Strayer University America as the Superpower and the World’s Police

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Assignment 3: America as a Superpower
Due Week 9 and worth 120 points

The previous assignments focused on domestic matters in U.S. history. This last assignment explores America’s international role in recent decades. By the mid-20th century, the United States had become the dominant force in international relations. Some have argued that the United States’ military functions as the world’s “police.” This assignment covers the manner in which this shift occurred and the consequences the United States faces as a result of its status as “policeman of the world.” One can identify early steps this direction well before World War II, but in this paper focus on the period from the 1940s to the present. Examine the statement below and drawing from provided sources, present a paper with specific examples and arguments to demonstrate the validity of your position.

Statement—in which you can take a pro or con position:

  • The American international “policing” role developed because of the Cold War, but now terrorists or any power having or trying to get weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are the potential targets of such a role. By examples from different decades since 1950, it is clear that the policing strategy was once essential but should be discarded as ineffective and counterproductive. (Or you can argue the opposite—that the policing strategy is more necessary than ever; or you can argue for a more moderate position.) Use specific examples—two from the Cold War years and two from the past two decades.

After giving general consideration to your readings and your research, select one of the positions above as your position—your thesis. (Sometimes after doing more thorough research, you might choose the reverse position. This happens with critical thinking and inquiry. Your final paper might end up taking a different position than you originally envisioned.) Organize your paper as follows, handling these issues:

  • The position you choose —or something close to it—will be the thesis statement in your opening paragraph.
  • To support your position, use four (4) specific examples from different decades between 1950 and the present. However, two (2) examples must be from the Cold War years (before 1991) and the other two (2) examples must be from the past twenty (20) years.
  • Explain why the opposing view is weak in comparison to yours.
  • Consider your life today: In what way does the history you have shown shape or impact issues in your workplace or desired profession? (This might be unclear at first since it is foreign policy. But, super-power status does inevitably provide advantages in a global economy.)

Length: The paper should be 500-to-750 words in length.

Research and References: You must use a MINIMUM of four quality academic sources; the Schultz textbook must be one of them. Two of them must come from the online library—either those library sources listed or others. Your other source should be drawn from the list provided below. This is guided research, not open-ended Googling.

Source list for Assignment 3: Some sources are “primary” sources from the time period being studied. Some sources below can be accessed via direct link or through the primary sources links on Blackboard. Each week has a different list of primary sources. For others, they are accessible through the permalink to the source in our online library: Sources below having libdatab.strayer.edu as part of the URL have a permalink to that source in our university’s online library.

SWS Form for the textbook: Kevin M. Schultz. 2018. HIST: Volume 2: U.S. History since 1865. 5th ed.

G. H. W. Bush. March 6, 1991. Address before a Joint Session of the Congress on the Cessation of the Persian Gulf Conflict. http://college.cengage.com/history/wadsworth_9781133309888/unprotected/ps/bushnwo.html

J. F. Dulles. Jan. 2, 1954. Secretary Dulles’ Strategy of Massive Retaliation. http://college.cengage.com/history/wadsworth_9781133309888/unprotected/ps/dulles.html

M. Klare. July 15, 2002. Endless Military Superiority. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=6926412&site=eds-live&scope=site

C. Paul. 2008. Marines on the Beach: The Politics of U.S. Military Intervention Decision Making. eBook. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=275009&site=eds-live&scope=site

C. Powell. Feb. 6, 2003. Transcript of Powell’s UN Presentation. http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/02/05/sprj.irq.powell.transcript/

R. Reagan. March, 1983. Remarks at the Annual Convention of the National Association of Evangelicals. http://college.cengage.com/history/wadsworth_9781133309888/unprotected/ps/evilemp.html

Kevin M. Schultz. 2018. HIST: Volume 2: U.S. History since 1865. 5th ed.

S. M. Tarzi. Sept. 2014. The Folly of a Grand Strategy of Coercive Global Primacy: A Fresh Perspective on the Post-9/11 Bush Doctrine. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=98323177&site=eds-live&scope=site

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • This course requires use of new Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details.
  • Be typed, double spaced between lines, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow SWS format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the Sources page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Analyze the rise of the United States to a world “superpower” and how that status has shaped its internal developments in recent decades.
  • Examine how changes in social and economic conditions and technology can cause corresponding changes in the attitudes of the people and policies of the government
  • Summarize and discuss the ways that formal policies of government have influenced the direction of historical and social development in the United States.
  • Recognize the major turning points in American history since the Civil War.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in contemporary U.S. history.
  • Write clearly and concisely about contemporary U.S. history using proper writing mechanics.

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Assignment 3: America as a Superpower For History 105: Dr. Stansbury’s classes (7 pages here) Due Week 9 and worth 120 points. The formal deadline is Monday at 9am Eastern Time, March 4. [NOTE ON ECREE: As you know from our first two papers, the university is adopting a tool, called ecree for doing writing assignments in many classes. We are using the ecree program for doing our papers in this class. Instructions on this tool have been posted. You are welcome to type your paper in MS-Word as traditionally done—and then to upload that file to ecree to revise and finish it up. Or, as we suggest, you may type your paper directly into ecree. When using ecree, you should use CHROME as your browser. As posted: “Please note that ecree works best in Firefox and Chrome. Please do not use Internet Explorer or mobile devices when using ecree.”] Assignment 3: America as a Superpower Due Week 9 and worth 120 points The previous assignments focused on domestic matters in U.S. history. This last assignment explores America’s international role in recent decades. By the mid-20th century, the United States had become the dominant force in international relations. Some have argued that the United States’ military functions as the world’s “police.” This assignment covers the manner in which this shift occurred and the consequences the United States faces as a result of its status as “policeman of the world.” One can identify early steps this direction well before World War II, but in this paper focus on the period from the 1940s to the present. Examine the statement below and drawing from provided sources, present a paper with specific examples and arguments to demonstrate the validity of your position. NOTE: The word “policing” here has nothing to do with traditional law enforcement agencies. It is more about trying to manage parts of the globe—usually by use of military force or the threat of it. The aim of this management may be to maintain stability, remove threats of “rogue” forces or terrorists or weapons, prevent the expansion of autocratic rule, protect a fledgling democracy, etc. BACKGROUND--The American international “policing” role developed because of the Cold War, but now terrorists or any power having or trying to get weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are the potential targets of such a role. Your paper will use specific examples—two from the Cold War years and two from the past two decades. Choose one of these position statements (make it the last sentence of your introductory paragraph): 1. By examples from different decades since 1950, it is clear that the international policing role and strategy of the United States was once essential, but should now be discarded as ineffective and counterproductive. 2. By examples from different decades since 1950, it is clear that the international policing role and strategy of the United States during the Cold War has become even more necessary in this period of terrorism and instability. In your paper, use specific examples—two from the Cold War years and two from the past two decades. After giving general consideration to your readings and your research, select one of the positions above as your position—your thesis. (Sometimes after doing more thorough research, you might choose the reverse position. This happens with critical thinking and inquiry. Your final paper might end up taking a different position than you originally envisioned.) Organize your paper as follows, handling these issues with this FOUR-PART organization: • • • • The position you choose —or something close to it—will be the thesis statement in your opening paragraph. [Usually this is a one paragraph introduction with your thesis statement being the last sentence of the paragraph.] To support your position, use four (4) specific examples from different decades between 1950 and the present. However, two (2) examples must be from the Cold War years (before 1991) and the other two (2) examples must be from the past twenty (20) years. [Typically this takes two paragraphs. Stay focused on having specific examples that you support with citations.] Explain why the opposing view is weak in comparison to yours. [The opposing view would be the thesis statement you did NOT choose. You might start this by saying “someone will disagree with my thesis and will argue that ------.” THEN—spend 3 or 4 sentences with your best reasoned argument why your thesis is stronger.] Consider your life today: In what way does the history you have shown shape or impact issues in your workplace or desired profession? (This might be unclear at first since it is foreign policy. But, super-power status does inevitably provide advantages in a global economy.) [This might be easy if you work in cyber security, criminal justice, IT, etc. You can consider the legal impact of terrorism on justice system, privacy issues, etc.). Even a Business must now plan accordingly. Every profession now must have security safeguards, plan what to do with data, etc. A few comments on these things for your profession—and some comments on how this impacts our lives in general.] Length: The paper should be 500-to-750 words in length. Research and References: You must use a MINIMUM of four quality academic sources; the Schultz textbook must be one of them. Two of them must come from the university’s online library—either those library sources listed below or others. Your other source should be drawn from the list provided below. (Sticking with the list is a safe strategy; sticking with the university’s online library is a must.) This is guided research, not open-ended Googling. Source list for Assignment 3: Some sources are “primary” sources from the time period being studied. Some sources below can be accessed via direct link or through the primary sources links on Blackboard. Each week has a different list of primary sources. For others, they are accessible through the permalink to the source in our online library: Sources below having libdatab.strayer.edu as part of the URL have a permalink to that source in our university’s online library. (The link takes you to the library log-in; you then log in, and then the source appears for you right away). Each source below is shown in SWS form, so if you use it, you may easily copy the entire entry onto your paper’s sources list. (On a paper, never list an item as URL only.) SWS Form for the textbook: Kevin M. Schultz. 2018. HIST: Volume 2: U.S. History since 1865. 5th ed. Choose sources relevant to the topic and position you are taking: G. H. W. Bush. March 6, 1991. Address before a Joint Session of the Congress on the Cessation of the Persian Gulf Conflict. http://college.cengage.com/history/wadsworth_9781133309888/unprotected/ ps/bushnwo.html J. F. Dulles. Jan. 2, 1954. Secretary Dulles’ Strategy of Massive Retaliation. http://college.cengage.com/history/wadsworth_9781133309888/unprotect ed/ps/dulles.html M. Klare. July 15, 2002. Endless Military Superiority. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.as px?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=6926412&site=eds-live&scope=site C. Paul. 2008. Marines on the Beach: The Politics of U.S. Military Intervention Decision Making. eBook. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/log in.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=275009&site=eds-live&scope=site C. Powell. Feb. 6, 2003. Transcript of Powell’s UN Presentation. http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/02/05/sprj.irq.powell.transcript/ R. Reagan. March, 1983. Remarks at the Annual Convention of the National Association of Evangelicals. http://college.cengage.com/history/wadsworth_9781133309888/unprote cted/ps/evilemp.html Kevin M. Schultz. 2018. HIST: Volume 2: U.S. History since 1865. 5th ed. S. M. Tarzi. Sept. 2014. The Folly of a Grand Strategy of Coercive Global Primacy: A Fresh Perspective on the Post-9/11 Bush Doctrine. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.asp x?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=98323177&site=eds-live&scope=site Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: • • • This course requires use of new Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The format is different than some other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details. Be typed, double spaced between lines [single-spaced for ecree], using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; [font flexibility and margin flexibility with ecree.]; citations and references must follow SWS format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and [Title page and name info not needed for ecree. You might make up a title—put it right at start of first paragraph—as part of first paragraph.] The Sources page is not included in the required assignment length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: • • Analyze the rise of the United States to a world “superpower” and how that status has shaped its internal developments in recent decades. Examine how changes in social and economic conditions and technology can cause corresponding changes in the attitudes of the people and policies of the government • • • • Summarize and discuss the ways that formal policies of government have influenced the direction of historical and social development in the United States. Recognize the major turning points in American history since the Civil War. Use technology and information resources to research issues in contemporary U.S. history. Write clearly and concisely about contemporary U.S. history using proper writing mechanics. -------------------------------------- GRADING RUBRIC: Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric. Points: 120 Criteria Unacceptable Below 60% F 1. Clearly Poor or no introduce your introduction. paper with your No thesis thesis. statement used Weight: 10% from those provided. 2. Discuss four Did not submit specific or incompletely examples from discussed four different examples from decades the correct time (between 1950 period. The and the present) examples to support your covered are not thesis. supported by However, two research and (2) examples reason. must be from the Cold War years (before 1991) and the other two (2) Assignment 3: America as a Superpower Meets Minimum Expectations Fair Proficient Exemplary 60-69% D 70-79% C 80-89% B 90-100% A Insufficiently Partially Satisfactorily Thoroughly and introduced your introduced your introduced your clearly paper with your paper with your paper with your introduced your thesis thesis thesis paper with your statement. statement. statement, thesis statement chosen from the chosen from the list provided. list provided. Insufficiently Partially Satisfactorily Thoroughly and discussed four discussed four discussed four coherently examples from examples from clear examples discussed four the right time the proper time from the proper clear examples frame. The frame. The time frame. from the proper examples might examples might Examples are time frame (at not all have not be as based on good least one clear relevance relevant or as research and are example being to the thesis or well researched relevant to the from the last ten strong support as they should thesis. years). The from research be. discussion is and reason. persuasive and with sound reasoning and good support. examples must be from the past twenty (20) years. Be persuasive and coherent with sound reasoning; have examples based on solid research. Weight: 30% 3. Explain Did not submit clearly and or incompletely persuasively explained why why the the opposing opposing view view to yours to yours would would be in be in error or error or would would be a be a weaker weaker view. view. Weight: 20% 4. Discuss Did not submit effectively the or incompletely ways that the discussed how history you the history you have covered have covered shapes or shapes or impacts issues impacts issues in your in your workplace or workplace or desired desired profession. profession. Weight: 20% 5. Used the No references MINIMUM of provided FOUR references, drawing from the list provided (using at least two sources from our online Library). The Insufficiently Partially Satisfactorily explained why explained why explained why the opposing the opposing the opposing view to yours view to yours view to yours would be in would be in would be in error or would error or would error or would be the weaker be the weaker be the weaker view. The view. The view. reasoning or reasoning or examples might examples might be flawed. be flawed. Thoroughly and clearly explained why the opposing view to yours would be in error or would be the weaker view. Used persuasive reasoning or clear examples. Insufficiently Partially Satisfactorily Thoroughly and discussed how discussed how discussed how effectively the history you the history you the history you discussed how have covered have covered have covered the history you shapes or shapes or shapes or have covered impacts issues impacts issues impacts issues shapes or in your in your in your impacts issues workplace or workplace or workplace or in your desired desired desired workplace or profession. profession profession. desired profession. Does not meet the required number of references; Insufficient on the reference list or in-text citations. Does not meet Meets the required minimum number of number of references; required some references references; poor quality most references choices or not come from the from the list list provided. provided. Meets at least the minimum number of required references; all references high quality choices. Sources are listed at the end and also cited in class text is one of the sources used. References are listed at the end and matching in-text citations are used. Weight: 10% 6. Writing and More than 8 7–8 errors. Presentation: errors present. Used good grammar. Presentation shows clarity, reason, and critical thinking with proper writing mechanics. SWS format is used for reference entries, in-text citations, paper layout, and organization. Instructions followed. Weight: 10% ------------------------------------------------- the body of the paper. Solid research is evident. 5–6 errors. 3–4 errors. 0–2 errors. [THIS IS A FORMAT SAMPLE for doing Assignment 3 using our ecree platform. The usual SWS form calls for double spacing and a title page (so did APA)—but when we use ecree (as in this HIS105 class), we won’t use double-spacing or a title page. It will be important to write good quality, distinct paragraphs and to organize the paper in the four-part structure called for by the instructions. So, this “format sample” of Assignment 3 has no title page and is singlespaced—except between paragraphs and between source entries at the end. It still has in-text citations (see third paragraph below) and it still has the sources list at the end—you do need those. As required by the instructions, the sources used in this sample are from the REQUIRED list on the instructions sheet—though you are permitted this time to find two of your sources “off the list”, as long as they are good sources from our university’s online library. This sample does not really help you on content, but this gives you guidance on each part of the paper—and illustrates the four-part set-up of the paper and the sourcing. America as a Superpower—the International “Policing Role” More Necessary than Ever is the sample title here—and I put it with the first paragraph. (with another thesis, you might choose America as a Superpower—the International “Policing Role” Should Be Ended). Feel free to word your title to fit your thesis. ] America as a Superpower—the International “Policing Role” More Necessary than Ever-PART ONE: INTRODUCTION WITH THESIS Notice how this first line of the paragraph and the heading can go together in this ecree approach to the paper. The PART ONE heading is optional, but probably useful for your own clarity while writing and my clarity when I grade it. You have no worry here about indenting or double-spacing; not needed or wanted for ecree. In terms of content, a format sample like this does not provide that—this sheet just shows the form and organization—and samples of citing. And I provide a few tips here. Keep in mind the paper mostly focuses on a long period—from 1950 to 2019; and you will eventually need specific examples---two from the period 1950-1991; two from 1991 to the present. But, in this first paragraph, you will have an introduction to your paper and you will also include your thesis statement as the last sentence of the paragraph. How do you view these things? Is our international “policing role” still needed in an age of terror? More needed than ever? Or is it time to scuttle that strategy? Will your thesis statement be something like this?: By examples from different decades since 1950, it is clear that the international policing role and strategy of the United States was once essential, but should now be discarded as ineffective and counterproductive. Or, perhaps you will you take this position: By examples from different decades since 1950, it is clear that the international policing role and strategy of the United States during the Cold War has become even more necessary in this period of terrorism and instability. PART TWO—FOUR EXAMPLES: The second and third paragraphs will cover your four SPECIFIC examples supporting your thesis. Caution—don’t get bogged down in describing long trends here, or events that don’t support your thesis. You need two Cold War examples from 1950 to 1991. One could think of Korea, the Cuban Missile Crisis (Schultz, 1, p. 487-8), Vietnam, etc. You need two examples from the period 1991 to the present. This could include the first Persian Gulf War (Schultz, 1, p.538-9), the bombing of Libya (late 1990s), the invasion of Afghanistan, etc. According to Schultz (1, p. 547), even President Clinton’s decision NOT to intervene is Rwanda is a relevant example of “not” doing the policing role Be sure to use the Schultz textbook as a priority source when deciding on your examples. Just above are three examples of what an in-text citation to Schultz would look like. One scholar in 2002 called into question the wisdom of such enormous costs (Klare, 2) projected for continuing a policing role in the world, and even suggests doing this will be “exposing ourselves to an increased level of risk” (p. 16). EXAMPLES CONTINUED--In this part of the paper you really start developing the topic and your position and evidence. Iraq, Somalia, the killing of Bin Laden, are all examples. President Obama considered the war in Afghanistan as just and necessary, even though he inherited the conflict, and he expanded the use of unmanned drones in key areas (Schultz, 1, p. 567). Christopher Paul (3, p. 1) notes the number of “small” interventions, such as Grenada (1983) and Haiti (1994). So, there are many possibilities. It normally takes two paragraphs to cover your four examples, but stay focused on the examples and don’t get sidetracked from supporting your thesis. Be concise. By the way, you can make valid arguments for either thesis, and present an “A” paper in doing so. The assignment requires you to use the Schultz textbook and at least three other sources from the list on the instruction sheet (or—if not listed—from the university’s library). Since those sources are listed in SWS form and also have a convenient link with them, one can easily copy/paste the ones you use for your sources list at the end. And, with the link, each source is very easy to access. PART THREE: OPPOSING VIEW This third section of the paper involves some critical thinking on your part. How might a reasonable person disagree with you and give a different position or counter-argument? Keep this in mind---they are opposing the THESIS you chose to argue for in your paper. So, in effect, think of them as adopting the other thesis—the one you did not choose. For example, perhaps you argued that the policing role continues to be necessary—then start this by saying, “some will disagree with my view, and they will argue that our international policing role has become a bad strategy in the post-Cold War period.” THEN—spend a few sentences arguing nicely why your thesis is better than that one. Debate— but don’t be dismissive. Normally, this part is not so much doing more research or providing more examples. Instead it is about suggesting what that different position might be, and then your own logical rationale for favoring your own position instead. It is just critical thinking on your part. PART 4: LEGACY and IMPACT TODAY (CONCLUSION) This fourth and concluding paragraph of the paper does not normally involve researching information. It does involve some reflection about the issues covered in your paper and ways those issues impact us—even in ways seldom considered. In any profession that you are currently in or to which you aspire, there are numerous issues of security of data, security of workplace, employees who get deployed, immigrants from unstable areas of conflict, travel, etc. Cyber-security and Criminal Justice fields have more obvious relevance to these issues. government regulations. The war against terror impacts privacy. Think about this—you will then see some very good issues to comment on, as well as your general view on our proper role in the world. Again, this fourth part is normally a paragraph or so—lengthy treatment not 2 needed here. This fourth part should normally serve as the conclusion of the paper. Be sure your paper ends in some way that wraps up succinctly. FOR SOURCES--Then, in ecree, click on the word “Conclusion” to add new paragraph boxes below it that you can use for source entries—it works best if you can get each source into its own paragraph box. As below, each source must be numbered and should be in SWS style (as can be copied from the instruction sheet). Just do your best with ecree. Sources 1. Kevin M. Schultz. 2018. HIST: Volume 2: U.S. History since 1865. 5th ed. 2. M. Klare. July 15, 2002. Endless Military Superiority. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=t rue&db=a9h&AN=6926412&site=eds-live&scope=site 3. C. Paul. 2008. Marines on the Beach: The Politics of U.S. Military Intervention Decision Making. eBook. http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=t rue&db=nlebk&AN=275009&site=eds-live&scope=site [It is best if you can get each source into its own paragraph box. As below, each source must be numbered and should be in SWS style (as can be copied from the instruction sheet). ] [Tip, if you upload a Word file of your paper to ecree, have the Sources list very close to the end of your last paragraph—like an inch or so below it. If you have a lot of space between the last paragraph and the list, the upload not include the Sources list.] [LAST PART—try this on last part, but don’t worry if you can’t get it just right. Your final essay paragraph will ideally be in the box “Conclusion”. Once typed, then click on that word “Conclusion and it will create a new box below with three dots. Keep clicking “Conclusion” until you have 4 or more “threedot” boxes—one for the heading Sources and one for each source entry on your list of sources. If you cannot quite get this to work, don’t worry about it—just be sure you have a final paragraph (Part 4— Conclusion—Legacy) followed by the list of sources. Even if those boxes seem mislabeled, I will figure it out ok in the grading. Don’t get worried about that.] 3 (Assmt 3; Week 9 paper): Using ecree Doing the paper and submitting it (two pages here) Have this sheet handy as well as the sheet called FORMAT SAMPLE PAPER for Assignment 3. Your previous experience doing this for Assignments 1 and 2 will come in handy. You get a bit better at it each time. 1. Go to the Week 9 unit and find the blue link SUBMIT ASSIGNMENT 3: AMERICA AS A SUPERPOWER. Click on it. You will see instructions on the screen and at the top “Assignment 3 ecree” (but don’t click on it yet). Stay on this page for a bit. You will see a summary of the assignment instructions—and a list with some important links to the instruction sheet, FORMAT SAMPLE PAPER, and some help videos. (Make use of these files and helps if you have not already done so—download, save them, review them). 2. ONCE YOU ARE READY, click on the link at the top that says “Assignment 3 ecree”. By doing this, you enter the ecree platform for this assignment. Once in there, you will again see some summary of the assignment instructions. Then, scroll down to the bottom of the screen to see the three long, blank, rectangular boxes. You will be typing into those. Remember—do not worry about a title page or double spacing. Start composing your paragraphs. It will start as a rough draft. 3. As you start typing your introduction—notice on the right that comments start developing and also video links. Also on the right you will it say “Saved a Few seconds ago”. It is saving as you go. At first the comments are red (unfavorable). The more you do, usually the more green (favorable) comments start to appear. You can also keep revising. 4. When you hit the enter key it takes you to the next paragraph box—and sometimes it creates a new paragraph box for you. 5. Doing your Sources list in ecree—Your sources do have to be listed at the end. The FORMAT SAMPLE paper illustrates what they might look like. But, putting them in ecree gracefully can be a challenge. a. Perhaps the best way is this: Have the last regular paragraph of your essay (Part 4) be in the box labeled “Conclusion”. Once that paragraph is written—in whole or in part, do this: Click on the word “Conclusion” to form a following paragraph box marked by three dots. (You bumped the “Conclusion” box & label up a notch.) Keep doing that and put each source in its own “three-dot” box. In other words, after your Conclusion paragraph—the heading “Sources” gets its own paragraph box at the end, followed by separate paragraph boxes for each source entry. b. If the approach labeled “a” above is not working out, don’t worry about the external labels of those last paragraph boxes---just be sure to have a concluding paragraph (your Part 4) followed by paragraphs for the Sources header and each source entry. In grading, I will be able to figure it out. I will be lenient on how you organize that last part, as long as you have that last paragraph and a clear Sources list. -----------------------------------UPLOAD OPTION: You can type your paper or a good rough draft of it into MS-Word as a file. Have it organized and laid out like the FORMAT SAMPLE paper. Then Upload it to ecree. Once you upload, take a little time and edit what uploaded so that it looks like what you intended and fits the 4-part organization of the assignment. ----------------------- [continued on next page] 6. Click “Submit” on lower right only when absolutely ready. Once you submit, it will get graded. Have fun! (see below for a few notes and comments on ecree) ------------------------------------------------NOTES AND COMMENTS ON ECREE 1. Watch the video about how to use ecree and the options. 2. Then click into ecree (in the week 9 unit’s SUBMIT ASSIGNMENT 3 link) and navigate around. Your experience with ecree in Assignments 1 and 2 should pay off. But, once again, perhaps PRACTICE. Practice a bit—keep practicing until comfortable (you can always click “delete” at the bottom to start over if you wish). To practice, find the long rectangular boxes at the bottom of the screen. Start typing into them and watch the feedback notes develop on the right side as you type. Note that things automatically save. (You can delete after you play around some). The automatic saving means you don’t need to worry about losing your rough draft and can always come back to right where you started. Also, while it is best to type right into ecree, you can copy paste things from a document as you type into the ecree squares. 3. You get more comfortable with ecree as you work with it. The comfort level will come. 4. SOME GREAT FEATURES--The ecree program is very good at helping with paragraph development, sentence structure, and paper organization. And it provides some great immediate feedback on these things. It also helps some on spelling and just a little on grammar. With ecree, you will not need to double space or have a title page. 5. What ecree does NOT do: It cannot really judge content as per the paper and topic; it cannot detect sources---it will not help you on where a citation is needed or on the form of your in-text citations or your sources list. It only helps a little on grammar and spelling. So, don’t expect those things. Example-You could have a well, developed paragraph, but if your content is off topic, lacking in-text citations or poor on the sources list—your grade will end up being lower (no matter what ecree says). Like most writing tools one might use (Grammarly, tutor.com, etc), ecree is a good tool, but it is not a guarantee of an A paper. It is only a tool that can really help move you the right direction in writing papers. Our students who have used it have become real fans of it. 6. After doing and considering numbers 1-thru-5 above, determine whether you will compose directly into ecree or whether you will compose on a traditional MS-Word file that you upload. If you type on a Word file and upload it, you can still think of that as a rough draft that you finish polishing in ecree. The main advantage of having a Word file is for your own records—or for doing a rewrite or for providing a file copy to Prof. Stansbury. 7. The university is piloting this ecree platform in this and other classes. I am told that they will be surveying you, probably near the end of the quarter. Tell them exactly what you think. They are trying to find the most important aspects to improve and the best ways to use it and to evaluate student opinions of the tool. ----------------------------------------
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Running Head: AMERICA AS THE SUPERPOWER AND THE WORLD’S POLICE

America as the Superpower and the World’s Police
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AMERICA AS THE SUPERPOWER AND THE WORLD’S POLICE

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America as the Superpower and the World’s Police
America remains the unchallenged superpower and the world’s policeman. Its
international policing role developed because of the cold war. During the cold war, America had
no choice but to carry the burden and bear the cost of the war. Its allies seemed weaker as they
recovered from economic crises. America’s policing strategy is more necessary than ever
(Powell, 2003).
During the cold war, America used a silent-divide-conquer method to separate and
weaken the relationship between Europe and Asia, reducing the competition that existed between
it and the Soviet Union (Bremmer, 2013). The United States signed treaties like the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and strengthened its military to maintain the spread of
communism. This was done to kill the Soviet Union’s influence and powers. This is a clear
example of how the United States showed its supremacy.
The expansion was another tactic that the United States employed. It continue...


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