Recent research confirms that the demand for cigarettes is not only price inelastic, but it also indicates smokers with incomes in the lower half of all incomes respond to a given price increase by reducing their purchases by amounts that are more than four times as large as the purchase reductions made by smokers in the upper half of all incomes.  How can the income and substitution effects of a price change help explain this? Review price elasticity of demand and supply.  Price elasticity describes the sensitivity between quantity demanded/supplied and price when a change in price occurs.  A relatively lower change in quantity versus a change in price means the product is more price inelastic; a higher relative change in quantity versus a price change indicates more price elastic.  Review the substitution effect and income effect dynamics.

Q1- Research e-commerce security problems related to payment systems through the following:The Study of E-Commerce Security Issues and SolutionsSecurity Issues in E-CommerceGlobal eCommerce and Fraud Trends for 2016Select one security problem you have reviewed and discuss its components.No plagiarism please.Here is the answers from others. and choose any 2 to give them feedback from A-C 4 full sentences is fine for each feedbackA. E-commerce brings a great deal of convenience but there is a trade-off, it also raises our susceptibility for fraud. With this increased threat organizations have put different safeguards in place to help protect their consumers identity and finances. Some of these safeguards include using the GPS function on mobile devices, and flagging a transaction if it is occurring from an unusual geographic location. For instance, if you reside in Delaware and most of your transactions occur within the area, a transaction that has occurred in Hong Kong will be flagged as a potential fraud. Other methods include two-point identity verification - once you log into an account you will also have to type in a number that was sent to your phone through text message. This type of use of mobile devices will help curb the number of false frauds reported - where the system flags a transaction as fraud when in reality it is a legitimate transaction. These false fraud reports can hurt a business because it can cause customers to not use the organization's website. Organizations are seeing a new challenge with digital merchandise. An example of digital merchandise would be a digital gift card. This type of merchandise leaves businesses unable to traditional fraud detection methods, such as ensuring the billing and shipping address are within a certain distance to each other. This is simply because there is no need for a shipping address with digital merchandise. Other methods are available for this scenario however, such as tracking IP addresses, sites referred from, amount of time it took to complete the transaction, etc. Source: https://blog.riskified.com/global-ecommerce-and-fraud-trends-for-2016/B. Some E-commerce security issues arise from things like theft, denial of service, and unauthorized access. Unauthorized access is a huge one these days. At the rapid pace technology is growing, hackers are more easily getting into computer systems. Unauthorized access can lead to messages getting messed with, some sensitive information being let out, or even fixing data to be untrue in the system. Unauthorized access can lead to a world of issues!C. The credit card-based payment systems are the most widely used means of conducting online payments, and it is important to check to see if merchants store the transmitted data over secure channels encrypted. If the merchant stores the data unscrambled, hackers can easily gain accesses to customer information. In addition, it is important to check the address bar and make sure it displays https or look for the closed padlock to see if a website is secure. A missing “s” or unlocked padlock indicates that it is unsecure. Cheryl PriceSource: Niranjanamurthy M. DR. Dharmendra Chahar. The study of E-Commerce Security Issues andSolutions. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering. Vol. 2, Issue 7, July 2013Q2. What are some of the benefits of Storage Spaces?Why might you want to virtualize your disk drives?What is meant by resiliency with using Storage Spaces?Take a look at the following resources about Storage Spaces:Storage Spaces in Windows 10Storage Spaces in Windows 8, 8.1, and 10How to Use Storage SpaceNo plagiarism please.Here is the answers from others. and choose any 2 to give them feedback from A-C4 full sentences is fine for each feedbackA. 1) It protects you from physical failure and allows you to add more memory over time rather easily. It allows makes a copy of everything so if there is a failure, you have a backup of everything. 2) Virtualizing your disk drives helps save you from memory loss due to physical failures within the drive. Keeping your memory in virtual form saves you money. There is less to go wrong keeping your disk drive in virtual form. 3) Resiliency protects your data from drive failure and makes the process of recovering it a lot easier. B. Storage Spaces protect data from drive failures and extends storage by grouping drives togetherPeople may want to virtualize their disk drives in order to have two copies of their data. By having two copies of their data if one drive fails there is another source of your data. This protects the user from permanent memory loss.With Storage Spaces resiliency means the ability to recover drive fails and difficulties quickly and efficiently.C. In reading the material provided, the benefits of storage spaces seem to revolve around ease of use when utilizing a number of drives, in that all storage is pooled together instead of reflected in different physical drives. This separation can help protect against drive failures as well by ingraining the necessary data across multiple hardware options. These options are open intended, including, but not limited to Hard Drives, Solid-State Drives, USB drives and so on.The specific type of resiliency offered by Storage Spaces are mirror and parity. As we learned about with this week's reading regarding RAID, parity is able to recover information from one disk, whereas mirrors operate to create exact copies across multiple disks, or "Storage spaces" Obviously this is very helpful when dealing with storage, as how your drive should operate is dependent on how valuable the data stored on it is.

Childhood Trauma and Brain DevelopmentAssignment OverviewThe purpose of this assignment is to analyze the text, The Boy Who was Raised as a Dog, by Bruce D. Perry and Maia Szalavitz. By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following competencies and behaviors:Competency 4: Engage in Practice-Informed Research and Research-Informed Practice.C4.GP.B: Apply critical thinking to engage in analysis of quantitative and qualitative research methods and research findings.Related Assignment Criterion:2. Integrate multiple sources of knowledge, including research-based knowledge.Competency 6: Engage with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities.C6.GP.A: Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to engage with clients and constituencies.Related Assignment Criterion:5. Apply theories to social work practice using a case study about an individual or family and using the person-in-environment perspective. Competency 7: Assess Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities.C7.GP.B: Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the analysis of assessment data from clients and constituencies.Related Assignment Criterion: 5. Apply theories to social work practice using a case study about an individual or family and using the person-in-environment perspective. Competency 8: Intervene with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities.C8.GP.B: Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in interventions with clients and constituencies.Related Assignment Criterion: 5. Apply theories to social work practice using a case study about an individual or family and using the person-in-environment perspective. Competency 9: Evaluate Practice with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities.C9.GP.B: Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the evaluation of outcomes.Related Assignment Criterion:5. Apply theories to social work practice using a case study about an individual or family and using the person-in-environment perspective. Assignment DescriptionAfter reading the book, you will answer the questions listed below. Some questions will solicit your personal opinions or experiences, while others require you to cite evidence to support your response. Still others will require you to provide examples to support your work. All questions require you to think critically about what you read. To show comprehensive analysis in response to each question, you will need to do the following:Integrate multiple sources of knowledge, including research-based knowledge.Use social work databases as appropriate to support responses.Use scholarly evidence to inform analysis of social work practice.Use the textbook materials to apply the person-in-environment perspective in social work practice to the individual or family in the case study.Remember this is a written assignment, and it should follow current APA formatting for submission of written assignments.Assignment InstructionsAnswer the following questions using the guidelines provided above:In the introduction to The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog, Perry draws a distinction between being human and being humane (Perry & Szalavitz, 2017, p. 12). What are the differences? Provide a personal or historical example to illustrate your point.What is the author's main idea? Summarize it in 1–2 sentences. Does he consistently come back to this idea in each case he examines? Explain using examples from the various chapters.In many of the sessions Dr. Perry has with the children, he describes doing a coloring activity with them. How does this help his relationship with the children? What are some of his techniques?In your opinion, do the children you read about in The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog have an opportunity to experience a normal adult life? Explain your answer; cite the text if possible.In Chapter 4, "Skin Hunger," Perry describes and explains the concept of the "failure to thrive" (Perry & Szalavitz, 2017, pp. 89–91). What does this mean? What were some key points about the ability to thrive that were made in the chapter? What are some of the causes and lasting problems associated with the condition?What is a good environment? Does this vary based on cultural or economic reasons?According to the text, why was Tina unable to behave normally for a child her age? Is she a "lost cause," as they say, or does she still have the ability to overcome the difficulties of her youth? Cite the text, and provide evidence to support your opinion.In Chapter 5, "The Coldest Heart," Leon is diagnosed as a sociopath (Perry & Szalavitz, 2017, pp. 112–113). In your well-read opinion, who is responsible for his condition? Explain, providing textual support and evidence. What can we learn from his story?Summarize the story of Chapter 6, "The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog," in 5–8 sentences. What lessons did Dr. Perry learn from Connor and Justin?Which is more important, nature, which is biology, or nurture, which is the environment? Provide an example.Are the roles of socioeconomic class and race important elements in the work that Dr. Perry does? Does he handle these issues well? Explain.What is RAD (Perry & Szalavitz, 2017, pp. 192–194)? How does a child acquire the disorder, and what are the symptoms?In his conclusion, Dr. Perry gives a summation of his ideas. What are some of the ways in which Dr. Perry suggests children, and all people, can thrive?In Chapter 11, "Healing Communities," Dr. Perry states, "The world we live in now is biologically disrespectful" (Perry & Szalavitz, 2017, p. 262). Explain what he means, and interpret the idea. Do you agree?ReferencePerry, B. D., & Szalavitz, M. (2017). The boy who was raised as a dog: And other stories from a child psychiatrist's notebook – What traumatized children can teach us about loss, love, and healing (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.Additional RequirementsThe assignment you submit is expected to meet the following requirements:Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting.Number of resources: All literature cited should be current, with publication dates within the past five years.Length of paper: No minimum or maximum required, but make sure to answer each question comprehensively.Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.Due date: The assignment must be submitted to your instructor in the courseroom by the end of this week.Note: Your instructor may also use the Writing Feedback Tool to provide feedback on your writing. In the tool, click the linked resources for helpful writing information.