Surname 1 Name Instructor Course Date Rhetorical analysis Introduction When making an argument, every writer intends to convince his audience. He, therefore, uses some rhetorical strategies that will ensure that the readers are persuaded and are convinced by the story. In addition to these devices, the writer has to present his argument in a smooth, direct and precise way that not only makes sense to his readers but also is easy to understand. The major rhetorical devices used by the writer are; Logos, Pathos, Kairos, and ethos. These strategies are effective especially when a writer wants to appeal to the targeted audience. In this essay, I will focus on two essays, discuss them, discuss which rhetorical strategies the authors have used and how they have been used. I will develop an argument on which article is more convincing than the other and why I think it is more compelling. Justine Sacco Is Good at Her Job, and How I Came to Peace with Her, by Sam Biddle. Sam’s article is about his meeting with Justine Sacco, who was trolled on the internet due to her ‘racist’ post on Aids in Africa. In the article, Sam expresses his fear of meeting her since he did not know what her intention was and since it was over half a year after the incident happened, he did not know what to expect. To his surprise, Sacco was a cool and amazing woman, and after Sam’s apology, she just let it slip, and they enjoyed the rest of the evening, Surname 2 which led to a long-term friendship year after. Sam continues to tell about his own experience after his Twitter post was misinterpreted and people were all in arms against him. He explains how he felt and how that experience took him back to Justine’s experience, and that taught him really of how the internet works, as people take joy and pride in trolling and hatting on strangers. He goes ahead to say that Sacco was unfairly treated and it made one person to misread the tweet for the whole world to follow suit. In his article, Sam uses some rhetorical strategies to convince his audience that surely, Justine was unfairly treated on the internet. He uses Ethos, which is a rhetorical strategy that shows the credibility of the speaker of the writer. Sam uses ethos to show his credibility as a person who is experienced on the internet. At the beginning of his argument, he states that he worked as an editor in a well-known Tech company. He also explains his duties there, which involves blogging, editing online articles and also dealing with online information. From the article, Sam’s mastery of information, use of terminology and his way of expressing his ideas that he is an expert in this matter. In my opinion, this strategy is convincing as his audience is likely to trust someone in his caliber. Sam takes advantage of the pathos, which is a strategy that makes people feel a certain way. Here, delivers an emotional appeal, which makes his audience pity Sacco. The topic of his article draws the attention of his readers, as it clearly states his mission, which is peacemaking. He explains the Sacco’s experience as people spoke ill about her sympathetically. He shows how wrong, unfair and illogical the act was, as it even let to her being fired from her job. When Sam received an email from Justine, he explains how his emotions got the better part of him, as he was scared and guilty of what might have happened to her. Their meeting and conversations also demonstrate a mixture of feelings, emotions and finally the conviction that Justine is not just a Surname 3 racist monster, but a lady who posted something for fun but people thought otherwise of it. In his post, Sam presents a screenshot of hurting words that people said to Justine on twitter. He even gives an example of his experience when people misinterpreted his tweet, where they thought that he was advocating for middle school bullying while he was thinking otherwise. In both experiences, Sam can show his readers how emotionally draining and the torture that people go through during such encounters, hence convincing them of how unfairly Sacco was treated. Sam can use logos, which is a strategy that shows the logic of what is being communicated. He successfully uses this strategy to show the logic behind his argument. He uses his personal experience, where he explains what happened to him and how difficult his life was for those couple of days due to his tweet. He also uses the personal story of Justine, and what happened during their meeting. From firsthand experience, he explains the nature and personality of Justine which convinces people that she is not a horrible lady; hence she was mistreated. He gives statistical evidence of the number of tweets that were tweeted on various topics. He provides photo evidence of the words people used to shame Justine for her one tweet. He also uses Kairos, by taking advantage of the time to address this issue. He wrote this during a time when he had made peace with Justine, he had experienced his bad share of internet trolling, and both of them had moved on. During this time, he knew better, he had a better experience, and there was tangible evidence of what transcended. Although these two strategies can slightly convince his audience, he has used them effectively throughout the essay. How to tweet about Africa: the lessons of Justine Sacco, race and sarcasm, by Siri Srinivas. This is an article, that explains Siri’s view on Justine’s tweet. How to tweet about Africa is a catchy topic, that in addition to educating people, it sheds light on the issue of sarcasm which only a few people get. He explains his argument on how unfairly Justine was treated using Surname 4 extracts from the article of a famous Kenyan writer, Binyavanga Wainaina on how to write about Africa. He claims that Justine’s post was not racists but instead was just sarcastic and people did not get it. He gives examples of a situation where people from the inferior culture spoke similar statements but were not referred to as racist. To support Justine, Siri says that people are just hypocrites and don’t want to see beyond the words. In his article, Siri uses rhetorical strategies to convince his readers that Justine was wrongly treated. He used ethos, by showing his credibility on the topic as an author. At the introduction of the article, the author writes for The Guardian, which is one of the most reputable newspapers in the united states of America. His mastery of the language, his vocabulary and how he presents his ideas is evident that he is an expert and he his argument is valid. I don’t think this part is convincing to the audience since it is only at this part where he has used this strategy. The author has successfully used pathos to appeal to his readers. As he begins the article, the author gives a scenario of what he thought was happening to Justine. He explains how by hitting the send button on her phone changed her whole life. She lost her job, her reputation, her friends and also opportunities that could have come from the prestigious position she had. He is sympathetic about her and claims that what happened to her was avoidable if only people had open minds. He also shows how African writers write about Africa and gives a mental picture of how Africans represent Africa. This is convincing because he has carefully selected quotes that show how the image portrayed by writers about Africa, which is not appealing. It is clear that the author has used logos, to show the logic behind his argument. He uses references from renowned writers on the subject of writing about Africa, such as Binyavanga Wainaina. He uses direct quotes from authors; he extracts information from their articles and also paraphrases other people’s ideas in the topic of discussion. He also includes screenshots Surname 5 from Justine’s twitter, to emphasize his argument. He uses his personal experience and even conversations that he has had from his friends on the topic of racism. He has successfully used this strategy, as the audience can clearly see what other authors say as they write about Africa. Through this, they can clearly see that Sacco was unfairly treated because she just said what others said about Africa. My Argument In my opinion, Sam Biddle’s argument is more convincing than Siri’s evidence. Although both articles argue that Sacco was judged harshly, Sam’s case is more robust, more personal and more appealing to the reader than Siri’s. Sam begins the article by giving a heading that arouses the readers' curiosity since readers want to know what happened so that they make peace with a ‘racist.’ Sam continues to give a chronology of the events, explaining why, how and when their meeting happened and the results of the meeting that represents his use of pathos. His article is full of emotional sentiments and narrations, including his own experience as his tweet was misinterpreted. That is convincing to the reader. He introduces the reader to Sacco, describes her nature to them and also gives them his opinion of her. He gives her a chance to tell her part of the story and what she meant when she tweeted that statement. Sam then indicates that she owned the mistake and has also learned from it. This article is informative and very convincing to the readers since they get to know more about Sacco, and understand how their actions against her on the internet affected her, and why she was innocent. Although the facts and experiences of other people fully support Siri's article, he fails to give Sacco a chance to explain why she tweeted what she tweeted and whether she meant it or not. Siri bases his opinion on writers who used almost the same words for sarcasm and assumed that even Sacco’s tweet was sarcastic. Compared to Sam, Siri’s emotional appeal is weak as he Surname 6 does not show how the trolling in the internet affected Sacco. His argument is less convincing and but very informative. Due to these reasons, I think that Sam’s article would attract more readers and they would be convinced by it. Conclusion Different authors may be writing about the same thing, but one may have the ability to convince the audience more than the other. By using the four rhetorical strategies namely, ethos, pathos, logos and Kairos, the writer can make his case more appealing and make the audience change his mind. The extent of which these rhetoric’s are used, how they are used and when they are used in the article determines how convincing the author is. It is therefore important to carefully know where and when to use these strategies to be able to convince your audience. Works cited https://gawker.com/justine-sacco-is-good-at-her-job-and-how-i-came-to-pea-1653022326 Fa-Kaji, Naomi, and Benoit Monin. "Pushing Back against Bigotry: Exploring Rhetorical Strategies for Confronting Prejudiced Comments." Academy of Management Proceedings. Vol. 2018. No. 1. Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/23/justine-sacco-tweet-south-africa-aids Surname 1 Name Instructor Course Date Rhetorical analysis Introduction When making an argument, every writer intends to convince his audience. He, therefore, uses some rhetorical strategies that will ensure that the readers are persuaded and are convinced by the story. In addition to these devices, the writer has to present his argument in a smooth, direct and precise way that not only makes sense to his readers but also is easy to understand. The major rhetorical devices used by the writer are; Logos, Pathos, Kairos, and ethos. These strategies are effective especially when a writer wants to appeal to the targeted audience. In this essay, I will focus on two essays, discuss them, discuss which rhetorical strategies the authors have used and how they have been used. I will develop an argument on which article is more convincing than the other and why I think it is more compelling. Justine Sacco Is Good at Her Job, and How I Came to Peace with Her, by Sam Biddle. Sam’s article is about his meeting with Justine Sacco, who was trolled on the internet due to her ‘racist’ post on Aids in Africa. In the article, Sam expresses his fear of meeting her since he did not know what her intention was and since it was over half a year after the incident happened, he did not know what to expect. To his surprise, Sacco was a cool and amazing woman, and after Sam’s apology, she just let it slip, and they enjoyed the rest of the evening, Surname 2 which led to a long-term friendship year after. Sam continues to tell about his own experience after his Twitter post was misinterpreted and people were all in arms against him. He explains how he felt and how that experience took him back to Justine’s experience, and that taught him really of how the internet works, as people take joy and pride in trolling and hatting on strangers. He goes ahead to say that Sacco was unfairly treated and it made one person to misread the tweet for the whole world to follow suit. In his article, Sam uses some rhetorical strategies to convince his audience that surely, Justine was unfairly treated on the internet. He uses Ethos, which is a rhetorical strategy that shows the credibility of the speaker of the writer. Sam uses ethos to show his credibility as a person who is experienced on the internet. At the beginning of his argument, he states that he worked as an editor in a well-known Tech company. “At the time, I was editing Valleywag, Gawker's tech-industry blog.” He also explains his duties there, which involves blogging, editing online articles and also dealing with online information. From the article, Sam’s mastery of information, use of terminology and his way of expressing his ideas that he is an expert in this matter. In my opinion, this strategy is convincing as his audience is likely to trust someone in his caliber. Sam takes advantage of the pathos, which is a strategy that makes people feel a certain way. Here, delivers an emotional appeal, which makes his audience pity Sacco. The topic of his article draws the attention of his readers, as it clearly states his mission, which is peacemaking. He explains the Sacco’s experience as people spoke ill about her sympathetically. He shows how wrong, unfair and illogical the act was, as it even let to her being fired from her job. When Sam received an email from Justine, he explains how his emotions got the better part of him, as he was scared and guilty of what might have happened to her. Their meeting and conversations also Surname 3 demonstrate a mixture of feelings, emotions and finally the conviction that Justine is not just a racist monster, but a lady who posted something for fun but people thought otherwise of it. “Some of them were pernicious, some were stupid. Each time, each slap, was the same: If we could only put one more wrongheaded head on a pike, humiliate one more bigoted sorority girl or ignorant Floridian, we could heal this world.” In his post, Sam presents a screenshot of hurting words that people said to Justine on twitter. He even gives an example of his experience when people misinterpreted his tweet, where they thought that he was advocating for middle school bullying while he was thinking otherwise. In both experiences, Sam can show his readers how emotionally draining and the torture that people go through during such encounters, hence convincing them of how unfairly Sacco was treated. Sam can use logos, which is a strategy that shows the logic of what is being communicated. He successfully uses this strategy to show the logic behind his argument. He uses his personal experience, where he explains what happened to him and how difficult his life was for those couple of days due to his tweet. “Not long after, the two of us shared dinner and margaritas, and I looked up at a face I'd only ever seen on a screen, tweeted and repeated by people who hated that face. I've never been star-struck, but my stomach knotted.” He also uses the personal story of Justine, and what happened during their meeting. From firsthand experience, he explains the nature and personality of Justine which convinces people that she is not a horrible lady; hence she was mistreated. He gives statistical evidence of the number of tweets that were tweeted on various topics. He provides photo evidence of the words people used to shame Justine for her one tweet. He also uses Kairos, by taking advantage of the time to address this issue. He wrote this during a time when he had made peace with Justine, he had experienced his bad share of internet trolling, and both of them had moved on. During this time, Surname 4 he knew better, he had a better experience, and there was tangible evidence of what transcended. Although these two strategies can slightly convince his audience, he has used them effectively throughout the essay. How to tweet about Africa: the lessons of Justine Sacco, race and sarcasm, by Siri Srinivas. This is an article, that explains Siri’s view on Justine’s tweet. How to tweet about Africa is a catchy topic, that in addition to educating people, it sheds light on the issue of sarcasm which only a few people get. He explains his argument on how unfairly Justine was treated using extracts from the article of a famous Kenyan writer, Binyavanga Wainaina on how to write about Africa. He claims that Justine’s post was not racists but instead was just sarcastic and people did not get it. He gives examples of a situation where people from the inferior culture spoke similar statements but were not referred to as racist. To support Justine, Siri says that people are just hypocrites and don’t want to see beyond the words. In his article, Siri uses rhetorical strategies to convince his readers that Justine was wrongly treated. He used ethos, by showing his credibility on the topic as an author. At the introduction of the article, the author writes for The Guardian, which is one of the most reputable newspapers in the united states of America. His mastery of the language, his vocabulary and how he presents his ideas is evident that he is an expert and he his argument is valid. I don’t think this part is convincing to the audience since it is only at this part where he has used this strategy. The author has successfully used pathos to appeal to his readers. As he begins the article, the author gives a scenario of what he thought was happening to Justine. He explains how by hitting the send button on her phone changed her whole life. “If she hadn’t hit the send, perhaps her life would not have changed.” She lost her job, her reputation, her friends and also Surname 5 opportunities that could have come from the prestigious position she had. He is sympathetic about her and claims that what happened to her was avoidable if only people had open minds. He also shows how African writers write about Africa and gives a mental picture of how Africans represent Africa. This is convincing because he has carefully selected quotes that show how the image portrayed by writers about Africa, which is not appealing. It is clear that the author has used logos, to show the logic behind his argument. He uses references from renowned writers on the subject of writing about Africa, such as Binyavanga Wainaina. “In 2005 Kenyan writer Binyavanga Wainanina wrote an essay for Granta titled “How to write about Africa.” He uses direct quotes from authors; he extracts information from their articles and also paraphrases other people’s ideas in the topic of discussion. He also includes screenshots from Justine’s twitter, to emphasize his argument. He uses his personal experience and even conversations that he has had from his friends on the topic of racism. He has successfully used this strategy, as the audience can clearly see what other authors say as they write about Africa. Through this, they can clearly see that Sacco was unfairly treated because she just said what others said about Africa. My Argument In my opinion, Sam Biddle’s argument is more convincing than Siri’s evidence. Although both articles argue that Sacco was judged harshly, Sam’s case is more robust, more personal and more appealing to the reader than Siri’s. Sam begins the article by giving a heading that arouses the readers' curiosity since readers want to know what happened so that they make peace with a ‘racist.’ Sam continues to give a chronology of the events, explaining why, how and when their meeting happened and the results of the meeting that represents his use of pathos. His article is full of emotional sentiments and narrations, including his own experience as his tweet was Surname 6 misinterpreted. That is convincing to the reader. He introduces the reader to Sacco, describes her nature to them and also gives them his opinion of her. He gives her a chance to tell her part of the story and what she meant when she tweeted that statement. Sam then indicates that she owned the mistake and has also learned from it. This article is informative and very convincing to the readers since they get to know more about Sacco, and understand how their actions against her on the internet affected her, and why she was innocent. Although the facts and experiences of other people fully support Siri's article, he fails to give Sacco a chance to explain why she tweeted what she tweeted and whether she meant it or not. Siri bases his opinion on writers who used almost the same words for sarcasm and assumed that even Sacco’s tweet was sarcastic. Compared to Sam, Siri’s emotional appeal is weak as he does not show how the trolling in the internet affected Sacco. His argument is less convincing and but very informative. Due to these reasons, I think that Sam’s article would attract more readers and they would be convinced by it. Conclusion Different authors may be writing about the same thing, but one may have the ability to convince the audience more than the other. By using the four rhetorical strategies namely, ethos, pathos, logos and Kairos, the writer can make his case more appealing and make the audience change his mind. The extent of which these rhetoric’s are used, how they are used and when they are used in the article determines how convincing the author is. It is therefore important to carefully know where and when to use these strategies to be able to convince your audience. Surname 7 Works cited https://gawker.com/justine-sacco-is-good-at-her-job-and-how-i-came-to-pea-1653022326 Fa-Kaji, Naomi, and Benoit Monin. "Pushing Back against Bigotry: Exploring Rhetorical Strategies for Confronting Prejudiced Comments." Academy of Management Proceedings. Vol. 2018. No. 1. Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/23/justine-sacco-tweet-south-africa-aids
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