Position Paper

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Assignment 3: Position Paper

Due Week 8 and worth 220 points

This is a continuation of the first and second assignments and uses your accumulated research. Imagine you are two different lobbyists, supporting two different sides of the policy issue you wrote about in Assignment 2.

Submit your Assignment 1 and 2 revisions based on your professor’s feedback. You will be graded on your revisions. Then, write a 4-5 page paper in which you:

  1. Write a one-page position in favor of the policy.
  2. Write a one-page position against the policy.
  3. Write a one-page response to the argument in favor of the policy.
  4. Write a one-page response to the argument against the policy.
  5. Use at least two (2) of the following arguments from Chapter 10 in your paper: normative, positive, anecdote, and evidence arguments. Clearly label these to receive credit.
  6. Include at least four (4) peer-reviewed references (no more than five [5] years old) from material outside the textbook. Note: Appropriate peer-reviewed references include scholarly articles and governmental Websites. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any other Websites ending in anything other than “.gov” do not qualify as peer-reviewed.

Note: The Assignment 1 and 2 revisions must flow together with Assignment 3 as one seamless paper.

Your assignment must:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the tile of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length. The Assignment 1 and 2 revisions are not included in the required page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Analyze how historical trends and conditions have affected social, political, and management theories, and how they have influenced the evolution of public administration in theory and practice.
  • Understand how relationships between participants in the policy process (including official and nonofficial actors) influence the policy process.
  • Interpret what public policy is and how it is created.
  • Understand the different policy types, and how policy type influences policy design, policy tool choice, and implementation.
  • Analyze ethical issues and standards that influence public policy.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues and in politics, policy, and ethics in the public sector.
  • Write clearly and concisely about policy for issues in politics, policy, and ethics in the public sector using proper writing mechanics.

I included the first 2 papers.

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Running head: ENHANCED GUN REGUALTIONS Enhanced Gun Regulations Natashia Richmond PAD 510 Dr. Timothy Smith February 10, 2019 1 ENHANCED GUN REGULATIONS 2 Executive Summary The problem of misuse of firearms is becoming an increasingly complex challenge in the United States. In the recent past, the country has witnessed a tremendous increase in the cases of violence, mass shootings and other forms of gun misuse, which have threatened homeland security. While the possession of guns is a right that Americans are not ready to surrender to the government, it has increasingly become clear that gun-related violence is rising in the country and it is increasingly becoming difficult to avoid suggestions of stricter gun controls. In the recent past, the government has made unsuccessful efforts to introduce gun controls. The efforts have always faced rejection from pro-gun activists who believe that these gun reforms will in the future led to the dispossession of the guns from Americans. However, the intention of this paper is not to develop strategies that would end up with the taking of guns away from the people. However, the paper seeks to illustrate that stricter gun controls are aimed at improving the accountability of gun owners to the use of their firearm while at the same time making sure that guns do not land in the hands of wrong people. The first ides, which the enhanced gun-use regulations seek to address, is advanced background checks on the persons who seek to, use guns. Today, the people who are on the radar of the country's police systems for a wide range of criminal activities including terrorism have an easy to access to guns. Individuals who are being monitored by the law enforcement authorities for alleged criminal activities need not be allowed to acquire guns. Besides, the changes need to include a clause, which prohibits individuals who have had a history of misusing their weapons from accessing guns. These policies will help make sure the gun owners are responsible for their use of guns. It must, however, be clear that the primary intention of gun controls is to improve public safety and security rather than to cause harm or take away the right of any American to own a gun. ENHANCED GUN REGULATIONS 3 The players in gun control Gun control has a wide range of players or stakeholders. Since it is a matter of law and public safety, the government and the legislative authorities play central roles. The following is a discussion of the players in gun control; The government The central government is responsible for the maintenance of public safety. It I tasked with the duty of making sure that all the gun owners use their weapons responsibly. When there are security issues in the country, the government is to blame. Thus, when there are cases of gun misuse, the government needs to be concerned (Goodman & Perry, 2018). Roles and functions of the government The most important role of the government in gun controls is to initiate and implement gun regulations. Since it is the government, which maintains public safety, it is tasked with the responsibility of making sure that there are effective policies which will protect the interests of all Americans. Besides, it is the government that carries out an analysis of whether or not gun holders are using their weapons responsibly. Finally, the government is charged with the responsibility of securing and protecting the rights of all Americans. The legislature Law-Making organs play an incredibly important role in the creation of laws, rules, and regulations concerning the use of guns in the United States. For any changes to be made on gun laws, Congress will have to be involved. In the recent past, there has been a standoff between the administration of President Donald Trump and the Congress over gun regulations. The executive ENHANCED GUN REGULATIONS 4 has been making efforts to push for some gun reforms, but Congress has dismissed some of the suggestions. Roles of the legislature Concerning gun regulations, the primary function of Congress is to make laws. When developing gun regulations, there are certain elements that will require legislation. On the other side, Congress also serves to offer checks and balances against the executive in the management of gun regulations (Hamilton & Kposowa, 2015). In this regard, Congress makes sure that the government acts within the dictates of the law as it seeks to regulate gun ownership and use. The civil rights organizations The term civil society may be used to mean civil rights organizations. These are nongovernmental organizations whose primary role is to make sure that the fundamental rights of the people are respected. These organizations would raise their voices when they suspect that the rights of the people are being violated by any action of the government or other authorities (McClean, 2015). The role of the civil rights organizations Civil rights organizations make sure that the government does not infringe upon the rights of the people to possess and use firearms. Civil society plays an important role in making sure that the government does not overstep its mandate gun control approaches. The members of the public Members of the public are the primary stakeholders in gun control since it is all about them. When decisions are being made regarding the most suitable gun regulations in the country, ENHANCED GUN REGULATIONS 5 there is always focus on the extent to which the gun controls would affect the members of the public. Roles of the public The public has a role to make sure that the actions of the government do not infringe upon the rights of the members of the public. In the United States, the voices of the people are important in the determination of the laws and policies, which are created. The political influence of two players The government The government is an incredibly powerful player in the gun controls debate. The government can initiate debate and push for its adoption in Congress. When the government acts, it is expected that it should be acting for the interest of the people. That is the motive of government action. Besides, there is a conflict between what the government wants and what the people want. While people expect the government to please their interests in its actions, the government wants to do anything within its powers to enforce gun regulations (Kleck et al., 2016). Nonetheless, there is an interrelationship between the government and the people it serves. The government relies on the goodwill of the people it helps for it to be effective. On the other side, people need the government to deliver its mandate of offering services to the people. The Civil society Society is an essential element of gun regulation. The civil society is revered because it is largely assumed that it is neutral and speaks for the voiceless. In this regard, the Civil Society wields a lot of influence in the country. The primary motive of civil society is to make sure that ENHANCED GUN REGULATIONS 6 the fundamental rights of the people are respected. However, civil society requires the support of other organizations such as Congress to execute its functions. It is impossible for the Civil Society to work effectively if they do not play a role in the legislative processes in the country. ENHANCED GUN REGULATIONS 7 References Goodman, S., & Perry, B. (2018). The American Gun Control Debate: A Discursive Analysis. In Discourse, Peace, and Conflict (pp. 67-82). Springer, Cham. Hamilton, D., & Kposowa, A. J. (2015). Firearms and violent death in the United States: Gun ownership, gun control, and mortality rates in 16 states, 2005–2009. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 7, 84-98. Kleck, G., Kovandzic, T., & Bellows, J. (2016). Does gun control reduce violent crime?. Criminal justice review, 41(4), 488-513. McLean, D. S. (2015). Guns in the Anglo-American democracies: explaining an American exception. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 53(3), 233-252. Running head: PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS Public Policy Analysis Natashia Richmond PAD 510 Professor Dr. Timothy Smith Date: January 20, 2019 1 PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS 2 Public Policy Analysis President Obama and President Trump’s Immigration policies Introduction The issue of immigration is one of the most emotive policy issues in the United States. During each electioneering cycle, candidates for public officers have always given Americans promises on how they plan to deal with immigration. There are several reasons that make immigration policies incredibly important in this period. Since 9/11 the United States has recognized immigration as one of the primary issues to address in order to make the country secure. There are allegations that immigration is a threat to national security and there is a need to make sure that there is a limitation to the number of immigrants who get into the country. It is also important to note that immigration has economic ramifications and the country has been making efforts to contain the influx of immigrants into the county. While Presidents Obama and Trump share some policy approaches in dealing with immigration, there are also incredible differences in the policy approaches that President Obama took and the approach that is currently being used by President Trump. The historical perspective and context of the policy President Barrack Obama took a strong stance against unregistered immigrants in the county. In his eight-year term, President Barrack Obama deported more than two million undocumented immigrants, a number that exceeds deportations that were done by his two immediate successors. The term ‘2014 immigration crisis’ has always been used to refer to the tremendous increase in the numbers of women and unaccompanied children into the United States. According to the United States immigration laws, unaccompanied children do not have PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS 3 immigration status due to their vulnerability. In 2014, tens of thousands of unaccompanied children from Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador immigrated into the United States, prompting the government to take actions to deport them (Suro et al., 2015). The government faced a real problem in the sense that the economic and socio-cultural aspects of American society were being threatened by this influx of immigrants. President Donald Trump faces the same fate as his predecessor. In recent years, huge numbers of immigrants have been coming through the border with Mexico and most of them are women and children. To deal with these problems, President Donald Trump has proposed a number of policies that he intends to use to prevent this trend. During the presidential campaigns, President Trump promised a wall at the United States' border with Mexico. At the moment, there is a huge struggle, which has led to the partial government shutdown, between the Executive and Congress over the finances for the wall. While the Executive has asked Congress to allocate funds for this project, the Democrats-controlled house does not agree with this position. Apart from the border wall, President Trump issued executive orders to separate children from their mothers; a decision that has been condemned not only within the county but also by other international organizations (Chen, 2017). Whether the policies are appropriate or not, what is clear is that the two administrations faced and continued to face an unprecedented influx of immigrants into the country. Whichever way, the two administrations were faced and are still faced with decisions that they had to make concerning the immigration. PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS 4 The social, economic, and political environments for the times the policy was discussed or implemented The social, economic and political environments in which the policies were implemented were critical in determining whether the policies are to be successful or not. Under the reign of President Obama, there was massive political goodwill that helped him in the implementation of the policy. President Obama had support across the political divide, and that was helpful for the administration. It is also important to note that during President Obama's first term, the country experienced a devastating economic meltdown. While this economic situation was not in any way related to the issue of immigration, it was, however, notable that some groups of people seeking to associate the economic situation with immigration (Ting, 2016). In this regard, it was very easy to convince the Americas to support the policy, and that introduces the social aspect of the environment. Americans had been made to believe that immigration was the cause of the problems they faced and that made them support the policies. Under the President Trump regime, however, the environment has changed significantly. Socially, the perception on immigration has not changed, and many people still believe that immigration plays an important role in shaping some of the challenges that the country faces. However, the political landscape has changed. While President Obama's policy received the backing of a cross-section of the political class, it is notable that President Trump's policy is facing resistance from various quarters. For the success of the policy, it is important to make sure that there is sufficient political support. The absence of this support is likely to derail the implementation of the policy (Mayda & Peri, 2017). It is also important to note that there have been changes in the economic landscape of the country. While the first term of President Obama PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS 5 was characterized by a wide range of economic challenges, the administration of President Trump has witnessed a largely stable economic environment. The effectiveness of the policy It is not in doubt that uncontrolled immigration presents wide social and economic impacts on the United States. In response to these threats, immigration policy o deportation and limiting immigration have been developed. Both President Obama and President Trump adopted a wide range of approaches including deportations to deal with illegal immigration. While appreciating the challenges that these policies face, including insensitivity to human rights issues, it must be clear that uncontrolled immigrating presents a wide range of challenges to the country. If the policy gets support from the public and the political class, it is possible that the policy may be crucial in making sure that the country remains stable economically while at the same time minimizing security threats such as terrorism. PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS 6 References Chen, M. H. (2017). Administrator-in-Chief in the Trump Era of Immigration Enforcement. Admin. L. Rev, 347. Mayda, A. M., & Peri, G. (2017). The economic impact of US immigration policies in the Age of Trump. Economics and Policy in the Age of Trump, 69. Suro, R., Suárez-Orozco, M. M., & Canizales, S. L. (2015). Removing Insecurity: How American Children Will Benefit from President Obama's Executive Action on Immigration. Tomas Rivera Policy Institute. Ting, J. C. (2016). US Immigration Policy and President Obama's Executive Order for Deferred Action. Syracuse L. Rev., 66, 65.
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Running head: POSITION PAPER

1

Position Paper
Name
Course
Professor
Date

POSITION PAPER

2
Public Policy Analysis

President Obama and President Trump’s Immigration policies
Introduction
The issue of immigration is one of the most emotive policy issues in the United States.
During each electioneering cycle, candidates for public officers have always given Americans
promises on how they plan to deal with immigration. There are several reasons that make
immigration policies incredibly important in this period. Since 9/11 the United States has
recognized immigration as one of the primary issues to address in order to make the country
secure. There are allegations that immigration is a threat to national security and there is a need
to make sure that there is a limitation to the number of immigrants who get into the country. It is
also important to note that immigration has economic ramifications and the country has been
making efforts to contain the influx of immigrants into the county. While Presidents Obama and
Trump share some policy approaches in dealing with immigration, there are also incredible
differences in the policy approaches that President Obama took and the approach that is currently
being used by President Trump.
The historical perspective and context of the policy
President Barrack Obama took a strong stance against unregistered immigrants in the
county. In his eight-year term, President Barrack Obama deported more than two million
undocumented immigrants, a number that exceeds deportations that were done by his two
immediate successors. The term ‘2014 immigration crisis’ has always been used to refer to the
tremendous increase in the numbers of women and unaccompanied children into the United
States. According to the United States immigration laws, unaccompanied children do not have

POSITION PAPER

3

immigration status due to their vulnerability. In 2014, tens of thousands of unaccompanied
children from Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador immigrated into the United States,
prompting the government to take actions to deport them (Suro et al., 2015). The government
faced a real problem in the sense that the economic and socio-cultural aspects of American
society were being threatened by this influx of immigrants.
President Donald Trump faces the same fate as his predecessor. In recent years, huge
numbers of immigrants have been coming through the border with Mexico and most of them are
women and children. To deal with these problems, President Donald Trump has proposed a
number of policies that he intends to use to prevent this trend. During the presidential campaigns,
President Trump promised a wall at the United States' border with Mexico. At the moment, there
is a huge struggle, which has led to the partial government shutdown, between the Executive and
Congress over the finances for the wall. While the Executive has asked Congress to allocate
funds for this project, the Democrats-controlled house does not agree with this position. Apart
from the border wall, President Trump issued executive orders to separate children from their
mothers; a decision that has been condemned not only within the county but also by other
international organizations (Chen, 2017). Whether the policies are appropriate or not, what is
clear is that the two administrations faced and continued to face an unprecedented influx of
immigrants into the country. Whichever way, the two administrations were faced and are still
faced with decisions that they had to make concerning the immigration.

POSITION PAPER

4

The social, economic, and political environments for the times the policy was discussed or
implemented
The social, economic and political environments in which the policies were implemented
were critical in determining whether the policies are to be successful or not. Under the reign of
President Obama, there was massive political goodwill that helped him in the implementation of
the policy. President Obama had support across the political divide, and that was helpful for the
administration. It is also important to note that during President Obama's first term, the country
experienced a devastating economic meltdown. While this economic situation was not in any
way related to the issue of immigration, it was, however, notable that some groups of people
seeking to associate the economic situation with immigration (Ting, 2016). In this regard, it was
very easy to convince the Americas to support the policy, and that introduces the social aspect of
the environment. Americans had been made to believe that immigration was the cause of the
problems they faced and that made them support the poli...


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