(x5) Arrangement Incomplete (1) This paper does not follow the introduction, body, and conclusion format. The writing does not adhere to the basic mechanics of spelling and/or grammar. Needs Improvement (2) This paper is structured so that there is an introduction, body, and conclusion, but the thesis is missing or unclear. Spelling and/or grammatical errors are common. Acceptable (3) This paper is structured so that there is an introduction, body, and conclusion. The thesis and conclusion is vague but present. There are several spelling and/or grammatical errors. Good (4) This paper is structured so that there is an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction has a thesis and the paper has a conclusion. There are minimal spelling and/or grammatical errors. This paper fails to clearly articulate a position on a controversial issue. This paper articulates a position on a controversial topic, but fails to use compelling evidence. This paper articulates a position on a controversial topic. It identifies evidence but does not fully integrate evidence into its arguments. This paper fails to incorporate in-text citations. This paper uses sources that lack credibility, are outdated, and are not clearly connected to the topic. This paper is missing a title page, is not written in Times New Roman font, and/or does not have 1” margins. This paper uses credible and up-to-date, sources that are clearly connected to the topic with minor inaccuracies. This paper includes a title page, but it contains three or more inaccuracies. This paper articulates a position on a controversial topic. It is well reasoned and supported with compelling evidence that is fully integrated into its arguments, as well as recognizes opposing viewpoints. This paper uses credible and up-to-date sources that are clearly connected to the topic accurately. This paper uses less than six sources, or has more than five APA mistakes on the references page. This paper uses at least six references but there are three to five APA mistakes on the references page. (x5) Argumentation (x5) Use of Evidence (x3) Format (x2) References (APA) This paper does not meet the minimum page requirement, is not double-spaced, and/or fails to utilize 12-point font size. This paper does not include references, or does not follow APA format. This paper is not stapled and/or does not include a rubric. This paper uses at least six references, and there are less than three APA mistakes on the references page. Excellent (5) This paper is structured so that there is an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction has a clear and explicit thesis, the conclusion is concise, and the paper flows nicely. There are no spelling or grammatical errors. This paper articulates a position on a controversial topic. It is well reasoned, fully integrates compelling evidence, and recognizes and addresses opposing viewpoints. This paper uses credible, up-to-date, and primary sources that are clearly connected to the topic accurately. This paper is a full 2 to 3 pages; is written in 12point, Times New Roman font; has 1” margins; is double spaced; has a title page attached to the front and a rubric attached to the back; and is stapled. This paper uses at least six references, and there are no blatant mistakes on the references page. 1 Should Higher Education be Free for Everyone? Should Higher Education be Free for Everyone? name date COMM 104 – section ID # : 2 Should Higher Education be Free for Everyone? Should Higher Education be Free for Everyone? The U.S’ higher education has received a barrage of criticism over the last few years with some arguing that the system is broken and needs fixing. The frustration, by many, is understandable, given the skyrocketing cost of higher education. Over the past three decades, the cost of higher education has risen by more than 400 percent, a cost escalation that is higher than ever in any country (Butcher, 2015). The debt burden for the U.S student is on the rise, and has passed the trillion-dollar mark. The high cost of college education is, perhaps, the reason why the debate on whether college is a worthy investment has become prominent today. Which begs the question, should higher education be free for everyone? This paper is of the opinion that higher education is important, not only to an individual to a country’s economy, and hence should be universal access go higher education through public universities. Even though college fee has skyrocketed in the United States, the case for obtaining a university degree remains strong. On average, going to university college is still seen to be a good investment by many people because of a number of reasons. For example, a college educated individual is likely to earn more than someone without a college education (Sellingo, 2016). Getting a college education increases one’s chances of getting higher paying jobs with better benefits. In countries like Germany, France, Finland, and other European countries, college education is either free or completely subsidized by the government. There are a number of benefits associated with free college education, as has been seen in most European countries. According to Goldrick-Rab (2016), investment in college education pays off in growth and innovation. Today, millions of Americans, including the poor and the upper middle class, struggle to pay for their college education. The high cost of college education has plunged parents and their children into debt, and people are forced to work harder and for 3 Should Higher Education be Free for Everyone? longer hours. Students from all social classes also drop out of school with a huge debt that take them long to repay. The American greatness was part due to the mass education, especially at the elementary and secondary school level. Through free college education, the U.S government will give more people the opportunity to earn a university degree. Employees are more inclined to higher college graduates because the workers tend to have more and up-to-date technical abilities, analytical thinking skills, problem solving skills and strong team working and overall work ethic that is required for corporate success. Higher education translates into better jobs and better standards of living for the people, and hence the government can also benefit from revenue collection through collection. Even though critics have argued that free college education will be a burden to the tax payers, the reality is that the long-term benefits outweigh the burden of tax (Crawford, Gregg, Macmillan, et al., 2016). The college educated population can afford to pay higher taxes that go towards funding programs such as healthcare, public education, and infrastructure development. College education has also been associated with decision-making at the top levels. With free college education, there will be more educated people in positions of leadership, and hence this could translate into better and well-informed decision-making. In societies with high proportion of college graduates, there is always faster progress especially when it comes to solving the most difficult and collective challenges affecting the society. Countries such Finland have one of the best political system and decision-making process because the majority of the people are college educated (Kosunen, 2018). America could borrow from the European countries that offer free public university education as a way of improving all the aspects of the society, including economy and politics. With free education, young people’s participation in political discourse and other conversations aimed at building the society would likely 4 Should Higher Education be Free for Everyone? increase (Samuels, 2013). This is because no young American would be spending his her getting stressed up on where to get money to pay off the student debt. The issue of student debt is a big problem in the U.S society. The total student debt has reached $1.3 trillion, the highest of any country. Every student graduating from college starts off with a debt that will take him or her years to pay off (Sellingo, 2016). This make it hard for young people to grow economically. According to Crawford, Gregg, Macmillan, et al (2016), young people graduating from college have diminishing chances of owning a home, getting married, having children, and accumulating wealth. This is bad economic indicator for the country that can only be solved if the problem of debt crisis is solved. One of the ways of dealing with the student debt crisis is by providing free public university education to the bright and young American talents (Butcher, 2015). Not only will this approach solve the debt crisis, it will also give many Americans, especially those from the minority communities, an opportunity to express their creativity and ingenuity. In conclusion, college education in America is a subject of heated debate because people are divided to go about the issue. Even though there are many benefits of getting a college degree, many people have questioned the economics of it given the skyrocketing costs involved (Samuels, 2013). With a free college education, however, the government can solve the problem of student debt while also giving more people an opportunity to contribute to the economy. 5 Should Higher Education be Free for Everyone? References Butcher, A. (2015). What Exactly is the Impact of Free Higher Education? Non-Profit Quarterly Journal. Crawford, C., Gregg, P., Macmillan, L., Vignoles, A., & Wyness, G. (2016). Higher education, career opportunities, and intergenerational inequality. Oxford Review of Economic Policy.32(4):553-575. Gavindarajan, V., & Desai, J. (2013). Should Higher Education be Free? Harvard Business Review. Goldrick-Rab, S. (2016). Paying the Price: College costs, financial Aid and the betrayal of the American dream. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kosunen, S. (2018). Access to higher education in Finland: emerging processes of hidden privatization. Nordic Journal of Studies in Education Policy. 4(2):67-77. Samuels, R. (2013). Why public Higher education should be free: How to decrease cost and increase quality in American universities. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. Sellingo, J. (2016). Two-Thirds of College Grads Struggle to Launch Their Careers. Harvard Business Review. RUNNING HEAD 1 References Alsamydai, M. J. (2016). The trust of viral advertising messages and its impact on attitude and behavior intentions of consumers. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 8, 136145. doi: 10.5539/ijms.v8n5p136 AngryJoeShow. (2016, August 21). No Man’s Sky angry review [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTTPlqK8AnY Chonko, L. B. (1995). Ethical decision making in marketing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. cpp is king. (2016, August 8). So, what do you do in No Man’s Sky? [Online forum post]. Retrieved from http://www.neogaf.com/forum/showthread.php?t=946996 Crossley, R., & Corriea, A. R. (2016, March 3). No Man’s Sky interview: “People want crazy, innovative games”. Gamespot.com. Retrieved from https://www.gamespot.com/articles/no-mans-sky-interview-people-want-crazyinnovative/1100-6435312/ Grice, H. P. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Hatier, C. (2014). The morality of university decision-makers. Studies in Higher Education, 39, 1085-1096. doi:10.1080/03075079.2013.777408 PlayStation. (2016a, July 20). No Man’s Sky – FIGHT video | PS4 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dOk2uBTYAE [PSA] steam is offering No Man’s Sky refunds regardless of playtime. (2016, August 27). [Online forum post]. Retrieved from https://www.reddit.com/r/NoMansSkyTheGame/comments/4zuydl/psa_steam_is_offerin g_no_mans_sky_refunds/ References ONE author Last, F. M. (Year). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, Vol, xx-xx. doi: Two authors Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Vol, xx-xx. doi: Three to Six authors Last, F. M., Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Vol, xx-xx. doi: Book Last, F. M. (Year). Title of the book: Subtitle of book. Location: Publisher. Last, F. M. (Year). Title of the book [Online Publication]. Retrieved from http:// Edited Book Last, F. M. (Ed.). (Year). Title of the book. Location: Publisher. Chapter in a book Last, F. M. (Year). Title of the chapter. In F. M. Editor (Ed.), Title of the book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher. Last, F. M. (Year). Title of the chapter. In F. M. Editor, & S. M. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from http:// Online Newspaper Last, F. M. (Year, Date). Title of the source: Subtitle of the source. Source Location. Retrieved from: http:// Website Last name, F. M. (Year). Title of the article. Retrieved from http:// In-text Citations Quoting: Citing something “word-for-word” from a source Paraphrasing: Citing a general idea from a source in your own words Rules with In-text Citations Last name and year need to be part of the citation. - Last (Year) or (Last, Year) Baker (2017) or (Baker, 2017) Multiple authors need an “&” if in parentheses. (Baker & Sutherland, 2017). If author is missing, cite using the first 3 words of the title (Free College Tuition, 2014). You can mention the authors in your text Baker and Sutherland (2017) found…… If mentioning the article, you need to state the full name (with quotation marks) and year In the article “Free College Tuition for Everyone” (2014)… What to do if there are multiple authors? Two authors (Baker & Sutherland, 2017) or Baker and Sutherland (2017) Three to Five - First time (Baker, Atkinson, & Sutherland, 2017) or Baker, Atkinson, and Sutherland (2017) - Second time (and thereafter) (Baker et al., 2017) or Baker et al. (2017) Six or more (Atkinson et al., 2017) or Atkinson et al. (2017) - Citing multiple source Atkinson (2015), Baker (2013), and Sutherland (2017) (Atkinson, 2015; Baker, 2013; Sutherland, 2017) - Groups National Institute of Drug Research (NIDR, 2014) Sample In-text Citations Baker (2017) XXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXX. XXXX XXXX X X XXX XX X XXXX (Baker, 2017). Baker (2017) XXXX XXXXX XXXXX XX X X X XXXXXXX. XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX. XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX (Baker, 2017). Baker (2017) XXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXX XXXX XXXXX XXX. Baker XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX. XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XX X X XXXXXX (Baker, 2017). XXXX XXXX XXXX X X X X. XXXXX XX XXXXX X X XXXX X X XXX X X (Baker, 2017). In-Text Examples According, Dorfman (2013) college athletes receive several sources of funding, such as scholarships, stipends, educational expenses, etc., that amount to $125,000. He also argued that student athletes receive training and medical funding that most nonathletic students do not have access to. Similarly, athletes are provide meal plans that supplement the cost of shopping and groceries (Johnson, 2014). Thus, it seems that student athletes are receiving compensation for their hard work, but just not in the form of a salary in which most athletes desire (Student athletes want, 2010).
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