www.pewresearch.org
AUGUST 26, 2013
Home Broadband 2013
Some 70% of American adults have a high-speed broadband connection at home; an
additional 10% of Americans lack home broadband but do own a smartphone. And
20% of Americans have neither a home broadband connection nor a smartphone.
Kathryn Zickuhr
Research Associate, Pew Internet Project
Aaron Smith
Senior Researcher, Pew Internet Project
http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Broadband.aspx
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project
1615 L St., N.W., Suite 700
Washington, D.C. 20036
Media Inquiries:
202.419.4500
Trends and demographic differences in home broadband adoption
As of May 2013, 70% of American adults ages 18 and older have a high-speed broadband connection at
home, according to a nationally representative survey by the Pew Research Center’s Internet &
American Life Project. This is a small but statistically significant rise from the 66% of adults who said they
had home broadband in April 2012.
Home broadband vs. dial-up, 2000-2013
Among all American adults ages 18 and older, the % who access the internet at home via dial-up or
high-speed broadband connection, over time. As of May 2013, 70% of adults have home broadband.
Dial-up
Broadband
80%
66%
70%
63%
50%
41%
34%
42%
38% 37%
30%
16%
20%
3%
6%
11%
28%
24%
47%
33%
30%
10%
70%
55%
60%
40%
62%
66%
23%
15%
10%
7%
5%
3%
3%
3%
0%
June April March March April March March March April April May Aug April May
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Pew Internet & American Life Project Surveys, March 2000-May 2013. Question wording has
changed slightly over time. Our method for measuring home internet use changed in 2011, which
would contribute to the seeming decline in adoption. See Methods section for more information.
See also: http://pewinternet.org/Trend-Data/Home-Broadband-Adoption.aspx
The demographic factors most correlated with home broadband adoption continue to be educational
attainment, age, and household income. Almost nine in ten college graduates have high-speed internet
at home, compared with just 37% of adults who have not completed high school. Similarly, adults under
age 50 are more likely than older adults to have broadband at home, and those living in households
earning at least $50,000 per year are more likely to have home broadband than those at lower income
levels.
pewinternet.org
2
Home broadband demographics 2013
Among all American adults ages 18 and older, the % in each group who
have a high-speed broadband connection at home
% with home
broadband
All Americans ages 18+ (n=2,252)
70%
a
Men (n=1,029)
71
b
Women (n=1,223)
69
Race/ethnicity
bc
a
White, Non-Hispanic (n=1,571)
74
b
Black, Non-Hispanic (n=252)
64
c
Hispanic (English- and Spanish-speaking) (n=249)
53
c
Age
cd
a
18-29 (n=404)
80
b
30-49 (n=577)
78
c
50-64 (n=641)
69
d
65+ (n=570)
43
cd
d
Education attainment
a
No high school diploma (n=580)
37
b
High school grad (n=374)
57
c
Some College (n=298)
78
d
College + (n=582)
89
a
ab
abc
Household income
a
Less than $30,000/yr (n=417)
54
b
$30,000-$49,999 (n=320)
70
c
$50,000-$74,999 (n=279)
84
d
$75,000+ (n=559)
88
a
ab
ab
Urbanity
c
a
Urban (n=763)
70
b
Suburban (n=1,037)
73
c
Rural (n=450)
62
c
Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project Spring Tracking
Survey, April 17 – May 19, 2013. N=2,252 adults ages 18+. Interviews were
conducted in English and Spanish and on landline and cell phones. The margin of
error for results based on all adults is +/- 2.3 percentage points.
a
Note: Percentages marked with a superscript letter (e.g., ) indicate a statistically
significant difference between that row and the row designated by that
superscript letter, among categories of each demographic characteristic (e.g. age).
pewinternet.org
3
Smartphones and broadband
In recent years internet-connected mobile devices such as smartphones have exploded in popularity,
offering an alternate form of “home” internet access. Today 56% of American adults own a smartphone
of some kind, compared with 70% who have broadband at home. 1
There is no widespread consensus as to whether 3G or 4G smartphones qualify as “broadband” speed,
and many would question whether they offer the same utility to users as a dedicated home internet
connection (activities such as updating a resume, filing taxes, or viewing educational content are
certainly more challenging on a smartphone operating over a cell phone network, than on a broadbandconnected home computer). For these reasons, smartphones are qualitatively distinct enough that we
do not include them in our standard definition of what constitutes a “broadband user.”
At the same time, smartphones do offer a potential source of online access to individuals who might
otherwise lack the ability to go online at all from within the home, even if that access is somewhat
limited in comparison. And indeed, 10% of Americans indicate that they do not have a broadband
connection at home but that they do own a smartphone (another way to say this is that 32% of nonbroadband users own a smartphone). If we include that 10% of Americans with the 70% who have
traditional broadband, that means that 80% of Americans have either a broadband connection, a
smartphone, or both. Here is how the 80% breaks down:
46% of Americans have both a home broadband connection and a smartphone
24% have a home broadband connection, but not a smartphone
10% have a smartphone, but not a home broadband connection
The remaining 20% of Americans have neither a home broadband connection nor a smartphone.
Including smartphones in the definition of home broadband access helps narrow the differences
between some demographic groups, but widens the gap between others. Differences between racial
and ethnic groups are an example of smartphones narrowing the “broadband gap”: While blacks and
Latinos are less likely to have access to home broadband than whites, their use of smartphones nearly
eliminates that difference.2
On the other hand, including smartphones in our broadband definition actually exacerbates differences
in broadband adoption rates between young and old. Looking just at our standard definition of home
broadband adoption, we find that 80% of young adults ages 18-29 have a high-speed broadband at
home, compared with 43% of seniors ages 65 and older—a gap of 37 percentage points. If we include
smartphone ownership in our definition of home broadband, this gap actually increases to 49
percentage points, because young adults are more likely than seniors to own smartphones as well.
Adding smartphone ownership to home broadband use, we see that the proportion of young adults who
have ”home broadband” under this definition increases from 80% to 95%, while including smartphones
has no discernible impact on access rates for seniors—the 46% of seniors who have broadband or a
smartphone is little different from the 43% who have broadband at all.
1
Aaron Smith, “Smartphone Ownership 2013.” http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Smartphone-Ownership2013.aspx
2
The US Census Bureau has found similar trends in its own research. See Thom File, U.S. Census Bureau,
“Computer and Internet Use in the United States.” Issued May 2013, based on the July 2011 Current Population
Survey. http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/p20-569.pdf pp 11-13.
pewinternet.org
4
Broadband and smartphone adoption
Among all American adults ages 18 and older, the % in each group who…
All adults
a
Men (n=1029)
Women (n=1223)
b
Race/ethnicity
a
b
White, Non-Hispanic (n=1571)
Black, Non-Hispanic (n=252)
Hispanic (n=249)
c
Age
a
18-29 (n=404)
Have broadband
at home
Have home
broadband or
smartphone
Difference
70%
80%
+10
71
81
+10
69
78
+9
bc
80
+6
c
64
79
+15
53
75
+22
74
cd
80
cd
bcd
+15
cd
+11
95
b
30-49 (n=577)
78
c
50-64 (n=641)
69
77
d
+8
43
46
+3
37
52
+15
a
a
+13
ab
+9
abc
+4
65+ (n=570)
d
Education attainment
a
No high school diploma (n=168)
d
b
High school grad (n=630)
57
c
Some College (n=588)
78
d
College + (n=834)
ab
abc
89
89
70
87
93
Household income
a
b
c
d
Less than $30,000/yr (n=580)
$30,000-$49,999 (n=374)
$50,000-$74,999 (n=298)
$75,000+ (n=582)
54
67
a
b
+9
ab
+7
ab
+7
c
+10
c
70
ab
84
ab
88
79
91
95
+13
Urbanity
a
Urban (n=763)
c
70
c
80
b
Suburban (n=1037)
73
83
+10
c
Rural (n=450)
62
70
+8
Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project Spring Tracking Survey, April 17 – May 19,
2013. N=2,252 adults ages 18+. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish and on landline and cell
phones. The margin of error for results based on all adults is +/- 2.3 percentage points.
a
Note: Percentages marked with a superscript letter (e.g., ) indicate a statistically significant difference
between that row and the row designated by that superscript letter, among categories of each demographic
characteristic (e.g. age).
pewinternet.org
5
Further reading on broadband access and adoption
The Census Bureau’s July 2011 Current Population Survey found that about 98% of U.S. households live
in areas where they have access to broadband Internet connections as of July 2011, although only 69%
of households used broadband at home. 3 (According to the National Telecommunications and
Information Administration and the Economics and Statistics Administration, the proportion of
Americans households with home broadband rose to 72% as of October 2012.) In April 2009, Pew
Internet asked adults who had dial-up internet at home what it would take for them to switch to a
broadband connection. A plurality (35%) said the price would have to fall, 17% said it would have to
become available where they live, and one in five (20%) said nothing would get them to change.4
In May 2010, Pew Internet found that Americans generally feel that individuals who do not have
broadband at home are at a major disadvantage when it comes to finding out about job opportunities or
learning career skills, or when getting health information, learning new things for personal enrichment,
and using government services. However, nearly half of adults felt that those without broadband access
are not at a disadvantage when it comes to keeping up with news and information or keeping up with
what is happening in one’s local community. Minority Americans were more likely to see a lack of
broadband access as a major hindrance to accomplishing numerous tasks, while older adults (specifically
those ages 65 and older) were less likely to see the drawbacks of a lack of high-speed access. 5
3
“Exploring the Digital Nation: America’s Emerging Online Experience.” National Telecommunications and
Information Administration and Economics and Statistics Administration, June 2013.
http://www.ntia.doc.gov/report/2013/exploring-digital-nation-americas-emerging-online-experience pp 1-2.
See also: http://www.broadbandmap.gov/
4
John Horrigan, “Home Broadband Adoption 2009.” http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2009/10-Home-BroadbandAdoption-2009.aspx
5
Aaron Smith, “Home Broadband 2010.” http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Home-Broadband-2010.aspx
One in ten Americans (11%) said that expanding high speed access to everyone in the country should be a “top
priority,” while three in ten (30%) felt that it is “important, but a lower priority.” One quarter each said that federal
promotion of broadband expansion is “not too important” (27%) or “should not be done” (26%).
pewinternet.org
6
Survey Questions
Spring 2013 Tracking Survey
Final Topline
5/21/2013
Data for April 17-May 19, 2013
Princeton Survey Research Associates International for
the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project
Sample: n=2,252 national adults, age 18 and older, including 1,127 cell phone interviews
Interviewing dates: 04.17.2013 – 05.19.2013
Margin of error is plus or minus 2.3 percentage points for results based on Total [n=2,252]
Margin of error is plus or minus 2.5 percentage points for results based on all internet users [n=1,895]
Margin of error is plus or minus 2.4 percentage points for results based on all cell phone owners [n=2,076]
Do you use the internet, at least occasionally?
EMLOCC Do you send or receive email, at least occasionally?
EMINUSE Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
INTMOBDo you access the internet on a cell phone, tablet or other mobile handheld device, at
least occasionally?6
INTUSE
USES INTERNET
Current
December 2012
September 2012
August 2012
April 2012
February 2012
85
81
81
85
82
80
DOES NOT USE
INTERNET
15
19
19
15
18
20
INTUSE/EMLOCC/EMINUSE/INTMOB continued...
6
The definition of an internet user varies from survey to survey. In the current survey, half the sample was asked
INTUSE/EMLOCC/INTMOB and half was asked EMINUSE/INTMOB. Current results are for both forms combined.
Throughout the current topline, total internet users are defined as those who answered yes to any question
INTUSE, EMLOCC, EMINUSE or INTMOB. From April 2012 thru December 2012, an internet user is someone who
uses the internet at least occasionally, sends/receives email at least occasionally or accesses the internet a mobile
device (three-part definition with question wording “Do you use the internet, at least occasionally?” OR “Do you
send or receive email, at least occasionally?” OR “Do you access the internet on a cell phone, tablet or other
mobile handheld device, at least occasionally?”). From January 2005 thru February 2012, an internet user is
someone who uses the internet at least occasionally or sends/receives email at least occasionally (two-part
definition with question wording “Do you use the internet, at least occasionally?” OR “Do you send or receive
email, at least occasionally?”). Prior to January 2005, an internet user is someone who goes online to access the
internet or to send and receive email (question wording “Do you ever go online to access the Internet or World
Wide Web or to send and receive email?”).
pewinternet.org
7
INTUSE/EMLOCC/ EMINUSE/INTMOB continued...
December 2011
August 2011
May 2011
January 2011
December 2010
November 2010
September 2010
May 2010
January 2010
December 2009
September 2009
April 2009
December 2008
November 2008
August 2008
July 2008
May 2008
April 2008
January 2008
December 2007
September 2007
February 2007
December 2006
November 2006
August 2006
April 2006
February 2006
December 2005
September 2005
June 2005
February 2005
January 2005
Nov 23-30, 2004
November 2004
July 2004
June 2004
March 2004
February 2004
November 2003
August 2003
June 2003
May 2003
March 3-11, 2003
February 2003
pewinternet.org
USES INTERNET
DOES NOT USE
INTERNET
82
78
78
79
77
74
74
79
75
74
77
79
74
74
75
77
73
73
70
75
73
71
70
68
70
73
73
66
72
68
67
66
59
61
67
63
69
63
64
63
62
63
62
64
18
22
22
21
23
26
26
21
25
26
23
21
26
26
25
23
27
27
30
25
27
29
30
32
30
27
27
34
28
32
33
34
41
39
33
37
31
37
36
37
38
37
38
36
8
HOME3NW
Do you ever use the internet or email at HOME?7
Based on all internet users [N=1,895]
Current
December 2012
April 2012
February 2012
August 2011
May 2011
January 2011
December 2010
November 2010
September 2010
May 2010
January 2010
December 2009
September 2009
April 2009
December 2008
November 2008
August 2008
July 2008
May 2008
December 2007
September 2007
February 2007
November 2006
February 2006
June 2005
July 2004
March 2004
YES
NO
DON’T KNOW
REFUSED
90
90
89
90
90
88
89
95
95
95
94
94
93
92
91
92
93
93
93
95
94
93
95
93
94
90
94
92
10
10
11
10
10
12
11
4
4
5
6
6
6
6
8
6
7
7
7
6
7
6
5
7
6
10
7
8
0
0
0
*
0
0
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
0
0
*
0
*
0
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
------------
7
In December 2012, question wording was: “Do you ever use the internet AT HOME?” In January 2011 and May
2011, question wording was: “Do you ever use the internet or email from home?” December 2010 and earlier
trend wording was as follows: “About how often do you use the internet or email from... HOME – several times a
day, about once a day, 3-5 days a week, 1-2 days a week, every few weeks, less often or never?” Results shown
here for “YES” reflect combined “Several times a day,” “About once a day,” “3-5 days a week,” “1-2 days a week,”
“Every few weeks,” and “Less often” responses. Results shown here for “NO” reflect “Never” responses.
pewinternet.org
9
MODEM4B
At home, do you connect to the internet through a dial-up telephone line, or do you have some other type of connection,
such as a DSL-enabled phone line, a cable TV modem, a wireless connection, or a fiber optic connection such as FIOS?8
Based on those who use the internet at home
Current [N=1,727]
Dec 2012 [N=1,645]
Nov 2012 [N=1,770]
April 2012 [N=1,631]
Feb 2012 [N=1,572]
Aug 2011 [N=1,565]
May 2011 [N=1,518]
Jan 2011 [N=1,610]
Dec 2010 [N=1,731]
Nov 2010 [N=1,560]
Sept 2010 [N=1,947]
May 2010 [N=1,659]
Jan 2010 [N=1,573]
Dec 2009 [N=1,582]
Sept 2009 [N=1,584]
April 2009 [N=1,567]
DIAL-UP
TOTAL
HIGH
SPEED
4
4
4
4
4
5
6
4
6
6
7
7
7
9
7
9
92
90
88
90
90
89
88
88
85
86
86
86
88
86
87
86
--------DSL
--------CABLE
MODEM
--------WIRELESS
18
18
18
20
21
22
25
28
27
28
29
27
29
28
30
29
31
33
34
33
35
34
31
33
33
33
31
33
38
37
37
36
33
30
28
30
28
26
29
22
19
20
20
20
18
17
15
15
--------FIBER
OPTIC
8
5
6
6
5
5
4
5
5
5
6
5
4
3
4
4
9
--------T-1
--------(VOL.)
OTHER
BROADBAND
--------(VOL.)
BROADBAND
COMBO
(VOL.)
NO HOME
NET
ACCESS
(VOL.)
ACCESS
NET ON
CELL
ONLY
n/a
1
1
*
1
*
*
1
*
1
1
1
*
1
*
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
*
0
*
*
*
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
*
*
*
*
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
2
2
1
2
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
(VOL.)
NONE OF
THE
ABOVE
10
DK
8
December 2012 and earlier trend question wording included “T-1” as a read category. From September 2009 thru January 2010, the question asking about
type of home internet connection (MODEM) was form split. MODEMA was asked of Form A respondents who use the internet from home. MODEMB was
asked of Form B respondents who use the internet from home. Trend results shown here reflect combined MODEMA and MODEMB percentages. Form B
respondents who answered “satellite,” fixed wireless provider,” or “other wireless such as an Aircard or cell phone” have been combined in the “Wireless”
column in the table.
9
In Sept. 2007 and before, “Fiber optic connection” and “T-1 connection” were collapsed into one category. Percentage for “Fiber optic connection” reflects
the combined “Fiber-optic/T-1” group.
10
May 2011 and earlier trend percentages for “None of the above” reflect “Other (SPECIFY)” responses.
REF.
*
2
*
*
3
1
*
4
*
*
4
*
1
3
*
1
3
*
1
3
1
2
4
1
2
6
2
2
4
2
2
4
1
2
4
1
1
3
1
2
4
1
2
3
2
2
3
1
MODEM4B continued...
MODEM4B continued...
DIAL-UP
TOTAL
HIGH
SPEED
13
12
13
14
15
18
20
23
28
35
44
47
48
55
62
80
82
81
81
79
77
73
70
68
61
53
50
50
42
35
Dec 2008 [N=1,538]
Nov 2008 [N=1,481]
Aug 2008 [N=1,543]
July 2008 [N=1,797]
May 2008 [N=1,463]
Dec 2007 [N=1,483]
Sept 2007 [N=1,575]
Feb 2007 [N=1,406]
Aug 2006 [N=1,787]
Dec 2005 [N=1,715]
June 2005 [N=1,204]
Feb 2005 [N=1,287]
Jan 2005 [N=1,261]
Feb 2004 [N=1,241]
Nov 2003 [N=1,199]
pewinternet.org
--------DSL
--------CABLE
MODEM
30
33
37
35
36
34
34
35
34
29
24
22
21
18
13
32
34
30
30
31
31
30
28
30
27
25
25
26
23
21
--------WIRELESS
--------FIBER
OPTIC
--------T-1
--------(VOL.)
OTHER
BROADBAND
15
13
10
13
9
10
8
6
3
4
3
3
2
1
1
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
*
*
*
1
1
*
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
--------(VOL.)
BROADBAND
COMBO
(VOL.)
NO HOME
NET
ACCESS
(VOL.)
ACCESS
NET ON
CELL
ONLY
(VOL.)
NONE OF
THE
ABOVE
DK
REF.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
5
4
5
3
6
6
3
3
1
3
1
2
2
----------------
11
Methods
This report is based on the findings of a survey on Americans' use of the Internet. The results in this
report are based on data from telephone interviews conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates
International from April 17 to May 19, 2013, among a sample of 2,252 adults, age 18 and older.
Telephone interviews were conducted in English and Spanish by landline (1,125) and cell phone (1,127,
including 571 without a landline phone). For results based on the total sample, one can say with 95%
confidence that the error attributable to sampling is plus or minus 2.3 percentage points. For results
based on Internet users11 (n=1,895), the margin of sampling error is plus or minus 2.5 percentage
points. In addition to sampling error, question wording and practical difficulties in conducting telephone
surveys may introduce some error or bias into the findings of opinion polls.
A combination of landline and cellular random digit dial (RDD) samples was used to represent all adults
in the United States who have access to either a landline or cellular telephone. Both samples were
provided by Survey Sampling International, LLC (SSI) according to PSRAI specifications. Numbers for the
landline sample were drawn with equal probabilities from active blocks (area code + exchange + twodigit block number) that contained three or more residential directory listings. The cellular sample was
not list-assisted, but was drawn through a systematic sampling from dedicated wireless 100-blocks and
shared service 100-blocks with no directory-listed landline numbers.
New sample was released daily and was kept in the field for at least five days. The sample was released
in replicates, which are representative subsamples of the larger population. This ensures that complete
call procedures were followed for the entire sample. At least 7 attempts were made to complete an
interview at a sampled telephone number. The calls were staggered over times of day and days of the
week to maximize the chances of making contact with a potential respondent. Each number received at
least one daytime call in an attempt to find someone available. For the landline sample, interviewers
asked to speak with the youngest adult male or female currently at home based on a random rotation. If
no male/female was available, interviewers asked to speak with the youngest adult of the other gender.
For the cellular sample, interviews were conducted with the person who answered the phone.
Interviewers verified that the person was an adult and in a safe place before administering the survey.
Cellular sample respondents were offered a post-paid cash incentive for their participation. All
interviews completed on any given day were considered to be the final sample for that day.
Weighting is generally used in survey analysis to compensate for sample designs and patterns of nonresponse that might bias results. A two-stage weighting procedure was used to weight this dual-frame
sample. The first-stage corrected for different probabilities of selection associated with the number of
11
Internet user definition includes those who use the internet or email at least occasionally or access the internet
on a mobile handheld device at least occasionally.
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adults in each household and each respondent’s telephone usage patterns.12 This weighting also adjusts
for the overlapping landline and cell sample frames and the relative sizes of each frame and each
sample.
The second stage of weighting balances sample demographics to population parameters. The sample is
balanced to match national population parameters for sex, age, education, race, Hispanic origin, region
(U.S. Census definitions), population density, and telephone usage. The Hispanic origin was split out
based on nativity; U.S born and non-U.S. born. The basic weighting parameters came from the US
Census Bureau’s 2011 American Community Survey data. The population density parameter was derived
from Census 2010 data. The telephone usage parameter came from an analysis of the January-June
2012 National Health Interview Survey.
Following is the full disposition of all sampled telephone numbers:
12
i.e., whether respondents have only a landline telephone, only a cell phone, or both kinds of telephone.
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Sample Disposition
Landline
Cell
41,291
24,698
Total Numbers Dialed
1,755
1,516
12
24,344
2,038
11,626
28.2%
411
88
---9,674
226
14,299
57.9%
Non-residential
Computer/Fax
Cell phone
Other not working
Additional projected not working
Working numbers
Working Rate
679
3,442
41
7,464
64.2%
75
3,668
16
10,540
73.7%
No Answer / Busy
Voice Mail
Other Non-Contact
Contacted numbers
Contact Rate
450
5,786
1,228
16.5%
1,537
7,097
1,906
18.1%
Callback
Refusal
Cooperating numbers
Cooperation Rate
45
---1,183
96.3%
68
684
1,154
60.5%
Language Barrier
Child's cell phone
Eligible numbers
Eligibility Rate
58
1,125
95.1%
27
1,127
97.7%
Break-off
Completes
Completion Rate
10.0%
13.0%
Response Rate
The disposition reports all of the sampled telephone numbers ever dialed from the original telephone
number samples. The response rate estimates the fraction of all eligible respondents in the sample that
were ultimately interviewed. At PSRAI it is calculated by taking the product of three component rates:
Contact rate – the proportion of working numbers where a request for interview was made
Cooperation rate – the proportion of contacted numbers where a consent for interview was at
least initially obtained, versus those refused
Completion rate – the proportion of initially cooperating and eligible interviews that were
completed
Thus the response rate for the landline sample was 10 percent. The response rate for the cellular sample
was 13 percent.
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