NMI Veterans Struggling With the Stigma of PTSD

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fhzzretvey1977

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Northeast Montessori Institute

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Answer the following questions in numbered form. Use the attached rough draft and only the resources listed in references as sources.

1. In one or two sentences, state your first recommendation and describe how this will address the problem of

Veterans Struggling With the Stigma of PTSD

. Note: Remember to cite your sources.

2. In one or two more sentences, what specific steps need to be taken to implement this recommendation? Note: Remember to cite your sources.

3. In one sentence, what psychological perspective does your first recommendation draw from or utilize?

4.In two or three sentences, explain what psychological theories or concepts your recommendation is based on. Note: Remember to cite your sources

5.In two or three sentences, what specific steps could be taken to ensure that the above recommendation follows the ethical guidelines of psychology? Note: Remember to cite your sources.

6. In one or two sentences, state your second recommendation and describe how this will address the problem of

Veterans Struggling With the Stigma of PTSD

. Note: Remember to cite your sources.

7. In one or two more sentences, what specific steps need to be taken to implement this recommendation? Note: Remember to cite your sources.

8.In one sentence, what psychological perspective does your second recommendation draw from or utilize?

9.In two or three sentences, explain what psychological theories or concepts your recommendation is based on. Note: Remember to cite your sources.

10.In two or three sentences, what specific steps could be taken to ensure that the above recommendation follows the ethical guidelines of psychology? Note: Remember to cite your sources.


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Summer Fish February 22, 2019 Milestone 1 Ultimately, the problem involving veterans suffering from PTSD is significant to the contemporary population. Noting the existence of challenges associated with serving the country at war, the government provides medical services to veterans, among which include treatment for mental health issues. PTSD qualifies under the mental health issues, but it would be important to note that one ought to have met the prerequisite qualifications for him or her to receive care under the veteran affairs medical cover (APHA, 2014). Notably, while this guarantees that only those that have served the country receive the necessary care and ensures that the resources are appropriately used to meet the needs of the deserving populations, some of the conditions leave some veterans without the care necessary, primarily due to their inability to meet the minimum qualifications. Although some health services and counseling is available, many veterans face stigma from other servicemen, friends, family or even themselves. PTSD is a serious disorder that can attribute to mental illness, anxiety, domestic violence, alcohol or drug abuse, self-harm, inability to work, and suicide. The Department of Veterans Affairs is one of the most important sources of information related to cases of challenges experienced by veterans. In particular, statistics collected by the department indicated that at least 11-20 in every 100 veterans suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) from the two most recent milady operations (DVA, n.d.). Notably, different soldiers experienced significant stress in their war environments, which was further exacerbated by the combat situation in the frontline. Coming back to the country to find that they would not receive help to facilitate ease of transition into the home environment provided further challenges to the soldiers, in effect making the situations worse. According to the American Public Health Association (2014), 56% to 87% of service members who are showing signs of distress do not seek or receive treatment. References American Public Health Association (2014, November 18). Removing barriers to mental health services for veterans. Retrieved from https://www.apha.org/policies-andadvocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2015/01/28/14/51/removingbarriers-to-mental-health-services-for-veterans U.S Department of Veterans Affairs (n.d). How Common is PTSD in Veterans. Retrieved from https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/common/common_veterans.asp Running head: PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN Psychological Theories and Perspectives for Action Plan Name Institution 1 PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN 2 Psychological Theories and Perspectives for Action Plan 1 A psychological perspective that is related to the struggles of veterans with PTSD is the socio-cultural perspective (Vogt, Fox, & Di Leone, 2014). It is one that can help over the stigma of mental illness in the home and workplace by the patients to build strong connections with their colleagues and loved ones. 2 Social Exclusion theory is a theoretical framework that consists of principles that can be used to understand the impacts of stigmatization on military veterans diagnosed with PTSD (Vogt et al., 2014). The theory examines the potential behavioral tendencies of these veterans after deployment, which could result in the isolated feelings that exacerbate their PTSD symptoms and reoccurrence of some of the traumatic experiences that occurred during combat. 3 The concept of belongingness is a psychological one that is related to the stigma-related issues those military veterans with PTSD faces and one that has limited their ability to seek help for the mental condition (Kuleza, Pedersen, & Marshall, 2015). Also, this concept is useful for determining the factors that serve as barriers to treatment since the combat military personnel are trained to maintain a strong bond with members of their units and use the relationship to ensure the successful completion of the mission. 4 PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN 3 The relevant APA Ethics Code that requires the most significant consideration when dealing with veterans who are struggling with PTSD and its associated stigma is informed consent for research. It is the standard that is required to ensure that the findings from the therapeutic relationship are valid and reliable. Also, it is critical to consider the ethics code of confidentiality when addressing the issues of PTSD among this patient population since it is essential for protecting the identity of the veterans, increasing their potential to seek help, and educating the public on the adverse effects of stigmatizing mental health patients. Plan Support Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory is a relevant framework for addressing some of the stigma-related factors that contribute to the issues faced by veterans diagnosed with PTSD. The social interaction principle of the theory includes the focus on the involvement of patients in their communities and with family members can provide the insights that are required for eliminating the barriers that are created through stigmatization. Also, the social exclusion theory can be used to understand the situational variables that could influence their behaviors of the veterans who are struggling with the stigma of PTSD, especially those that occur at the interpersonal levels and could lead to the aggressive practice that contributes to the feeling of isolation (Vogts et al., 2014). Finally, this theoretical perspective is relevant for identifying some of the cognitive biases including the fundamental attribution error and the actor-observer bias that make the post-deployment integration of veterans difficult. Therefore, these psychological theories can be used to develop the therapeutic approaches that are based on the socio-cultural factors that result in the problems. The principles of the socio-cultural theory can be applied to the efforts of dealing with the stigmatization problems that veteran with PTSD experiences through the education of the PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN 4 families and colleagues of the patients on the symptoms of the mental disorder. According to Kuleza et al. (2015), some of the problems that these patients are facing are cultural, which results in perceptions that isolate or exclude them from the groups that they are trained to support. When this assertion is placed in the context of the problem, then the incorporation of a spouse into the therapeutic sessions after the education on the misconceptions on PTSD is an appropriate intervention for removing the stigmas that are experienced by the patients during their social interactions. Also, the findings from the study on perception and its role in the development of stigma among military veterans showed that use of the concepts and ideas from the social exclusion theory can be help in the development of schemes that would recreate the support and togetherness that these veterans enjoyed during their missions and are trained to promote throughout their lives. Meanwhile, the behavioral perspective is another area of psychology that can be used to approach some of the issues that veterans who are diagnosed with PTSD. As a field of psychology that considers the consequences of the observable and over behaviors that are learned from the individual's environment, it can provide measures that can be used for the modification of the perceptions that result in the stigma and unwillingness of veterans to seek help for their conditions. Also, the perspective of cognitive psychologists on the role of the internal mental states of patients in the development of their behavior and actions can be used to deal with the negative effects of stigma against military veterans with PTSD (Vogts et al., 2014). Therefore, the focus on the scientific approaches for improving the cognition of people can help in the education of the patients' families and their colleagues in the military and reduce the perceptions that lead to the prejudices and discriminatory practices against the veterans who are suffering from mental disorders. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN 5 Finally, one of the ethical implications that should be considered is the need to modify the code of conduct that is used by the military to deal with the bias and prejudice against veterans who are diagnosed with PTSD. Also, the need to maintain the confidentiality and privacy of the participants is a consideration for all researchers that conduct studies that include human subjects since failure to do so could result in the violation of the APA Ethics Code. A final aspect of consideration is the understanding of the patients, their families, and friends on the importance of the informed consent form and how their rights to discontinue the intervention at any period of the study. Therefore, the families would need to be informed on their obligations to protect the information given to them during their participation in the therapeutic sessions, which is necessary for meeting the ethical standards that are related to the different aspects of the action plan. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ACTION PLAN 6 References Kulesza, M., Pedersen, E. R., Corrigan, P. W., & Marshall, G. N. (2015). Help-seeking stigma and mental health treatment seeking among young adult veterans. Military behavioral health, 3(4), 230-239. Vogt, D., Fox, A. B., & Di Leone, B. A. (2014). Mental health beliefs and their relationship with treatment seeking among US OEF/OIF veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(3), 307313.
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Running Head: RECOMMENDATIONS

1

Recommendations

Student’s Name
Institution’s Affiliation
Date

RECOMMENDATIONS

2

It is important to establish a sense of belongingness between the veterans and the
community (Vogt, Fox, & Di Leone, 2014). The sense of belongingness will allow veterans
to return to society after their time at war and still belong to that community. Military
personnel are trained to foster strong bonds with their fellow military people and these
relationships remain even after the missions are completed (Vogt et al., 2014). Establishing
this sense of belonging in the community allows the people to accept veteran as part of their
community and to have them re-join the society (Vogt et al., 2014). In order to implement
this recommendation, the patient population must be made aware of the role they play in the
lives of veterans suffering from PTSD and how they should act around them to avoid
stigm...


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