There are5 questions total. Please answer the first 2 with a min of 200 words each and a reference each.1. Consider the opportunity for civil discourse (the concept of being able listen for understanding) on diverse teams. From a leadership perspective, discuss how you can facilitate interactions about diversity, inclusion, and equity among peers and those under your supervision without discounting the perspective of others. Provide a specific example to support your response.2. Describe a situation from your personal work experience (do not disclose specific names) in which you encountered a toxic leader. Describe the traits that qualify this leader as "toxic" and indicate how the situation could be different if this individual applied the concepts of conscious leadership.Please answer these 3 responses in a minimum of 200 words each with or without a reference.1. A workplace is typically a place where people of diverse backgrounds must engage each other to accomplish organizational objectives, particularly when assigned to teams. Moreover, some teams are assembled where individuals possessing specific knowledge or skills must collaborate to address complex problems. The varying /skills further serve to lead workers towards mandatory collaboration. Feldman (2020) published an interesting article regarding the passions that people in our country regarding the political environment. This political divide can contribute significantly to divisions in the workplace. Many of us avoid difficult conversations regarding political topics because the decisions can add to incivility within workgroups. Living and working in a state such as Florida, the workplace is often divided evenly between Republicans and Democrats. And in South Florida, political affiliation is sometimes obvious due to race. According to Feldman (2020), election results can be the elephant in the room and should be discussed. What are your thoughts about his recommendation? Should political conversations be entertained in the workplace, or should they be avoided?2. When I think about inclusion, diversity and equality among peers and co-workers, I reflect on how I have evolved over the years. In my past experiences, I have thought like many others that certain things are against God's plan and I needed to be able to remove my views from the work environment. As you get older, you become wiser there are things that are beyond our scope of understanding. We can respect all people, and not agree with their lifestyle choices. I am a firm believer that people have a right to be whomever they choose and to be treated fairly and with dignity. Now as a leader, in the workplace it is our responsibility to make sure that everyone is given a fair chance to excel in their profession without fear of retaliation or prejudices. By giving everyone an equal opportunity to work and advance in their job is a must. When you are the leader, you must be able to put your views aside and evaluate people on their merit in the workplace. In recent years, diversity has been embraced as a core value and fundamental priority across the different fields of medicine, science, and technology( Tan, 2019). My school district has implemented open and anonymous hot lines that can report unfair work and or discrimination against color, religion, and sexuality. This has been a wonderful way for us to establish open lines of communication between external and internal stakeholders that promote inclusion for all employees. As I mentioned above, becoming a person that is still evolving in my faith and views as a African American woman has taught me much and I continue to learn new things daily. I'm hopeful that in the future, we can all remember that everyone deserves the opportunity to provide for their families and be safe in their work environment.3. Grunbert, et al., (2021) places poor leaders in three categories; Bad, Ineffective, or Toxic (BIT). “A toxic leader “refers to individuals who contribute negative attitudes and/or behaviors; may involve individuals who are self-aware or not of their effect on others (para, 7). Leaders can be toxic in several ways but one way that may not be as obvious and that is the leader that can create a toxic environment with a group by playing favorites within a group or team, spending more time with favorites, and being more available to the favorites with regard to time and openness to ideas” (para. 7) as well as other ways.If you have spent any time in the work environment, you may have run across a toxic leader. I have had one such encounter with the manager of the IT department I worked for after finishing my BA. At first the individual was nice and pleasant enough, but it did not take much time in the department to realize the true colors of the manager. He had approximately 10 people in his department and there were many times we were at each other’s throat before we realized that it was the manager that had orchestrated the disaster. He would intentionally pit people against each other by saying “someone told me…(some negative comment)”. He would make it sound like a member of the team was tattling or he would out and out lie about being told something about someone not working within the policies and procedures. When the manager didn't quite get the reaction he seemed to be looking for he would then go to upper management and claim how he single-handedly solved the problem that the team was working on. This guy also played the favorites game. One day one of his favorite people on a cross functional team he was leading went to upper management and spilled the beans and the manager was fired. I do not know if this leader would have been a better leader if he had at least tried to apply the concepts of a conscious leader. A conscious leader should not put himself before his followers, he/she needs to have integrity of thought and actions. He/she must be able to read a room and to follow at appropriate times. Maybe if the manager I mentioned had been given some education and training or maybe even some psychotherapy things may have been different but the little voice in my mind says “no”.

1)  SPSS is software that can conduct basic and complex statistical analyses. In this assignment you will use SPSS to explore the data and conduct descriptive statistics, create frequency charts, recode variables, and create new variables.  For this assignment, utilize SPSS Statistics and the Topic 2 "Health Behavior Data Set." Refer to the topic resources for assistance with accessing and using SPSS. Follow the steps below to complete the assignment. Part a Import the Excel file into SPSS. Sort by age in SPSS to determine the age-range of participants in the data set. Use the Descriptive Statistics Feature in SPSS to find the mean and standard deviation for the "Age" and "Annual Income." Use the "Frequencies" feature to create frequency tables for the employed, education level and sex variables. Recode the sex variable where "Male"=1 and "Female"=2. Create a frequency table for the new variable. Compute a new "BMI" variable based on "Weight" and "Height." Use the Descriptive Statistics Feature in SPSS to find the mean and standard deviation for the new BMI variable. Part b In 200-250 words, compare Excel and SPSS. Discuss specific SPSS software features that make it preferable to Excel for data management. Provide examples illustrating when electing to use SPSS could be preferable to Excel in regard to analyzing survey data. General Requirements Submit the SPSS exported output and the written comparison to the dropbox. APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.     2)  Difference Between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Surbhi, S. (2019). Difference Between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. Retrieved from https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-descriptive-and-inferential-statistics.html - :~:text=As%20the%20name%20suggests,%20descriptive%20statistics%20is%20one,statistics,%20i.e.%20what%20you%20do%20with%20your%20data. How can you use inferential statistics to learn more about depression and weight gain in a sample? How can you use descriptive statistics to learn more about depression and weight gain in a sample? 3) Correlation is a common statistic to measure a generally linear relationship between two variables. Explain why correlation does not equal causation. 4)Explain the differences between parametric and nonparametric tests. How do you determine if a parametric or nonparametric test should be used when analyzing data? 5)  The chi-square test of independence is used to determine whether two or more samples of cases differ on a nominal level variable. A Pearson correlation is used to determine the relationship between two continuous variables. Both the chi-square test of independence and correlation are widely used in the analysis of public health data. The purpose of this assignment is to practice calculating and interpreting the Pearson correlation coefficient and a chi-square test of independence. After analyzing the data, communicate the results in a PowerPoint presentation. Refer to the Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences textbook and instructional videos for assistance completing this assignment. Part 1 Use SPSS and the Topic 2 "Health Behavior Data Set" and complete the following: Conduct a Pearson correlation to determine the relationship between age and annual income. Conduct a chi-square test to determine the relationship between sex and smoking status. Export the SPSS output for the Pearson correlation and chi-square tests. Part 2 Create an 8-10 slide PowerPoint to discuss the findings for either the chi-square or correlation findings. For the presentation of your PowerPoint, use Loom to create a voice-over or a video. Refer to the topic resources for additional guidance on recording your presentation with Loom. Include an additional slide for the Loom link at the beginning, and an additional slide for references at the end. Include the following: Explain why the statistical test is most appropriate for analyzing the data and whether the assumptions were met. What are the null and alternative hypotheses? What is the decision rule? What is the test statistic and p-value? How do you interpret the results? (What was done? What was found? What does it mean? What suggestions are there for the creation of a health promotion intervention?)

Throughout this week, you read about managed care and third-party payers, the basic components of insurance.Up until recent years the only options for the uninsured, if they qualified for it, were Medicare and Medicaid. With the passage of the Affordable Care Act, the landscape of insurance is changing.For this week's written assignment, read the following article:Hamel, M.B., Blumenthal, D., Abrams, M., & Nuzum, R. (2015) http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMhpr1503614#t=article. The New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2451-2458. Retrieved from http://www.nejm.orgAfter reading the article, answer the following questions:What are your initial thoughts from the article?How do you think the Affordable Care Act improves health care for Americans?Who do you think will benefit the most from the Affordable Care Act? Why?Why are some states slower to participate than others?If you could create a healthcare plan for the United States, what would it include, who would be covered?