1.Vital signs, including your blood pressure and pulse, are useful in everyday life. Tests such as those done in the lab can help monitor health. Knowing the normal parameters can allow you to give yourself a quick check on your health. If numbers are raised when a person is at rest, or take extended periods to return to normal after exercise, this may be a sign for concern. Many forms of heart disease can be prevented or treated with healthy lifestyle choices, yet heart disease continues to cause a large number of deaths each year. In your post, think about the environment in which you live and work. What lifestyle changes could you or those around you make to improve their cardiovascular health? identify at least one other credible source, such as a recently published article , to increase your understanding of the dynamics of these illnesses.2.At this time, look at the air quality in your area by visiting the State of the AirWeb site managed by the American Lung Association.For this discussion, report on the air quality in your area.Does the information concern you? Explain why or why not.What effects could the air quality in your area have on lung health?What could be done to improve air quality in your area?3.One thing you have learned about your health during this course.How your body might be at risk from a disruption in homeostasis.One change you would like to make based on what you have learned in this course.

1a. Please explain why acetyl CoA cannot be used as a precursor for glucose synthesis in animals (2 points). 1b. Plants and some bacteria, however, can convert acetyl CoA into glucose.  Please briefly describe how acetyl CoA is converted into glucose (3 points). 1c. How many NET Acetyl CoA, NET ATP, and NET NADH are needed in order to synthesize ONE molecule of glucose from acetyl CoA in plants (3 points)? Count GTP as ATP if GTP is used or produced and count FADH2 as NADH if FADH2 is used or produced in the process of synthesizing glucose. 1c. Although humans cannot synthesize glucose from acetyl CoA, please explain why research on such pathways in plants and bacteria may have an impact on human health (1 point) Question # 2 (6 Points total) An experiment is done to measure electron transport and ATP synthesis in isolated mitochondria. Sketch a plot of the hypothetical experimental results if you measure both O2 consumption and ATP synthesis (Left Y-axis for O2 consumption; Right Y-axis for ATP production, overlay both on the same plot.  You may use different color or simply indicate the curves) versus time (X-axis). Start the experiment (t = 0) with succinate, ADP, and Pi in the mix and successively add DNP at t = 4 min., then Oligomycin (at t = 8 min.), and cyanide (at t = 12 minutes). Indicate the points in the plot that each agent is added. (6 points) Question # 3 Thiols play very important roles in metabolism.  List at least four thiol-containing molecules we learned in this course (2 points). Please give at least two examples that a high-energy thioester bond is used to synthesize high energy Pi-containing compounds (2 points) 4. Glycogen metabolism 5a. Please describe how the Red glucose residues and the blue glucose residues are metabolized. (2 points) 5b. When all of the glucose residues marked in red, blue, and green are completely oxidized into CO2 and water, how many NET ATP are produced.  Consider 2.5 ATP for each NADH, 1.5 ATP for each FADH2, and count GTP as ATP (4 points)