1. Restate your observation (already done in first assignment). If you wish or feel the need to do so, you can pick a new observation and start over. If you do this, please refer to the first assignment in order to remind you what is required. If you need to revise anything that you, please do so.2. Restate your three models (already done in first assignment). Many of you may have to come up with new models. Also, if it was stated poorly in the first exercise, fix it now. As always, remember PROCESS. Then make sure you have followed the other rules of thumb: Generality and interesting implications. Also, remember this isn’t a list itemizing different reasons for something, but rather models that are explaining how or why something happens. Ideally, for this assignment, they should be competing models where only one of them can be true. The format should be the same as in the first homework assignment. The first sentence is a simple sentence stating the model. The next couple of sentences can explain how the model relates to the observation. The model should be separate from the observation. Most people have a tendency to state a model too specific to the observation. Watch out for this.3. State two interesting implications (hypotheses) for each model. Remember to refer to Lave and March for what makes a good model. There are new concepts, also: Simplicity and Fertility. If you are not able to come up with a wide variety of implications and hypotheses, it may be because your model isn’t fertile. Remember the rules of thumb (Generality and Interesting Implications). A few sentences should suffice for each implication.4. Describe natural experiments that will discriminate between the models. We call any experiment that distinguishes between two models a critical experiment. So, these should be natural experiments that are also critical experiments. (We will refine this more in the next assignment.) There need to be at least two experiments (if it is well done). Three would probably be better. Do not combine this section with section 3 (above). It is a distinct section although many of you will find it repetitive. Depending on your observation and your models, the natural experiments may be very similar to a re-stating of your implications. If this occurs, don’t panic. Likewise, don’t expect or anticipate this to happen.The following four points are guidelines/requirements.A) The experiments must be critical experiments. (Refer to Lave and March section 3.2.2.)B) You must have enough critical experiments to distinguish all of your models from each other. Remember, if an experiment predicts the same result for each model, then it is not a good experiment.C) All of the experiments must be natural experiments (as defined by Lave and March – and in class).D) Make sure that you specify which model is supported by a particular experimental outcome. And make sure that for each experiment you discuss more than one outcome.In addition, you will have to operationalize all of the variables used in the experiments, and you will have to indicate which variables are dependent variables and which variables are independent variables.Thus, your assignment will look like this:Section One (old/revised): A description of your observation.Section Two (old/revised): Stating your first model and explaining how it relates to your observation.Section Three (new): State the two implications for your first model. Discuss each implication separately. Use two paragraphs, one for each implication.Section Four (old/revised): Stating your second model and explaining how it relates to your observation.Section Five (new): State the two implications for your second model. Discuss each implication separately. Use two paragraphs, one for each implication.Section Six (old/revised): Stating your third model and explaining how it relates to your observation.Section Seven (new): State the two implications for your third model. Discuss each implication separately. Use two paragraphs, one for each implication.Section Eight (new): Describe one of your critical experiments. (Remember it has to be a natural experiment as well.) State what the experiment is. State which two models it is distinguishing between. And state what you would expect to see if one of the models is true, and state what you would expect to see if the other model is true.The description of the first critical experiment should look something likea) Describe the experiment.b) State which are the independent and dependent variables.c) State how you are going to operationalize the variables.d) Describe the outcomes and state which model each outcome supportsSection Nine (new): Repeat Section Eight with another critical experiment.Section Ten (new): Repeat yet again with yet another Critical experiment. (Remember, unless you can distinguish all three of you models from each other with only two critical experiments, it is strongly recommended that you use three critical experiments to successfully distinguish all of you models from each other.) Note: If your first experiment distinguishes Models 1 and 3, your other experiments cannot alldistinguish Models 1 and 3 and never discuss Model 2. I assume this is obvious.You should separate the sections. Do not merely write one long paragraph. We want to easily see you points.Realize that we are expecting more at this point. Just because you received nine or ten points on your previous assignment does not mean that you will earn as many points for the same work here.

Please follow the content plan that i will attach to do this assignment the first person that did it i received a 0 on the assignment.The purpose of this assignment is to promote legislative change either in favor of or opposed to your policy. A policy brief is a concise document developed with the intent of advocating for or against a specific policy. Often times policy briefs are distributed to policy makers (ex: Senators, Members of Congress, City Mayor, etc.) to inform their voting practices on specific laws. In this assignment, students will pick one of the three topics explored during the semester in which to develop a policy brief. A policy brief should be a stand-alone document, ensuring that a non-health reader can completely understand the policy and its intent without the use of additional information.It is important that your policy brief be well designed, visually pleasing, and efficiently written. See example posted in Canvas. Remember, the goal of this document is to persuade the reader to vote in favor of or against a policy, therefore, the reader must be both: 1) informed and 2) intrigued by the content and appearance of the policy brief. The end result should be a document which attracts attention and promotes a firm position on a specific policy within a limited space (3 pages). The reader should be able to understand your position and ideas within 1 minute of skimming the document.Students must integrate grading feedback they receive on the Policy Choice and Content worksheets to develop the policy brief. These worksheets are intended to help with the content of the policy brief. Additional work will need to be completed to address all content, formatting, and technical requirements.Technical Requirements:3 page documentSubmit a PDF version of your document to ensure correct formatting. You can use another program, such as Word or Publisher, but submit only a PDF document. Language/Tone/Word choice – your policy brief should include all of the following language elements:Use of active voice – a direct and clear approach to communication (see https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/539/02/ (Links to an external site.) for detailed examples).Direct and professional. Make your discussion simple and concise.Absence of jargon not known by someone outside the health fieldClear writing. Hint: the general rule of thumb is to keep information at the 7th or 8th grade reading level without the use of slang, figures of speech, or colloquial language.Visual Appeal – your policy brief must include all of the following visual elements:Organization, separation, and spacing of content that is visually appealingNo cluttered information or imagesEffective use of white spaceInformation clearly flows from one section to the nextConsistency in use of visual cues (bullet points, headings, indentation, etc.)Visual ContentInclude at least 1 accent colorUse the color throughout the document to help with content flow and visual appealInclude at least 2 imagesEach must be a crisp/clear image without a watermark or pixilation and clearly connected to the content on that pageInclude at least 1 type of data representation (figure, graph, chart, etc.)This data should help support your policy recommendation and be specifically related to the policy you are briefingReferencesMust include at least 2 reliable and reputable sourcesRefer to each source within the text of the brief, but do NOT use APA formatting. All sources should be recognized in the following manner:“According to the American Journal of Public Health……..”“According to Dr. Sheldon Cooper……” Formatting and Content Checklist:Page 1: Title - Original, creative title intended to both inform and intrigue the reader (hint: Write this last)Public Health BackgroundDescription of the problem as a public health issue (i.e., what is second hand smoke?, What is medical marijuana?, etc.)Summary of Public Health SignificanceImplications of the problemWhat is the big picture? What is the scope of the problem? (i.e., effects on quantity and quality of life)Use statistics and data to describe the magnitude of the issueHook element – Should be a brief, emotionally-stimulating text to engage and persuade the reader.Include 1 image on this page connected to the public health issue. This image should highlight the public health problem.Page 2:Current Laws/Policies related to the problem (include at least 2)What has already been accomplished?Consider if the policy was successful or unsuccessful.This can include policies from other cities, states, or countries that are closely connected to your policy recommendationData VisualizationInclude specific, visual data that justifies your stance and points to the need for your recommendation.Data can take the form of a graph, table, map, etc.Data should not be solely written as text within a paragraphPage 3:Opposition & RefuteWhat is a claim made by opponents of your policy recommendation?How would you refute (or go against) the claim made by your opponents?Remember, you want to have the last word and powerfully convince the reader why your opponents are wrong.Policy RecommendationInclude an existing, actual, concrete policy on your issue (this is what you want people to vote for or against).Be sure to include the specific name and details of the policy.Include a call to action as your last sentence. This is where you tell people what you want them to do: vote for or against your enhancement to the policy as it stands.Contact informationYour name and any credentials or certificationsPhone, email, and website (if applicable)Professional photo. A professional photo is one that could be used on a LinkedIn account or show you in a professional capacity. DO NOT include photos with distracting backgrounds, non-professional dress, or other people/animals in the photo. Usually, these photos include only the torso and head/neck.Policy ResourcesInclude at least 5 resources for the reader of organization or agencies that have a vested interest in the issue and are supportive of your policy recommendation. These can be local, national, or international resources. Be sure to include the full name for each resource.Include 1 image on this page connected to the public health issue/policy recommendation. This image should highlight the solution.PLEASE FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS AND THE SAME POLICY AS CHOSEN IN THE CONTENT PLAN THAT IS ATTACHED BELOW

Analyze the value chain analysis of your favorite company and describe the strengths and how they achieve economies of scale in their industry.