Development and Evolution of Juvenile Justice Paper

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The Development of Juvenile Justice

Table 10.2 outlines important juvenile cases throughout history. Choose three cases you believe have been most important in the development/evolution of juvenile justice and why.

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CHAPTER 10: The Juvenile Court 309 Table 10.2 Supreme Court Decisions affecting Juvenile Court Gae Foar Holding Kent United States 1968 Established that juvenile transfers to adult court must consider due process and fair play, the child must be represented by an attorney and the attorney must have access to the juvenile records of child Inne Gaur 1907 Required that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment apply to proceedingt in state juvenil courts, incluong the rightel notice the right to counsel the right against self-encrimination and the right to confront witnesses Tore Winship 1970 Established proat beyond a reasonable doubt as the standard tor suvenile adjudication proceedings, eliminating lesser standards such as a preponderance of the evidence, clearans convincing pract and reasonable proof McKeiwer v Pornsylvania 1971 Established that a jury trial is not a requirad part of dua process in the adjudication of a youth as a delinquent by averile court Breed Aves v. 1975 Established that a juvenile cannot be adjudicated in juvenile court and then tried for the same offense in an adult court ouble jeopardy! Dilsham Publishing Co..Datet Door 1977 The press may report juvenile court proceedings under certain circumstances Smith Daily Mai Poblishing Co 1979 As long as the information is to fully obtained the state cannot restrict the press from publishing juvenile attender's natte unless the restriction serves a substantial state a interest Edinge Ohana 1902 Defendurt's youthful uge should be considered a mitigating factor in deciding whather ta apolythe death penalty Schall Martin . 1984 Established that preventive detention fills a legitimate state interest of arutecting socisty and juveniles by detaining those who might be dangerous to society or to themselves Thompson, Oklahoma v. 1986 Minimun age for death penalty is set st 16 Stanford Kentucky 1959 Minimum age for death penalty is set at 16 Repery. Simmons 2005 Minimum age for death penalty is set at 18 Youths who are status offenders, delinquents and serious violent offend- ers also have the right to be heard during any of the stages in the juvenile jus- tice process. Other important Supreme Court cases presented in Chapter 2 have a direct bearing on juvenile court proceedings, as shown in Table 102, and should be kept in mind when looking at the juvenile court and how it differs from criminal court The Juvenile Court Process for Delinquency Cases Changes in the juvenile court interrelate with such factors as industrialization, urbanization, population shifts, the use of natural resources, the rapid develop ment of technology and the acceleration of transportation and communication. All have influenced the family and neighborhood, forcing communities to find new or additional sources of social control. This has given considerable impetus to taking a broader look at the juvenile court process, another version of which is illustrated in Figure 10,1 Custody, detention and intake were discussed in previous chapters. As noted, the juvenile court process is most often initiated by law enforcement with police agencies referring roughly two thirds of all arrested youths to a court with juvenile justice jurisdiction and diverting the other one third. The court, in turn, may also choose to divert juveniles out of the formal justice sys tem to receive treatment of services from other agencies. In fact, most cases Desde 310 SECTION I The Contemporary Juvenile Justice System I Youth taken into custody of amesed dolution Refer to another agency Demiss Intako process and hearing Wave to adat Court Refer to wente court Pestion filed/summons served Preliminary howing or conference Adjudicatory hearing arra PS ordered Dismiss Dispositional hearing orientering Other Probson Ploed Figure 10.1 The Juvenile Court Process Cerg Learning 2013 that enter juvenile court are eventually diverted, Prosecutors, likewise may file some juvenile cases-usually those involving serious, violent crimes or juve- niles with extensive criminal histories-directly to criminal court. In 2006 juvenile courts processed more than 1,6 million delinquency cases, an increase from the 1.15 million cases processed in 1985 but a decrease from a peak of 1.88 million cases processed in 1997 (Table 10.3) Research has found that first-time court appearance during high school increases the chances of dropping out of high school independent of involve- ment in delinquency (Sweeten 2006). The juvenile court process usually involves the filing of a petition, a detention hearing, an adjudication heating and a disposition hearing The Petition If the decision is made to file charges against a Juvenile, the district attorney files a petition, stating the name age and address of the minor; what parts of the code sections the minor broke; if the charges are misdemeanors or felonies Concert at the voordele
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Running head: THE DEVELOPMENT OF JUVENILE JUSTICE

The Development of Juvenile Justice
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF JUVENILE JUSTICE

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The Development of Juvenile Justice
The issue of how to oversee youthful miscreants has tormented society since before the
establishment of the first juvenile court. Going before that improvement, juvenile reprobate was
set up through the adult court, and every now and again got merciless order. By 1940s, disengage
juvenile courts existed in each state. The juvenile system took after the adult structure; the
juvenile system relied upon a restorative/rehabilitative model. This article will show how the
improvement/headway begin for the juvenile system.
Before the turn of the twentieth century, youths were managed as adults by the court
system. This was by there were no specific courts for overseeing youth. For sure, even as in front
of the calendar as the beginning of the nineteenth century, there was creating stress over the
welfare of youths especially those viewed as criminal. Society's response to this creating issue of
overlooked youths was to make spots of haven (Loeber, 2010).
By the mid-nineteenth century, reformers were mentio...


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