ENGL102 Grading Rubric
|
English Language Department
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
|
Term 181
Final Report (20%)
Grade
Task Completion
Organization
A+
A
Excellent
Very good
● a skilful addressing of the task
● clearly states and supports thesis
● report is fully developed
● ideas are relevant, extended & well
supported
● excellent overall organisation and flow.
• ideas are presented in a logical order
● formatting is excellent throughout
● report parts are skilfully organised
● adheres to stated word count
Good
● all parts of task are achieved well
● presents & supports main ideas but may
lack focus or over-generalize
● thrust of the report is sound, though some
parts may be underdeveloped or unclear
● clear overall organisation and flow
● ideas can be followed easily
● formatting is very good throughout
● significantly overlength
D
● excellent quality of sources
● references skilfully recorded
● skilful citation of sources
● appropriate language used throughout
● occasional language errors, but
communication is not compromised
● a mix of simple & complex sentences
● some use of colloquial/informal language
● good quality of sources
• report is well referenced
● citations are generally accurate
● references are generally error-free
satisfies all requirements for the band below, but not all of those above
● task is achieved adequately
● an approach is discernible, though it may
not be well supported
● some main ideas may be underdeveloped
or unclear
● some irrelevant details included
● adequate organisation and flow of ideas
● all report parts are represented (cover,
contents, introduction, body, conclusion)
● formatting may be inappropriate in places
D+
Poor
● skilful range used flexibly & precisely
● rare grammar/spelling errors that do not
impede meaning
● uniform use of formal academic voice
● reads effortlessly
satisfies all requirements for the band below, but not all of those above
C+
C
Referencing
exceeds the requirements of the band below
B+
B
Language
● adequate language for the task
● mistakes in spelling & formation may cause
some difficulty
● some repetition or inappropriate vocabulary,
but does not impair meaning
● limited range of structures used
● adequate quality of sources
• adequate referencing throughout the report
● some mistakes in in-text citations
● some mistakes on references page
satisfies all requirements for the band below, but not all of those above
● task is achieved, but barely so
● some development of ideas, but may be
repetitive, irrelevant or unsupported
● mostly descriptive with minimal
development (i.e. no problem-solution,
comparison or argument)
ENGL102 Grading Rubric
|
● poor but barely adequate organization
● may be missing introduction, body or
conclusion
● paragraphing may be inappropriate
● table of contents missing or confusing
● limited control of spelling and grammar
● frequent grammar & punctuation mistakes
● error density affects meaning
● language causes strain for the reader
● predominance of poor quality sources
● frequent citation errors
● errors in the reference list predominate
• significantly underlength
English Language Department
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
|
Term 181
Page 1 of 2
ENGL102 Grading Rubric
F
Fail
|
English Language Department
● no clear discernible approach
● the few ideas given are largely
undeveloped or irrelevant
● does not address the stated thesis
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
● no logical organization
● missing essential report parts
● no logical flow of ideas
|
Term 181
● spelling and grammar errors predominate
● extremely limited range
● reading causes severe strain to the reader
● inadequate summary / paraphrase / quotation
across the whole report
● missing in-text citations or references list
Notes: • Bolded phrases represent a grade ceiling; if the phrase is correct then the student cannot score above this grade in this column.
• Bands can only be achieved if all requirements for that band are met.
• Plagiarism results in a penalty imposed after the final grade for this assignment. Penalties should be equivalent to the total amount of inexcusable text matching.
ENGL102 Grading Rubric
|
English Language Department
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
|
Term 181
Page 2 of 2
ENGL102 Grading Rubric
|
English Language Department
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
|
Term 181
Final Report (20%)
Grade
Task Completion
Organization
A+
A
Excellent
Very good
● a skilful addressing of the task
● clearly states and supports thesis
● report is fully developed
● ideas are relevant, extended & well
supported
● excellent overall organisation and flow.
• ideas are presented in a logical order
● formatting is excellent throughout
● report parts are skilfully organised
● adheres to stated word count
Good
● all parts of task are achieved well
● presents & supports main ideas but may
lack focus or over-generalize
● thrust of the report is sound, though some
parts may be underdeveloped or unclear
● clear overall organisation and flow
● ideas can be followed easily
● formatting is very good throughout
● significantly overlength
D
● excellent quality of sources
● references skilfully recorded
● skilful citation of sources
● appropriate language used throughout
● occasional language errors, but
communication is not compromised
● a mix of simple & complex sentences
● some use of colloquial/informal language
● good quality of sources
• report is well referenced
● citations are generally accurate
● references are generally error-free
satisfies all requirements for the band below, but not all of those above
● task is achieved adequately
● an approach is discernible, though it may
not be well supported
● some main ideas may be underdeveloped
or unclear
● some irrelevant details included
● adequate organisation and flow of ideas
● all report parts are represented (cover,
contents, introduction, body, conclusion)
● formatting may be inappropriate in places
D+
Poor
● skilful range used flexibly & precisely
● rare grammar/spelling errors that do not
impede meaning
● uniform use of formal academic voice
● reads effortlessly
satisfies all requirements for the band below, but not all of those above
C+
C
Referencing
exceeds the requirements of the band below
B+
B
Language
● adequate language for the task
● mistakes in spelling & formation may cause
some difficulty
● some repetition or inappropriate vocabulary,
but does not impair meaning
● limited range of structures used
● adequate quality of sources
• adequate referencing throughout the report
● some mistakes in in-text citations
● some mistakes on references page
satisfies all requirements for the band below, but not all of those above
● task is achieved, but barely so
● some development of ideas, but may be
repetitive, irrelevant or unsupported
● mostly descriptive with minimal
development (i.e. no problem-solution,
comparison or argument)
ENGL102 Grading Rubric
|
● poor but barely adequate organization
● may be missing introduction, body or
conclusion
● paragraphing may be inappropriate
● table of contents missing or confusing
● limited control of spelling and grammar
● frequent grammar & punctuation mistakes
● error density affects meaning
● language causes strain for the reader
● predominance of poor quality sources
● frequent citation errors
● errors in the reference list predominate
• significantly underlength
English Language Department
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
|
Term 181
Page 1 of 2
ENGL102 Grading Rubric
F
Fail
|
English Language Department
● no clear discernible approach
● the few ideas given are largely
undeveloped or irrelevant
● does not address the stated thesis
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
● no logical organization
● missing essential report parts
● no logical flow of ideas
|
Term 181
● spelling and grammar errors predominate
● extremely limited range
● reading causes severe strain to the reader
● inadequate summary / paraphrase / quotation
across the whole report
● missing in-text citations or references list
Notes: • Bolded phrases represent a grade ceiling; if the phrase is correct then the student cannot score above this grade in this column.
• Bands can only be achieved if all requirements for that band are met.
• Plagiarism results in a penalty imposed after the final grade for this assignment. Penalties should be equivalent to the total amount of inexcusable text matching.
ENGL102 Grading Rubric
|
English Language Department
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
|
Term 181
Page 2 of 2
ENGL102 Grading Rubric
|
English Language Department
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
|
Term 181
Final Report (20%)
Grade
Task Completion
Organization
A+
A
Excellent
Very good
● a skilful addressing of the task
● clearly states and supports thesis
● report is fully developed
● ideas are relevant, extended & well
supported
● excellent overall organisation and flow.
• ideas are presented in a logical order
● formatting is excellent throughout
● report parts are skilfully organised
● adheres to stated word count
Good
● all parts of task are achieved well
● presents & supports main ideas but may
lack focus or over-generalize
● thrust of the report is sound, though some
parts may be underdeveloped or unclear
● clear overall organisation and flow
● ideas can be followed easily
● formatting is very good throughout
● significantly overlength
D
● excellent quality of sources
● references skilfully recorded
● skilful citation of sources
● appropriate language used throughout
● occasional language errors, but
communication is not compromised
● a mix of simple & complex sentences
● some use of colloquial/informal language
● good quality of sources
• report is well referenced
● citations are generally accurate
● references are generally error-free
satisfies all requirements for the band below, but not all of those above
● task is achieved adequately
● an approach is discernible, though it may
not be well supported
● some main ideas may be underdeveloped
or unclear
● some irrelevant details included
● adequate organisation and flow of ideas
● all report parts are represented (cover,
contents, introduction, body, conclusion)
● formatting may be inappropriate in places
D+
Poor
● skilful range used flexibly & precisely
● rare grammar/spelling errors that do not
impede meaning
● uniform use of formal academic voice
● reads effortlessly
satisfies all requirements for the band below, but not all of those above
C+
C
Referencing
exceeds the requirements of the band below
B+
B
Language
● adequate language for the task
● mistakes in spelling & formation may cause
some difficulty
● some repetition or inappropriate vocabulary,
but does not impair meaning
● limited range of structures used
● adequate quality of sources
• adequate referencing throughout the report
● some mistakes in in-text citations
● some mistakes on references page
satisfies all requirements for the band below, but not all of those above
● task is achieved, but barely so
● some development of ideas, but may be
repetitive, irrelevant or unsupported
● mostly descriptive with minimal
development (i.e. no problem-solution,
comparison or argument)
ENGL102 Grading Rubric
|
● poor but barely adequate organization
● may be missing introduction, body or
conclusion
● paragraphing may be inappropriate
● table of contents missing or confusing
● limited control of spelling and grammar
● frequent grammar & punctuation mistakes
● error density affects meaning
● language causes strain for the reader
● predominance of poor quality sources
● frequent citation errors
● errors in the reference list predominate
• significantly underlength
English Language Department
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
|
Term 181
Page 1 of 2
ENGL102 Grading Rubric
F
Fail
|
English Language Department
● no clear discernible approach
● the few ideas given are largely
undeveloped or irrelevant
● does not address the stated thesis
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
● no logical organization
● missing essential report parts
● no logical flow of ideas
|
Term 181
● spelling and grammar errors predominate
● extremely limited range
● reading causes severe strain to the reader
● inadequate summary / paraphrase / quotation
across the whole report
● missing in-text citations or references list
Notes: • Bolded phrases represent a grade ceiling; if the phrase is correct then the student cannot score above this grade in this column.
• Bands can only be achieved if all requirements for that band are met.
• Plagiarism results in a penalty imposed after the final grade for this assignment. Penalties should be equivalent to the total amount of inexcusable text matching.
ENGL102 Grading Rubric
|
English Language Department
|
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
|
Term 181
Page 2 of 2
[SEMESTER THEME]
[REPORT TITLE]
by
[YOUR NAME]
[YOUR STUDENT NUMBER]
ENGL102-[section/serial number]
[Your Major / Department]
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Prepared for
Mr. Lance King
Academic and Professional Communication
DESCRIPTIVE ABSTRACT
This report will blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah
yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah
blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah
yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah
blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah
yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah
blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah
yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah blahdiblah yahdayahdah.
[DATE SUBMITTED]
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
2
[REPORT RUNNING TITLE]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................................... iii
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 1
I.
COMMON DISEASES & CAUSES.......................................................................... 1
A. Malaria
B. Cholera
C. AIDS
D. Tuberculosis
E. Typhoid
F. Orphans
II.
IMPACTS ON THE POPULATION ........................................................................ 3
A. High Death Rate
B. Reduced Living Conditions
C. Economic and Social Problems
D. Individual Health Concerns
E. Community Dangers
III.
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS ........................................................................................... 5
A. Education and Awareness
B. Environmental Management
C. Social Amenities
D. Disease Management during Outbreaks
E. Accessible Medications
IV.
EVALUATION ........................................................................................................... 7
A. Education and Awareness
B. Environmental Management
C. Social Amenities
D. Disease Management during Outbreaks
E. Accessible Medications
F. Prevention
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 9
RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................... 10
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 11
ii
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
3
[REPORT RUNNING TITLE]
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES ......................................................................................................................page
Figure 1: Tuberculosis Rates by Country ...........................................................................2
Figure 2: Orphan Rates in Africa ........................................................................................3
Figure 3: AIDS Child Mortality Rates in Africa ................................................................4
Figure 4: Unimproved Water Sources ................................................................................6
TABLES ................................................................................................................................
Table I: African Orphan Statistics ......................................................................................5
Table II: African Educational Expenditure .........................................................................8
Sentences
Words [Intro to Conc]
SMOG
Flesch Reading Ease
167
1501
15.32
45.80
iii
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
INTRODUCTION
Background
Background and historical blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah while the main
problem are blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdibla blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah.
Purpose
The purpose of this report is to blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
Scope
This report will be of interest to blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yedadyda yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
I.
COMMON DISEASES & CAUSES
A. Malaria
Malaria blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
1
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
B. Cholera
Cholera blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblahlahdiblahlahdiblahlahdiblahlahdiblahlahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah h blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
C. Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
Figure 1: Tuberculosis Rates by Country (WHO, 2010)
2
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
C. AIDS
AIDS blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdi blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
Figure 2: Orphan Rates in Africa (UNAID & UNICEF, 2006)
E. Typhoid
Typhoid blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah.
F. Orphans
Orphans blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah y blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
3
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
4
blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
II.
IMPACT ON THE POPULATION
A. High Death Rate
The death rate is blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah.
Figure 3: AIDS Child Mortality Rates in Africa (WHO & UNAID, 2010)
B. Reduced Living Conditions
People in Africa are living in conditions that blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
5
C. Economic and Social Problems
There are also numerous economic and social problems that impact blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadahv blahdiblah yadayadah.
D. Individual Health Concerns
Individual concerns are varied blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadahv blahdiblah yadayadahv blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
Table I: African Orphan Statistics (UNAID & UNICEF, 2006)
E. Community Dangers
Communities are in constant danger of blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah.
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
III.
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
A. Education and Awareness
Education and public awareness play a vital role blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadahv.
B. Environmental Management
Environmental management blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
C. Social Amenities
Social Amenities blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
6
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
7
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadahv blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah.
Figure 4: Unimproved Water Sources (WHO/UNICEF, 2010)
D. Disease Management during Outbreaks
Managing diseases during times of outbreak blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
yadayadah blahdiblah.
E. Accessible Medications
Medicine needs to be more accessible blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
8
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
F. Prevention
Probably the most important consideration however is prevention blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah b blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah.
IV.
EVALUATION
A. Education and Awareness
Educating the public is no easy task blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
Table II: African Educational Expenditure
(Oloruntegbe, Alam, Akinsete, Odutuyi & Ayeni, 2010)
B. Environmental Management
Probably the most difficult solution to implement would be environmental management
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
C. Social Amenities
Social amenities are in a state of disrepair and would need considerable financial imput
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdibla blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
D. Disease Management during Outbreaks
Epidemics are very hard to control blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadahv.
E. Accessible Medications
Medicine is controlled by the something something organization, and blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
F. Prevention
Preventing these diseases is going to take united effort from all parties concerned, and
over all of the categories mentioned above blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
9
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
10
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
CONCLUSION
To conclude, blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah
yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Preventing these diseases is going to take united effort from all parties concerned, and
over all of the categories mentioned above blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah
blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah blahdiblah yadayadah.
[YOUR NAME]
[DATE]
[REPORT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS]
11
REFERENCES
Lönnroth, K., Castro, K., Chakaya, J., Chauhan, L., Floyd, K., Glaziou, P., & Raviglione, M.
(2010). Tuberculosis control and elimination 2010-50: cure, care, and social
development. (Vol. 375, p. 16). London: Elsevier Limited. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/biologyjournals/docview/346163191/1331334264460E13EC2
/18?accountid=27795
Oloruntegbe, K., Alam, G., Akinsete, A., Odutuyi, M., & Ayeni, E. (2010, Dec 14). Rethinking
development and sustainability of african economy: The roles of science education.
AfricaBusiness.com. Retrieved from http://africabusiness.com/2010/12/14/rethinkingdevelopment-and-sustainability-of-african-economy-the-roles-of-science-education/
Snow,R., & Marsh, K. (2010). Malaria in Africa: progress and pr ospects
in the decade since the Abuja declaration.(Vol.376, p.137). London:
Elsevier Limited. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/609334892?accountid=27795
UNAIDS. (2005). UNAIDS questions & answers. Retrieved from
http://www.unaids.org/epi/2005/doc/docs/en/QA_PartII_en_Nov05.pdf
UNAIDS & UNICEF. (2006). Countries in sub -Saharan Africa where
approximately 15% or more of all children are orphans. [Print
Graphic]. Retrieved from
http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Africas_Orphaned_and_Vulnerable_Generations
_Children_Affected_by_AIDS.pdf
UNICEF. (2010). World malaria day 2010: Africa update. (p. 48).
R e t r i e v e d f r o m http://www.unicef.org/media/files/rbm-reportII-en.pdf
WHO & UNAID. (Photographer). (2010). Estimated impact of aids on
u n d e r - 5 c h i l d m o r t a l i t y, s e l e c t e d A f r i c a c o u n t r i e s , 2 0 1 0 . [ P r i n t
P h o t o ] . R e t r i e v e d f r o m http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/lecture/SubSaharanAfrica34.gif
WHO. (2006). Constitution of the world health organization. (p. 20).
R e t r i e v e d f r o m http://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf
W H O . ( P h o t o g r a p h e r ) . ( 2 0 1 0 ) . E s t i m a t e d T B i n c i d e n c e r a t s , b y c o u n t r y,
2009. [Print Photo]. Retrieved from
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241564069_eng.pdf
WHO/UNICEF. (Photographer). (2010). 344 million people in Africa
without an improved drinking water source in 2008. [Print Photo].
Retrieved from
http://www.childinfo.org/files/Africa_AMCOW_Snapshot_2010_English_final.pdf
ENGLISH 102 SOURCE EVALUATION
NAME: Ali Al-Ali
ID: 201012340
#
1
SEC/SN: 12 / 28
REPORT TITLE (Provisional): The Effects of the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster
1. YOUR SOURCE
How long is your source? 3 pages.
How did you find the source?: I typed in “Chernobyl nuclear disaster effects” into the Google search engine.
This article was the third on the list.
Write a complete Works Cited/Reference for your source:
Day, A. (2011, May 03). Cleaning up the Chernobyl mess. Retrieved April 10, 2013,
from www.bbc.co.uk/science/123BD33
2. SUMMARY OF YOUR SOURCE
In a paragraph of between 50 and 100 words summarise the main points of your source.
This article discusses the main effects of the Chernobyl nuclear explosion that
happened in Ukraine in 1986. It firstly explains the main cause of the disaster,
human error, and then discusses the main effects both in the local area and in Europe
as a whole. It gives statistics on the number of people who became ill with cancer
over the following 20 years and it describes how farming in Europe was severely
affected for several years. It concludes with the methods used to try and clean up
the radioactivity that had fallen in Europe.
3. EVALUATION:
In a paragraph of between 50 and 100 words, explain why you chose this source for your report.
R.O.T.A.
I chose this article because it is all relevant to the main parts of my report. It contains
information about the type of nuclear plant, which fits in my Background section
and it has some brief information about the reasons for the explosion, which belongs
in the Causes section of my report. Most of the article, however, is concerned with
my main idea, which is the effects of the explosion and the problem of cleaning up.
The BBC is a reliable website and the level of the article is aimed at the average
reader. The article is quite new, about 4 months old, so it has the latest information
about the disaster. I googled the author, Angus Day, and he has been the BBC’s
science editor for the past 15 years so he is knowledgeable on this subject.
A COMPARISON OF BITCOIN WITH REAL CURRENCY
0
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... 1
List of Figures ................................................................................................................ 1
I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 2
II. BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 2
A. Concept of Money ......................................................................................... 2
B. Mystert of Bitcoin ......................................................................................... 3
III. TRADE OF CURRENCY ....................................................................................... 4
A. Traditional Financial System ........................................................................ 4
B. Exchange of Bitcoin ..................................................................................... 5
1. Bitcoin Wallet ................................................................................................. 5
2. Blockchain Technology .................................................................................. 6
IV. CONTROL OF CURRENCY ................................................................................. 7
A. Central Banks ................................................................................................ 7
B. Contolling Bitcoin ......................................................................................... 8
1. Benefits of Decentralization .......................................................................... 8
2. Risks of Bitcoin Exchange ............................................................................. 8
V. CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................... 9
REFERENCES............................................................................................................... 9
List of Figures
Figure 1 .......................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2 .......................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 3 .......................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 4 .......................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 5 .......................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 6 .......................................................................................................................... 8
1
I.
INTRODUCTION
This report will focus on the differences and similarities between traditional currency and
virtual cryptocurrency (Bitcoin). We will introduce a chronological brief of money and currency
used in the past till modern history, and the beginnings of Bitcoin will be included in the second
part of the background section. In the next part of this report, the trade and exchange of traditional
currency and Bitcoin will be discussed. Then, we will move to the discussion of controlling money
through central banks and financial institutes in comparison with the decentralized Bitcoin.
Finally, in our work, we will conclude the discussion between the potential of using cryptocurrency
against its risks involved due to the anonymous identity of its users.
II.
BACKGROUND
A. Concept of Money
Money is simply defined as a medium that carries a value which is exchanged between people
to acquire other valuable items such as food, beverages, clothes, …etc. There are multiple
definitions of money found in the literature, where money is theoretically defined when it
represents a valuable asset that is accepted for payment in return for goods, services, or settling
debts (Kubat, M., 2015). Currency is the latest form of money in which countries assign a standard
value to their currencies depending on multiple factors such as the economy, gold reserves, and
trading. Nowadays, money or currency has different forms physical, or virtual in which paper bills
(denominations) and metal coins are the physical form, and value of these bills could be
represented in digital forms as the case of credit cards and other electronic paying methods. Figure
1 presents a historical walkthrough of money evolution.
2
B. Mystery of Bitcoin
Bitcoin concept was first introduced by an anonymous
person called himself Satoshi Nakamoto in a white sheet
papers named “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash
System” in 2008 explaining theoretically how a transfer
between two parties could be done without the need for
intermediate
parties
(Nakamoto,
2008).
Bitcoin
is
considered the first cryptocurrency that was used in 2009
(CNBC, 2018). It is believed that Nakamoto could be an
individual or a group of people that aim to replace the current
financial system consisting of banks and other institutes after
the
2008
financial
crises.
According
to
CNBC
correspondent, Cheng (2018), reported that there are 21
million Bitcoins, where 17 million are in circulation between
active users, and additional 4 million Bitcoins will be
available for users after 122 years. There is a current debate
about the status of Bitcoin whither to consider it as money
or as an asset with specified value. Kubat (2015) compared
Bitcoin with the theoretical, empirical, and legal definitions
of money and concluded that those definitions do not apply
on Bitcoin.
3
Figure 1. Evolution of money in history. (The
Telegraph, 2014)
III.
TRADE OF CURRENCY
A. Traditional Financial System
In any country, people can use currency to conduct transactions either by using cash or through
electronic media. We can store our money in banks and transfer the money to another bank
accounts under the supervision of the banking systems. The traditional banking system allows for
reporting and observing the cash flow within its channels. The argument made is the need for a
third party (banks) to transfer and conduct transactions given the slow process and fees included.
Bitcoin on the other hand, does not require the involvement of third party, it allows for a direct
exchange between people in a timely manner. In 2016, the global trade of commodities totaled
$11.2 trillion which, therefore, is being transferred through financial institutes (World Trading
Organization, 2017). See Figure 2 for more illustration.
Figure 2. World Merchandise Exports by Major Groups. (WTO, 2017)
4
E-commerce has encouraged the use of digital form of currencies that users now are able to conduct
online payments. The most known to us of those online platforms such as Amazon, eBay, Alibaba,
and other services such as streaming giants Netflix, and Hulu. Figure 3 shows the sales through
online platforms. Western Union is one of the global electronic platforms of direct money transfer
where peer-to-peer transferring totaled to $286 million and $528 million in business payments
only in 2016 (Western Union, 2017).
Figure 3. E-commerce Sales. (World Bank, 2018)
B. Bitcoin Exchange
This section will shed light on the process of obtaining Bitcoin and how the users are assured
with trading Bitcoins.
1. Bitcoin Wallet
Wallet is a software that allows users to receive and to transfer an agreed upon amount of Bitcoins
for a specific transaction. At this stage, you can acquire Bitcoin from exchange platforms like
5
Gemini, itBit, …etc., or by receiving Bitcoin from another user. In some countries such as the
United States, Bitcoin is considered as a commodity that has a value which all rules and regulations
Figure 4. Bitcoin in USD. Retrieved from: https://www.ccn.com/bitcoin-price
are applied under the Commodity Exchange Act (U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission,
n.d.). For more information about the worth of Bitcoin in USD see Figure 4.
2. Blockchain Technology
According to Bitcoin.com (2019), blockchain is a public lodger shared in the bitcoin network.
It includes the chronical order of every Bitcoin which can verify the authenticity by cryptographic
rules. It “is a temper-resistance database of transactions consistent across a large number of
nodes” (Beck, 2018). The blockchain technology capable of performing transactions between users
without the need of a third party such as banks, see Figure 5. This operation is not run by a single
computer, but by multiple nodes (computers) active on the network where they process (mine) the
cryptic transactions (Beck, 2018).
6
Figure 5. How blockchains work. (World Bank, 2017)
IV.
CONTROL OF CURRENCY
A. Central Banks
Legitimate currency is recognized by the financial institutes as medium that stores value and
exchanged in countries transactions. Central Banks around the world work as a regulator that
oversee the financial system and implement taxes, fees, penalties, …etc. The current banking
system is a hurdle for non-legitimate activities due to security scrutiny and strict reporting system
of shady transactions. People do, to some extent, trust leaving and exchanging their money in
banks, but others believe that is a form of privacy violation which the banks have access to their
accounts’ activities. In the United States, the Treasury Department is the Central regulator party
that supervise the money exchange and currency circulation among other important obligations.
The U.S. Dollar in circulation is estimated to be $1.4 trillion according to the Federal Reserve
Bank of San Francisco (FRBSF) depicted in Figure 6.
7
B.
Controlling Bitcoin
1.
Benefits of Decentralization
As mentioned previously, Bitcoin users have anonymous
identity unless they choose to uncover their addresses to the
network. In addition to that, blockchain is the key factor for
operating the network where transactions are being done through
mathematical calculations that no third parties are needed to
conduct transactions (Nakamoto, 2008). The silver lining of
Bitcoin exchange is the ability to avoid the slowly process, costly
fees, and protect against recession and the collapse of currency.
Beck (2018) acknowledged that decentralized blockchains
provide a transparent and visible transparent.
2.
Risks of Bitcoin Exchange
There are potential risks associated with Bitcoin exchange
especially with the emerging of dark web. The U.S. commodity
Future Trading Commission (n.d.) stated that Bitcoin exchange is
vulnerable to hackers’ attacks, fraud, and manipulation. other
risks lie in trading with illicit drugs, guns, money laundering,
child pornography, and other illegal items with the addition of
Figure 6. USD circulation. (FRBSF, 2016)
extremely deviation of Bitcoin prices (World Bank, 2017).
8
V.
CONCOLUSION
To summarize, the topic mainly discusses the differences between traditional currencies either
as physical or digital form and the virtual cryptocurrency (namely Bitcoin). We found that the cash
being circulated in the world between two parties is under the supervision of financial institutions
such as banks, intergovernmental, or governmental financial organizations. The rising popularity
of Bitcoin in recent years has been attributed to the needless existence of third parties that peer-topeer transactions is possible with less time and cost without any alleged privacy violation. We
found that from different assessments that Bitcoins exchange have inherent risks where the
anonymous identities of users and inability to track illegal activities are a major concern for
obvious reasons. In my opinion, Bitcoin exchange is premature technological tool that should be
improved to insure that no illegal deeds are involved when transactions are made by Bitcoin, but I
believe the revolutionary blockchain technology will help improve record tracking for other fields
saving money and time.
REFERECES
[1] Beck, R. (2018). Beyond Bitcoin: The Rise of Blockchain World. Computer, 51(2), 54-58.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8301120/
[2] Bitcoin.org. (2019). How Does Bitcoin Work? Retrieved from: https://www.Bitcoin.org
[3] CNBC. (2018, April 26). There are now 17 million bitcoins in existence — only 4 million left
to 'mine'. Retrieved from: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/26/there-are-now-17-million-bitcoinsin-existence--only-4-million-left-to-mine.html
[4] Kubát, M. (2015, August). Virtual currency bitcoin in the scope of money definition and store
of value. Paper presented at the 4th Economics & Finance Conference, United Kingdom.
Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212567115013088?via%3Dihub
9
[5] Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Retrieved from:
www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
[6] U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission. (n.d.). Bitcoin Basics. Retrieved from:
https://www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/idc/groups/public/%40customerprotection/documents/file
/oceo_bitcoinbasics0218.pdf
[7] World Bank. (2018). The Fintech Revolution: A Threat to Global Banking? Malaysia &
Chile: Author.
[8] World Trade Organization. (2017). Merchandise trade and trade in commercial services.
Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
[9] Western Union. (2017). Western Union Notice of 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders,
Proxy Statement & 2016 Annual. Retrieved from: https://corporate.westernunion.com/annualreport/highlights.html
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