of this study was to distinguish the obscure substance given
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utilizing a subjective investigation and to figure out which test is best to use to recognize the
unknown substance. After doing small research over photos of substances that were probably to
be involved in this study, as well as comparing it with other solids, the scientists' prediction was
that the unknown chemical given was Ca(NO3)2. From the learned and used concepts listed
above, three of them were initially performed to quickly eliminate the non-plausible hypothesis.
The flame, the pH test, and the conductivity test were the initial main focus of the research team.
The pH test measured the acidity and basicity of a given solution, the flame test was performed
to identify some of the compounds of the given chemical because each chemical has specific
colours. Finally, the substance was converted from solid state to a solution, for the conductivity
test to be properly performed, which was used to find out if the chemical is an electric conductor
or not.
Methods
Part 1
The materials used for this research project were the following: 1) conductivity meter, 2)
Bunsen burner, 3) basic laboratory glassware, including test tubes, beakers and Erlenmeyer
flasks, 4) pH meter, 5) chemicals, and 6) wire loop. The study sample was determined by the
research team based on the chemical and physical characteristics of the unknown substance. As
mentioned, four main tests were performed to narrow down which substance the unknown could
be.
For the fire test, a metal wire circle was dunked into hydrochloric acid and flushed with
refined water, at that point secured with the unknown chemical. The colour of the fire was
observed and noted, but also as of whether the unknown liquefied (melted). The fire colours of
every one of the synthetic concoctions being contrasted with the unknown were recorded. Also,
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the liquefying means of every one of the substances were likewise recorded. The softening point
could be contrasted with the temperature of the fire, for which a higher temperature would show
that the chemical will not melt.
The second test performed was the pH-metry, to identify the chemical as a neutral, acidic
or base. For that, a small measure of the unknown chemical was dissolved in refined (distilled)
water, after which a pH strip was put in the obtained arrangement. The colour it transformed was
noted and the classified into either a base, neutral or acid. The pH of every one of alternate
synthetics was inquired about, recorded, and contrasted with the unspecified substance.
Testing for solubility was the third test, where small amounts of the unspecified chemical
were place...