PHIL 201 Moral Ethics Discussion

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Please choose five of the questions below to answer fully. You should expect to write an entire paragraph to fully answer the question. Be sure to explain any technical terms, theories, or concepts that you use in your answer, and be sure to document any references that you might use to construct your answer.

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Please choose five of the questions below to answer fully. You should expect to write an entire paragraph to fully answer the question. Be sure to explain any technical terms, theories, or concepts that you use in your answer, and be sure to document any references that you might use to construct your answer. 

1. Explain how the objectivist, relativist, and nihilist would analyze the truth of the moral evaluation “it is wrong to hit young children when they lie to you.”

2. What are the two interpretations of the dependency thesis? Demonstrate your understanding of the difference by explaining the two interpretations using an example moral evaluation.

3. Why isn’t moral progress possible if ethical relativism is true?

4. How is the principle of tolerance derived from the conclusion of ethical relativism, and why is this principle problematic for relativism?

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Please choose five of the questions below to answer fully. You should expect to write an entire paragraph to fully answer the question. Be sure to explain any technical terms, theories, or concepts that you use in your answer, and be sure to document any references that you might use to construct your answer. 1. Explain how the objectivist, relativist, and nihilist would analyze the truth of the moral evaluation “it is wrong to hit young children when they lie to you.” 2. What are the two interpretations of the dependency thesis? Demonstrate your understanding of the difference by explaining the two interpretations using an example moral evaluation. 3. Why isn’t moral progress possible if ethical relativism is true? 4. How is the principle of tolerance derived from the conclusion of ethical relativism, and why is this principle problematic for relativism? 5. Use the doctrine of double effect to analyze the following action (determine its rightness): A basketball coach is preparing his team for a big game, and he tells them that in order for each person to play they need to attend every practice during the week—he makes a promise to the team about the conditions for their participation in the game. The two best players, Max and Joe, both miss Thursday night practice, and therefore are not to play in the game by the coaches own statement at the beginning of the week. The coach knows that the team will not win the big game if Max and Joe both sit out, so he decides to break his promise and let them play, which results in the team winning the big game. 6. Explain how moral principles, or rules, are derived from facts about the teleological nature of the universe in natural law theory. 7. Can a moderate objectivist support the idea of a universal human right? How would they make sense of a set of basic human rights? 8. Explain the differences between Bentham and Mill, and explain the main criticism that applied to Mill's way of dealing with the relative weights of the qualitatively different types of pleasure. 9. What is the difference between the rules in the rule deontological system and rules in rule utilitarianism. 10. What are the first two conditions expressed in Kant's categorical imperatives, and how do they work in practice? Explain by using an example.
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Running head: MORAL ETHICS

Moral Ethics
Institutional Affiliation
Date

MORAL ETHICS

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QUESTION 1
Moral relativism is a general view of morality that bases its argument on an individual's
choice of what is morally upright and what is wrong. This choice is heavily influenced by an
individual's beliefs which are in some way affected by one's society, through socialization.
Socialization is the process where culture is transferred from one person to another; this is
usually from one generation to the other (Wall, 2008). This culture is inclusive of society's
norms, sanctions, and beliefs. Moral objectivism, on the other hand, is the view that anything that
should be termed right or wrong is not dependant on what anyone thinks but rather it is
dependent on the consequences of the act and the willingness of the individual performing the
act to wish everybody should act the same way (Silver, 2011). Both these theories bestow the
judgment of what is morally upright and what is wrong on individual decision that is heavily
influenced by one's culture be it the general human culture or societal culture, therefore in
deciding whether it is right to hit a young child when they lie to you depends on culture, which is
very dynamic and differen...


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