What comes first? The words to describe something or the thought about certain phenomena such as for example death? Language as a mode of thought is one of the characteristics that allow human beings to come to terms with difficult questions in life and communicate these with others. Socrates in the Apology argues that he does not fear death. He offers a number of reasons for his claim, which you analyzed in the group discussion.  While analyzing the argument, consider whether the language you use is shaping your thought or thought is shaping your language. Use your “mental eye” to observe how you come to argue what you argue. You will not have to include these thoughts into your written argument but keep them in mind.  Primary Readings: Plato. Apology 35e-42 (IP 33-37).

Think about one specific attitude you have about something important to you. Why do you think as you do? What has influenced the development of the attitude you have toward this topic? What actions do you take because of this attitude? What would it take to change this attitude if you wanted to? Is an attitudinal change possible?Attitudes are formed and maintained in many ways. Social psychologists have studied how people form their attitudes for decades and from many perspectives. Why are researchers so interested in attitude? For one thing, your attitude typically influences your behavior. For example, attitudes about political topics such as war, abortion, civil rights, and so on, influence voting behavior. Advertisers attempt to create attitudes about the products they are trying to sell with the ultimate goal of making money for their clients. Persuasion is an attempt to change an attitude. Political operatives, advertisers, and others thoughtfully create persuasive messages to change attitudes and ultimately behavior.For this paper, you examine messages that you have seen recently and consider how they attempted to be persuasive regarding attitude formation or change.To prepare:Read Chapter 7 in your course text, Social Psychology.Review the website, “Powers of Persuasion: Poster Art From World War II” to see examples of propaganda messages intended to influence attitudes.Think about a particular persuasive message (i.e., a message that is persuasive to you or tries to be persuasive) you have seen recently in the media. It could be a political message; a public service campaign; a commercial on television, radio, or online; a print ad in a magazine or newspaper; or an op-ed piece. Generally, the message should not be a news story if the news story is an objective report with the intent to inform and not persuade.Post a a brief description (700 +/- WORDS) of the ad/campaign/commercial/etc. and a description of its message. Please provide an Internet link to the message itself if that is where you found it. Who does the target audience seem to be? Then, apply what you have learned about attitude formation and attitude change to the message. In other words, analyze how the message uses attitude theory and information about how to form and/or change attitudes (or behaviors) in its messaging. Be specific and provide examples.Sources to be used:Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Sommers, S. (2016). Social psychology (9th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. Chapter 5, “The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context”Chapter 6, “The Need to Justify Our Actions: The Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction” (pp. 157–159; 169–186)Chapter 7, “Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings”The National Archives. (n.d.). Powers of persuasion: Poster art from World War II. Retrieved from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/powers_of_persuas... Required MediaAnnenberg Learner. (2001). The self [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/series/discoveringpsycholog... Document: Annenberg Learner. (2001). The self (Transcript of Media). View the excerpt on self-concept and self-efficacy found at minutes 6:03–10:36 of the video (lines 39–73 of transcript)Optional ResourcesDocument: Week 4 Study Guide (PDF)Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Sommers, S. (2016). Social psychology (9th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. "Social Psychology in Action 2: Social Psychology and Health" (pp. 476–486)Berger, J., Meredith, M., & Wheeler, S. C. (2008). Contextual priming: Where people vote affects how they vote. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 105(26), 8846–8849.Rydell, R. J., Sherman, S. J., Boucher, K. L., & Macy, J. T. (2012). The role of motivational and persuasive message factors in changing implicit attitudes toward smoking. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 34(1), 1–7. Snyder, M. (1974). Self monitoring scale [Interactive measurement instrument]. Retrieved from http://personality-testing.info/tests/SMS/ This is a 25-item, 2-minute Interactive version of the Self Monitoring Scale. (This is part of a current research project and so scores will be recorded, used, and possibly shared with other researchers. Any information that could reasonably be used to identify you will not be shared.)Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). Narcissistic personality inventory [Interactive measurement instrument]. Retrieved from http://personality-testing.info/tests/NPI.phpThis site provides a self-report measure of narcissism and feedback about one’s score.Cuddy, A. (2012, June). Your body language shapes who you are [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes_who_you_are?language=en This video demonstrates the concept of power posing. The relevant part of Cuddy's TED Talk is from 09:37 to the end. The entire video is approximately 21 minutes.PLEASE USE THE REQUIRED RESOURCES PROVIDED. IF LINK TO TEXTBOOK IS REQUIRED PLEASE ASK.