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Humanities

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  • Suicide is a uniquley human behavior. What features of humans as a species influence our desire to commit suicide?

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Explanation & Answer

Risk factors that influences one to commit suicide include:

  Sex-   males to female ratio= 4:1 for all age groups. Meaning that it affects more men than female.

  Age- rates increase with age. Men peaks after 45 vs women 55. *midlife crisis?

  Race- whites > blacks 2:1.  rates also higher among immigrants than in natives

  Religion- rates lower in Roman Catholics than among Protestants and Jews

  Marital status- marriage reinforced by children seems to reduce risk significantly. Rates among Previously married > singles (pm= separated, divorced, widowed)

  Work- employment seems to generally reduce rate (jobless > employed). But rates also increase during economic recession, repression

  History of suicide or attempted suicide in the family. ( includes anniversary suicides)

  Previous suicidal behavior- best indicator. Risk highest  within 3/12 of 1st attempt 

  Physical health- markedly increased rates in chronic illnesses eg CNS (dementia, ms, epilepsy, head injuries), AIDS, Cancer- breast, cervix, prostrate, colon, stomach. L cirrhosis, loss of mobility (spinal injuries), severe burns with disfigurement in women, 

  Mental health - substance abuse/dependence eg especially alcohol, cocaine, heroine. – **NB majority (95%) who attempt or commit have a psychiatry/ psychological problem ( 80% depressive disorders, 10% scz, others).  – rates 3-12 times higher than in non psychiatry.. 

  Drugs- long term use of reserpine, some anti hypertensives, corticosteroids, some cytotoxics= symptomatic depression. Alcohol dependence- 15% commit suicide

  Poor personal, family relationships & social isolation.

  Losses-job, finances, income, loved ones,

  Feelings of worthless, hopelessness, helpless accompanied by guilt. Suicidal thoughts, ideas, plans, suicidal notes

  Occupation – the higher the social status the higher the risk/rate but also a fall in social status increases risk. –Medics have higher rates than general population. –most have  depression or substance dependence. – often associated with recent professional, personal, family difficulties. –often by drug overdose (availability & toxicity knowledge)

- others at high risk eg lawyers, law enforcement officers, insurance agents, musicians. 


Please let me know if you need any clarification. I'm always happy to answer your questions.


Anonymous
Excellent resource! Really helped me get the gist of things.

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