HLT 490V Evidence-Based-Practice Proposal Paper

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Prepare your final evidence-based practice proposal for a project whose focus is the resolution of an issue or problem significant to improving patient care. (Patients are conceptualized as individuals, groups, families, or communities.) Make all necessary revisions and corrections to previous assignments completed in Topics 1- 4. Combine all elements into one cohesive evidence-based proposal.

Although recommendations will vary in length depending upon the problem or issue addressed, the paper must be between 4,500 and 5,000 words and formatted in APA style. The title page, abstract, appendixes, and references are not included in the word limit. The final paper should clearly describe the methods used to identify and retrieve the evidence as well as the rationale for exploring the clinical issue chosen. Clearly articulated recommendations for practice based on research evidence are essential to a successful paper.

Use section headings for each section component and address responses in narrative form. Sections of the final paper must include all of the components written to date (incorporating revisions), as well as the remaining sections. These sections include:

  1. Title Page
  2. Abstract
  3. Introduction
  4. Problem
  5. Purpose
  6. Question
  7. Literature Review
  8. Theory
  9. Proposed Solution
  10. Implementation Plan
  11. Dissemination Plan
  12. Conclusion/Summary
  13. Reference Page
  14. Appendices (if any)

Note that an Abstract and Appendix are not required in the individual assignments, but are expected to be added for the final version of the paper.

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Running head: EVIDENCE DISSEMINATION PLAN Evidence Dissemination Plan Cordell King HLT-490V 04/05/2019 Instructor Collins Evidence Dissemination Plan 1 EVIDENCE DISSEMINATION PLAN 2 Introduction Access to affordable healthcare is such a noble requirement for the federal government of the United States to ensure that there is success in addressing health needs of the stakeholders. Now that I have carried out comprehensive research on the subject under study, streamlined dissemination of the evidence is such a noble requirement (Brookfield, 2011). Dissemination of the evidence will be used in making informed decisions such as sealing loopholes that exist within healthcare industry. For example, the key findings will be used in coming up with the best healthcare practices that will reduce deaths caused by inefficient clinical interventions that have been contributing to high rates mortality and morbidity in the country. Evidence Dissemination Successful dissemination of the key research findings will be anchored on a number of outstanding metrics. In the first place, understanding the target audience is very necessary. The current study targets healthcare institutions, stakeholders and the entire scientific community. In this case, science journals and conference presentations will be ideal platforms for proper dissemination of the research findings. I intend to use social media platforms, You Tube channels and health related blogs to ensure that success has been attained in disseminating the information to the target audience. I will come up with the best strategies of dealing with the following barriers: increased costs of dissemination, the available resources and skills, the relationship between the researcher and sponsor of the study and time constraints. There will be formal and informal collaborations in order to ensure that dissemination of the research findings have been done in the best way possible. Sharing of the research findings will be oriented towards the target audience and it will reflect the purpose of streamlining access EVIDENCE DISSEMINATION PLAN 3 to affordable healthcare programs. All documents used for dissemination of the research findings as they relate to affordable healthcare will be attractive, readable, concise, contain well highlighted results, use of graphs, images, bullet points and there will be definition of special terminologies as they relate to the affordable healthcare (Ellinger, 2011). The following are some of the best means of communicating the research findings to the target audience: peer review journal articles addressing need for streamlining affordable healthcare, policy briefs, conference presentations, institutional newsletters, slide shares, podcast and poster presentations (Wilson et al., 2010). Technology will be embraced in the best way possible. Rationale for embracing these avenues is to ensure that the message reaches the target audience in the best way possible. Professional Organization and One Professional Publication for Results Dissemination The results will be presented to the Centers for Disease Control, USAID and stakeholders of the Medicaid and Medicare programs. Disseminating the results to these professional organizational organizations is such a noble course to ensure that there is success in dealing with the problems associated with defective affordable healthcare. Pubmed is my number professional publication for disseminating the key findings. Pubmed is a reputable online scholarly database that is accessed by millions of people to get ideas on issues of healthcare. Therefore, it will be easy for the results to reach millions of target audience within the recommended time frame. References EVIDENCE DISSEMINATION PLAN 4 Brookfield, S. D. (2011). Addressing feedback from reviewers and editors. In Rocco, T.S. and Hatcher, T. (2011). The handbook of scholarly writing and publishing. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Ellinger, A.D. (2011). Creating a whole from the parts: Qualities of good writing. In Rocco, T.S. and Hatcher, T. (2011). The handbook of scholarly writing and publishing. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Wilson, P. M., Petticrew, M., Calnan, M. W., & Nazareth, I. (2010). Disseminating research findings: what should researchers do? A systematic scoping review of conceptual frameworks. Implementation science: IS, 5, 91. Doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-5-91 Running head: HEALTHCARE 1 Medical Records and Proper Healthcare Cordell King HLT-490V 03/28/2019 Instructor Collins HEALTHCARE 2 Medical Records and Proper Healthcare Access to better an affordable healthcare is a crucial element to the progress of any country. It is of great significance for any country or community to ensure its people are healthy and energetic enough to attend to various duties (Bhatt & Bathija, 2018). A healthy population greatly contributes to the economic development of any given country (Kronenfeld, 2011). Ensuring a healthy and disease-free population entails a number of crucial steps and factors. Some of them include, disease surveillance and prevention. Disease prevention can be done in a number of ways. One of the best disease prevention methods is through carrying out vaccinations especially against preventable diseases (Bhatt & Bathija, 2018). Another way through which diseases can be prevented is ensuring proper nutrition and feeding among populations. Vulnerable populations Such as children, mothers, and the aging need to have access to proper health care. Proposed Solution The best possible way through which vulnerable populations as well as the entire country can remain disease-free is by ensuring easier and affordable healthcare. It is important for measures to be put in place which see to it that populations are disease free. The proposed solution to affordable healthcare is by ensuring those at risk such as infants, mothers and the aging get access to improved healthcare plans. This can be done through putting in place measures which promote proper lifestyles among these people. Healthcare providers need to ensure that the vulnerable members in the society are identified and provided with the best medications (Kronenfeld, 2011). The government can ensure this happens by increasing funding to hospitals and other health care facilities. In turn, these healthcare facilities can have programs which identify those in need. Each hospital can then have a given number of individuals being HEALTHCARE 3 taken care of. Use of proper records provide a proper avenue through which all these can be achieved. Implementation Plan Obtaining the Necessary Approvals In order to ensure access to affordable healthcare among the vulnerable members in the society, each hospital needs to have a database of the individuals assigned to it, so as to have a clear follow up procedures regarding the health status of these individuals. To implement this plan, the healthcare facility will have to adopt the use of a proper health records program which identifies every patient and their needs. It will also be important for the management of the healthcare organization to ensure proper training of the medical personnel who will be in charge of the new health records system. Introduction of new technologies in any given organization may require the operators of the old systems to undergo further training in order to be well versed with the new systems (Kronenfeld, 2011). Thus, in order to have the best results out of the new health records systems, medical service providers will have to ensure the new technology operates well and has the best team of individuals operating it. Current Issue Which Requires Change Access to faster and affordable healthcare is an issue which is being given a lot consideration among numerous governments across the globe (Kronenfeld, 2011). However, for this issue to be successfully implemented, governments and healthcare provision organizations need to put in place various equipment and infrastructure which would offer enough support for the affordable healthcare. Key among the issues is quality and efficient healthcare record systems. Healthcare records play an important role in ensuring proper medication and disease monitoring and prevention (Bhatt & Bathija, 2018). HEALTHCARE 4 In the present day world, the aging, infants as well as expectant mothers are at a high risk of contracting numerous diseases which can easily be preventable (Aday & Andersen, 2014). They form the majority of the vulnerable individuals as far as diseases are concerned. Proper and efficient use of healthcare records will go a long way in ensuring that statistics of these individuals as well as the common diseases affecting them are tracked, leading to the necessary actions being taken (Aday & Andersen, 2014). Detailed Explanation of the Proposed Solution The proposed solution seeks to have medical service providers and organizations put in place the best and efficient healthcare record systems. This will ensure efficiency and effectiveness in retrieval of heath records for patients as well as other important information needed. Keeping detailed records of everything that happens at the hospital record is of great essence since proper follow up procedures on patients will result in improvement in the provision of better healthcare services (Aday & Andersen, 2014). Implementation of effective and efficient healthcare records would provide avenues for major breakthroughs in the field of medicine and health. Key among these issues is disease surveillance and management (Aday & Andersen, 2014). Through the health records, governments and healthcare provision organizations will be in a position to make great steps in monitoring disease occurrences among populations. Keeping the vulnerable groups in mind, the occurrence of diseases among these groups will be monitored. Once this is done, it would be easier for the stakeholders in the healthcare field to put in place the necessary measures aimed at controlling and managing the reported medical conditions. Having improved and new technology-based healthcare record systems in place would mean further studies for various medical practitioners, especially those responsible for the operations of the new systems. Additionally, almost all the medical practitioners will have to HEALTHCARE 5 undergo further training on how to manage and operate the new technology. It is important for every person within the field of healthcare and medicine to keep themselves up to date with the advancements in the medical field (Fried et al., 2010). Through this, there will be marked efficiency and improvements in the medical field. This will further translate into improved medical services as well as quality and affordable healthcare provision. Through good use of medical health records, the vulnerable populations which comprise of the expectant mothers, the aging as well as infants will be able to receive quality medical services. Being into the system will provide them with an opportunity to be monitored and helped accordingly. Each individual will have their details placed in designated healthcare facilities where their evaluation and health monitoring can take place. Such kind of a move will no doubt result in quality healthcare, especially to this group of people. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Solution There are numerous issues being tackled in the medical field. Well-trained medical personnel as well as use of the top of the range equipment has resulted in marked positive results in the healthcare industry. However, not much is being put into the use of medical health records. Use of electronic health records is one improvement which has been taken up by most medical provision facilities (Fried et al., 2010). There is so much that can be utilized from the installation of the medical health records, ranging from easier storage, retrieval and analysis of data to disease surveillance, management and prevention. Additionally, proper use of the medical health records will go a long way in offering access to affordable and efficient healthcare. Evidence from the Literature Review The issue of affordable healthcare is one that is being given a lot of consideration among numerous countries and healthcare organizations. Access to good healthcare is of essence to a HEALTHCARE 6 good and fulfilling life (Fried et al., 2010). Additionally, it is important to determine the most vulnerable individuals in the society; these need to be given priority as far as disease surveillance and control is concerned (Aday & Andersen, 2014). The proper and efficient use of proper healthcare records promises to be one of the avenues through which access to affordable healthcare can be realized (Aday & Andersen, 2014). Implementation Logistics The implementation of the proper healthcare record systems need to be done in all the medical facilities. The management of every healthcare facility will be key in the implementation process. Additionally, all the medical personnel can play a crucial role in the implementation of the best medical healthcare record systems. One major way through which they can achieve is by being cooperative and providing the necessary support to ensure the success of the entire program. Resources Required for Implementation Financing of this program is of great essence. Financing projects and other changes within healthcare organizations cannot be fully done by the healthcare organizations; there needs to be goodwill and support from governments and other concerned authorities. Other resources key to implementing this program include; pamphlets, brochures as well as other print media. Educating of staff on the various changes will also be crucial to the program implementation process. Evaluation Plan Evaluation Methods One key way through which the program could be evaluated is by use of interviews and getting feedback from the stakeholders in the field of healthcare and medicine. Feedback from HEALTHCARE 7 individuals is a vital way through which evaluation can be carried out (Owusu-Frimpong, Nwankwo & Dason, 2010). Through feedback, one is able to obtain firsthand information from those on the ground. The medical practitioners within the hospitals and other healthcare organizations are the people tasked with the utilization and implementation of the key issues within the program. Thus talking to them and getting their feedback is of great importance. It is also important to obtain information from the patients and other individuals who seek the services of the selected healthcare facilities where the programs have been implemented. This would also provide crucial data with regard to the evaluation process. Patient satisfaction is crucial in any healthcare setting; the efficiency and effectiveness with which they are served is a crucial pointer and determinant of any program being implemented (Owusu-Frimpong, Nwankwo & Dason, 2010). Evaluation of the results could also be a crucial determinant of whether the newly implemented program is bearing fruits or not (Owusu-Frimpong, Nwankwo & Dason, 2010). This can be determined through observing the manner and the efficiency with which the patients are being served. This can be determined by getting the figures of those served in a single day and getting to know the duration of time spent on serving them. Moreover, getting to know the efficiency of the whole system as far as data storage, retrieval and analysis is concerned, can be done. Project Outcomes The main outcome of the program should be increased efficiency and effectiveness with which operations are carried out at the healthcare organizations. Proper medical health records system contributes greatly to improved healthcare services as well as access to proper and affordable healthcare (Fried et al., 2010). Once proper and up-to-date healthcare equipment have HEALTHCARE been installed within healthcare facilities, a lot of improvements will be witnessed in the healthcare industry. 8 HEALTHCARE 9 References Aday, L. A., & Andersen, R. (2014). A framework for the study of access to medical care. Health services research, 9(3), 208. Bhatt, J., & Bathija, P. (2018). Ensuring Access to Quality Health Care in Vulnerable Communities. Academic Medicine, 93(9), 1271. Fried, L. P., Bentley, M. E., Buekens, P., Burke, D. S., Frenk, J. J., Klag, M. J., & Spencer, H. C. (2010). Global health is public health. The Lancet, 375(9714), 535-537. Kronenfeld, J. (2011). Access to care and factors that impact access, patients as partners in care and changing roles of health providers. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Owusu-Frimpong, N., Nwankwo, S., & Dason, B. (2010). Measuring service quality and patient satisfaction with access to public and private healthcare delivery. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 23(3), 203-220. Running head: ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES Access to Health Care Services Cordell King HLT-490V 03/23/2019 Instructor Collins 1 ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES 2 Introduction Access to effective and quality healthcare is a major health care problem in the developing world. Access to medical care tends to be more of a patient’s problem. A significant number of people suffer and die from conditions for which there are exist efficient interventions. the available health care centers are not just ineffective but also insufficient. The poor people tend to be the least healthy and probably have the least access to quality health care. Significant health gains could be realized through focusing on marginal resources as well as treating the poor. Such concerns should motivate the prioritization of programs that consider the health care wants of the poor especially child and maternal health as well as primary health care. Reviewing the Literature and Theory According to the article written by Aday, et al, 2014, having an access to quality and comprehensive health care is very essential in promoting and sustaining health. This will not only help to manage and prevent diseases but will also help minimize premature death and unnecessary disorders. The article centers on three aspects of access to care; timeliness of care, health services and insurance coverage. Also, health care includes oral health care and getting the required prescribed drugs. Access to health care involves timely using health services to attain the best health results. The article does not provide any statistical information to illustrate the weight of the problem. The article just gives the theoretical research on the problem with no statistical data. The article compares the rate of mortality who those who cannot access medical care easily and those who can. My proposed change is improving the cover rates for effective treatment and prevention. Yes, the articles support my proposed change and even proposes some better methods of change (Aday, et al, 2014). ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES 3 In his article, Bhatt, & Bathija, 2018, found out that the concept of access t health care are studies and incorporated into a framework that perceives the policy of health as designed to impact the characteristics of the delivery of health care. Health care planners and policy makers have made public their concerns that access to health care should be improved. Different programs have been in put in place to help achieve equality when it comes to access to health care. Also, the article gives statistical data of the people impacted in various areas to prove the seriousness of the issue. According to the article, high rates of mobility have been noticed in people with poor access to health care (Bhatt, & Bathija, 2018). Notably, the article supports my proposed change and still proposes more changes. Fried et al, 2010 found out that, access to medical care is the essential to health care performance in the whole world. However, access to medical care is a complicated concept as shown by various authors. The article suggests a conceptualization of health care access and describes the process of achieving quality health care and how to benefit from the services. The article synthesizes published literature in which the access to health care has been performed. The cited frameworks help develop a revised framework. The article conceptualizes fives aspects of accessibility including; approachability, acceptability, affordability and appropriateness (Fried et al, 2010). In this article there is no statistical data provided but just a simple theoretical analysis of the issue. According to the article, poor access to health care is directly proportional to high mobility rates. Also, the article supports my proposed change and gives many more proposals on change. Grover, et al 2007, defines health care access as the ease with which a person can get required health services. The research examines the economic, cultural, geographical and social factors that impact international access to health care; the connection between access and health ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES 4 or given populations in the US such as ethnic and racial minorities, limited English knowledge, children as well as the elderly. The article provides statistical data which gives more information concerning the problem (Grover, et al 2007). Also, the article suggests that people who cannot easily access quality and comprehensive care have high mortality rates. Still, the article supports my proposed change. According to Gulliford & Morgan, 2003 many Americans die from non-communicable illnesses at very higher rates compared to many citizens from other developed nations. It is sad that many people have been reluctant to seek medical care because of the cost. The article describes a panel of experts of the National Research Council as well as the Institute of Medicine who assessed the country’s access to health by comparing with that of other advanced nations. Americans were found to have the second highest deaths from non-communicable diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Americans were even worse when it came to maternal and infant deaths. The articles also give statistical information including the percentage and number of people who cannot effectively assess medical care (Gulliford et al, 2002). Also, mortality rates of the most affected is provided in the article. The article also supports my proposed change and proposes many more changes. The author, Krahn et al, 2006, judged access to medical care on the basis of use and availability of services. A lot of inequalities are evident and the deprived urban areas are the most affected. The author makes analyses that suggests that an improved health care supply is associated with reduced deaths as well as improved health. The article provides statistical data of as well as the mobility rates of the people in deprived urban areas. Still, the article supports my proposed changes and provides many more changes to improve health care access (Krahn et al, 2006). ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES 5 In his research work, Kronenfeld, 2011 found out that, the primary component of attaining universal coverage of health care is by making sure that everyone has an access to both comprehensive and quality health care. The article used the Global Burden of Disease, Injures and Risk Factors to evaluate individual health care quality and access with HAQ (Health Care Access and Quality) for over 100 territories and nations. Over 32 death causes which would not have taken place in the presence of quality and effective care took place (Kronenfeld, 2011). The research article provides statistical data and mortality rates of the people who are highly affected. Still, the article supports my proposed change in improving health care access. McMillan, et al, 2013 focused on the challenges that people individuals with intellectual disabilities go through when they try to get access to medical health. The article highlights that people with intellectual disabilities tend to have poorer health than the other people and they may encounter various hinderances when trying to access medical care. Fortunately, most of these hinderances have been identified to be not only avoidable but also modifiable. The inequities in access to health care have been discovered. Providing equal access to medical care for people with intellectual disorders need various responses at different levels and various major stakeholders. In the article the number approximate number as well as the mortality rates of people with intellectual disability who are lacking access to proper medical care s given (McMillan, et al, 2013). Also, apart from supporting my proposed change the article proposes many other relevant changes. Ortega, et al, 2007, found out that, many Americans living in vulnerable urban and rural conditions have a special need for hospitals. Many communities may be at risk of losing their access to health opportunities and services that they need to maintain and improve their health. The article does not however, provide any statistical information or mortality rates of the affected individuals. The article highlights that special programs that have been put in place help improve ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES 6 the unique conditions of vulnerable communities are not very urgent now and what is urgently needed are comprehensive and integrated approaches reform the delivery of health care to these vulnerable communities (Ortega, et al, 2007). According to Owusu-Frimpong, et al, 2010, patient centered care tends to be a significant approach to medical care. This strategy focusses on partnerships by health care givers and patients and takes into practice the preferences of the patient hence ensuring flexibility in providing health care services. The article highlights that the strategy moves beyond the traditional approaches to health care. The article does not give any statistical data or mortality rates of people affected but rather focus on the strategies of improving the problem. The proposed strategies are in support of my proposed change (Owusu-Frimpong, et al, 2010). According to People, H., & US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000, everyone has the right to access health care but then they should contribute to the cost of health care. The article states that any sick person can get into a health care center, get treatment and be billed later. Also, everybody should be able to contribute to the treatment that they receive. Similar to article ten, this article too does not focus much on the problem but rather the strategies for improving the problem. Hence, the article does not give any statistical data or mortality rates of people who have such problems (People, H., & US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). In his research work, Petersen, et al ,2005 found out that, people living in remote rural environments tend to have shorter life span, higher disease levels and injury as well as very poor access to health care opportunities, information and services. According to the article, poor health results in the in the rural areas may be because of various reasons such as lack of employment opportunities, income as well as a poor access to medical care. The article gives the statistical ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES 7 information as well as the mortality rates of the people in the rural areas who cannot effectively get an access to health services (Petersen, et al ,2005). Reynolds, 2009 states that access is concerned with aiding individuals to command necessary health care resources so as at to improve and preserve health. Access is a serious concept that needs assessment. If health care services are available and enough then the there is an opportunity to obtain health care and a people may need to get an access to such services. The extent in which people get access to the health care services is based on the financial and structural hindrances that restrict the usage of the services. The available services must be effective and relevant if the people are to achieve satisfactory health care. In an attempt to define health care access, the article provides the statistical data and morbidity rates of persons who lack access to comprehensive medical care. Still, it has provided the solutions to improving health care which are in line with my proposed change (Reynolds, 2009). Smith, 2004 found out that, there’s growing demand or health care services on the health system because of the aging population as well as the rise of chronic diseases. Many regional areas have limited and restricted access to appropriate health care leading too higher rates of hospitalization and poor health results. The article has provided the statistical data of the increasing population and of the persons with chronic diseases. The rates of people who die from these chronical infections due to lack of effective medical care access (Smith, 2004). Gulliford et al, 2002 explored the hinderances of accessing primary health care for economically and socially disadvantaged individuals in rural areas. The article uses interviews in which twenty people that are over 12 years living in the rural areas and given financial support are interviewed. The interviews on the target groups were transcribed and audio recorded. The research discovered that many barriers hinder this group of people from accessing health care ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES 8 and a lot still needs to be done to ensure they get the gain relevant health care. The article has provided the estimate number of the socially disadvantaged individuals who have poor access to health care and their death rates (Gulliford et al, 2002). Incorporating a Theory Referring to the literature review above, governments should work hand in hand in ensuring deliverance of quality healthcare services to the citizens. To achieve the implementation of the suggested solution, there are a number of theories that must be considered. These theories will comprise of the following: - Social Cognitive Theory, The Health Belief Model and Stages of Change Model also referred to as Transtheoretical Model. Among these theories, I will use the Health Belief Model in implementing the proposed solution (Zellman, 2015). The Health Belief Model theory offers guidelines ion diverse health care promotions and strategies that must be put in place to improve on the patient’s health. Moreover, the theory explains and predicts the expected improvements in terms of quality healthcare if the proposed changes will be implemented. Moreover, the theory focuses on collecting information from the patients to determine on the perceptions and responses concerning healthcare changes. The Health Belief Model theory supports my project of improving on patient’s healthcare since it focuses on ensuring quality healthcare services to all. Using this theory, I will have enough guidelines required to implement to implement access to quality medical care successfully (Zellman, 2015). In incorporating this theory, I will begin by identifying the number of people in my state who are lacking access to medical care services. The next step will involve conducting public involvement surveys as a way of ensuring the public gets to know what my project is all about. ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES 9 Using the procedures and guidelines offered by the theory, I will be able to determine public expectations as far as my project is concerned. ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES 10 References Aday, L. A., & Andersen, R. (2014). A framework for the study of access to medical care. Health services research, 9(3), 208. Bhatt, J., & Bathija, P. (2018). Ensuring Access to Quality Health Care in Vulnerable Communities. Academic Medicine, 93(9), 1271. Fried, L. P., Bentley, M. E., Buekens, P., Burke, D. S., Frenk, J. J., Klag, M. J., & Spencer, H. C. (2010). Global health is public health. The Lancet, 375(9714), 535-537. Grover, J. (2007). Healthcare. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Gulliford, M., & Morgan, M. (2003). Access to health care. London: Routledge. Gulliford, M., Figueroa-Munoz, J., Morgan, M., Hughes, D., Gibson, B., Beech, R., & Hudson, M. (2002). What does' access to health care'mean?. Journal of health services research & policy, 7(3), 186-188. Krahn, G. L., Hammond, L., & Turner, A. (2006). A cascade of disparities: health and health care access for people with intellectual disabilities. Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews, 12(1), 70-82. Kronenfeld, J. (2011). Access to care and factors that impact access, patients as partners in care and changing roles of health providers. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. McMillan, S. S., Kendall, E., Sav, A., King, M. A., Whitty, J. A., Kelly, F., & Wheeler, A. J. (2013). Patient-centered approaches to health care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Medical Care Research and Review, 70(6), 567-596. Ortega, A. N., Fang, H., Perez, V. H., Rizzo, J. A., Carter-Pokras, O., Wallace, S. P., & Gelberg, L. (2007). Health care access, use of services, and experiences among undocumented Mexicans and other Latinos. Archives of internal medicine, 167(21), 2354-2360. ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES 11 Owusu-Frimpong, N., Nwankwo, S., & Dason, B. (2010). Measuring service quality and patient satisfaction with access to public and private healthcare delivery. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 23(3), 203-220. People, H., & US Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Healthy people 2010. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services. Petersen, P. E., & Yamamoto, T. (2005). Improving the oral health of older people: the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 33(2), 81-92. Reynolds, A. (2009). Patient-centered care. Radiologic Technology, 81(2), 133-147. Smith, J. D. (2004). Australia's rural and remote health: A social justice perspective. Tertiary Press. Zellman, G. (2015). The Health Belief Model and Teenage Contraceptive Behavior. [S.l.]: Distributed by ERIC Clearinghouse. Running head: EVIDENCE-BASED-PRACTICE PROPOSAL Evidence-Based-Practice Proposal Cordell King HLT/490V 03/16/2019 Instructor Collins 1 EVIDENCE-BASED-PRACTICE PROPOSAL 2 Part 1: Defining the Problem Access to medical care The access to health care can be defined in various ways. Basically, it is the geographic availability of health care. Broadly, it can be defined as the affordability, availability, acceptability and accessibility of medical health. Medical facilities should ensure that quality care can be accessed by everyone who requires medical help. Contact information should be made available for potential patients both online and offline Problem statement Everyone wants to have an access to effective medical care, where they can seek medical help at any time without straining. Today, we lack the access to quality and effective medical care that result to so many deaths. If we ignore this problem, many deaths will continue to take place and we will continue to critically lose many lives. The problem Evidence has confirmed that access to effective and quality healthcare is a major health care problem in the developing world. Access to medical care tends to be more of a patient’s problem. There’s a great amount of individuals that experience the disadvantage of not having health care and sometimes results in death from conditions for which there are current capable medical interventions. According to existing literature, 52 percent of children die annually from EVIDENCE-BASED-PRACTICE PROPOSAL 3 malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea in the whole world (Leininger & Levy, 2015). For each of these three diseases at least there is an effective prevention as well as treatment. Also, very few women in developing nations have the opportunity to get antenatal check-ups and very few births are supervised by health care officials. Still, in such nations the coverage rate of the HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy is very low. Due to this underutilization of quality healthcare, there is the existence of large health gains that have gone unrealized in developing nations. Several factors have significantly contributed for the lack of access to effective healthcare in the developing world. In most cases, the available economic resources are always not enough to support this provision (Ruskin et al., 2018). Apart from insufficient resources, other factors include lack of adequate quality or lack of appropriate allocation of health care services. The death of children could be reduced by a larger percentage if the coverage rates for efficient treatment and prevention were to be improved. Enhancing the coverage rates of maternal health could also lead to a reduction in the maternal deaths by a bigger percentage. The lack of access to effective health care is very common among the least well off. The available health care centers are not just ineffective but also insufficient. The poor people tend to be the least healthy and probably have the least access to quality health care (Leininger & Levy, 2015). Significant health gains could be realized through focusing on marginal resources as well as treating the poor. Those worries should stimulate the implementation of plans that keep in mind the health and needs of the disadvantage, focusing on children and motherly health as well as their principal health care. Purpose statement EVIDENCE-BASED-PRACTICE PROPOSAL 4 The literature has convincingly demonstrated the existence of an access issue. Efficient health care interventions have been underutilized in the developing countries. I therefore hope to get enough experience in health-related studies by continuing with my master education. After getting the experience; I will first establish a family clinic where I will integrate the available internal resources like medical care and community care. I will then promote the formation of unions and non-governmental organizations to help address the problem of lack of access to quality health care in marginalized areas. I believe that with the combined efforts and assistance we can help in providing medical care resources and services hence becoming productive in improving health care. However, if I am to achieve these goals, I have to gain lot of advanced knowledge on leadership and management which I am hoping to have the opportunity to join the master’s program in the coming future. Part 2: Defining a Searchable, Answerable Question P = Patients located in remote geographical areas I= Access to effective medical care C = Traditional Treatment approaches O = Patient’s Health T = Period of two to three years Referring to the above points, the PICOT question will be presented as shown below, EVIDENCE-BASED-PRACTICE PROPOSAL 5 In Patients located in remote geographical areas, how does access to effective medical care compared to the traditional Treatment approaches affects patient’s health within a period of two to three years? References Leininger, L., & Levy, H. (2015). Child health and access to medical care. The Future of children/Center for the Future of Children, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, 25(1), 65. Ruskin, J., Rasul, R., Schneider, S., Bevilacqua, K., Taioli, E., & Schwartz, R. M. (2018). Lack of access to medical care during Hurricane Sandy and mental health symptoms. Preventive medicine reports, 10, 363-369. Table of Evidence Study 1 Author Study title Research Questions Design Setting/Sample Methods: intervention/instruments Analysis Key findings Recommendations How this supports EBP/Capstone Study 2 Study 3 Study 4 Study 5 Running head: HEALTHCARE 1 Medical Records and Proper Healthcare Cordell King HLT-490V 03/28/2019 Instructor Collins HEALTHCARE 2 Medical Records and Proper Healthcare Access to better an affordable healthcare is a crucial element to the progress of any country. It is of great significance for any country or community to ensure its people are healthy and energetic enough to attend to various duties (Bhatt & Bathija, 2018). A healthy population greatly contributes to the economic development of any given country (Kronenfeld, 2011). Ensuring a healthy and disease-free population entails a number of crucial steps and factors. Some of them include, disease surveillance and prevention. Disease prevention can be done in a number of ways. One of the best disease prevention methods is through carrying out vaccinations especially against preventable diseases (Bhatt & Bathija, 2018). Another way through which diseases can be prevented is ensuring proper nutrition and feeding among populations. Vulnerable populations Such as children, mothers, and the aging need to have access to proper health care. Proposed Solution The best possible way through which vulnerable populations as well as the entire country can remain disease-free is by ensuring easier and affordable healthcare. It is important for measures to be put in place which see to it that populations are disease free. The proposed solution to affordable healthcare is by ensuring those at risk such as infants, mothers and the aging get access to improved healthcare plans. This can be done through putting in place measures which promote proper lifestyles among these people. Healthcare providers need to ensure that the vulnerable members in the society are identified and provided with the best medications (Kronenfeld, 2011). The government can ensure this happens by increasing funding to hospitals and other health care facilities. In turn, these healthcare facilities can have programs which identify those in need. Each hospital can then have a given number of individuals being HEALTHCARE 3 taken care of. Use of proper records provide a proper avenue through which all these can be achieved. Implementation Plan Obtaining the Necessary Approvals In order to ensure access to affordable healthcare among the vulnerable members in the society, each hospital needs to have a database of the individuals assigned to it, so as to have a clear follow up procedures regarding the health status of these individuals. To implement this plan, the healthcare facility will have to adopt the use of a proper health records program which identifies every patient and their needs. It will also be important for the management of the healthcare organization to ensure proper training of the medical personnel who will be in charge of the new health records system. Introduction of new technologies in any given organization may require the operators of the old systems to undergo further training in order to be well versed with the new systems (Kronenfeld, 2011). Thus, in order to have the best results out of the new health records systems, medical service providers will have to ensure the new technology operates well and has the best team of individuals operating it. Current Issue Which Requires Change Access to faster and affordable healthcare is an issue which is being given a lot consideration among numerous governments across the globe (Kronenfeld, 2011). However, for this issue to be successfully implemented, governments and healthcare provision organizations need to put in place various equipment and infrastructure which would offer enough support for the affordable healthcare. Key among the issues is quality and efficient healthcare record systems. Healthcare records play an important role in ensuring proper medication and disease monitoring and prevention (Bhatt & Bathija, 2018). HEALTHCARE 4 In the present day world, the aging, infants as well as expectant mothers are at a high risk of contracting numerous diseases which can easily be preventable (Aday & Andersen, 2014). They form the majority of the vulnerable individuals as far as diseases are concerned. Proper and efficient use of healthcare records will go a long way in ensuring that statistics of these individuals as well as the common diseases affecting them are tracked, leading to the necessary actions being taken (Aday & Andersen, 2014). Detailed Explanation of the Proposed Solution The proposed solution seeks to have medical service providers and organizations put in place the best and efficient healthcare record systems. This will ensure efficiency and effectiveness in retrieval of heath records for patients as well as other important information needed. Keeping detailed records of everything that happens at the hospital record is of great essence since proper follow up procedures on patients will result in improvement in the provision of better healthcare services (Aday & Andersen, 2014). Implementation of effective and efficient healthcare records would provide avenues for major breakthroughs in the field of medicine and health. Key among these issues is disease surveillance and management (Aday & Andersen, 2014). Through the health records, governments and healthcare provision organizations will be in a position to make great steps in monitoring disease occurrences among populations. Keeping the vulnerable groups in mind, the occurrence of diseases among these groups will be monitored. Once this is done, it would be easier for the stakeholders in the healthcare field to put in place the necessary measures aimed at controlling and managing the reported medical conditions. Having improved and new technology-based healthcare record systems in place would mean further studies for various medical practitioners, especially those responsible for the operations of the new systems. Additionally, almost all the medical practitioners will have to HEALTHCARE 5 undergo further training on how to manage and operate the new technology. It is important for every person within the field of healthcare and medicine to keep themselves up to date with the advancements in the medical field (Fried et al., 2010). Through this, there will be marked efficiency and improvements in the medical field. This will further translate into improved medical services as well as quality and affordable healthcare provision. Through good use of medical health records, the vulnerable populations which comprise of the expectant mothers, the aging as well as infants will be able to receive quality medical services. Being into the system will provide them with an opportunity to be monitored and helped accordingly. Each individual will have their details placed in designated healthcare facilities where their evaluation and health monitoring can take place. Such kind of a move will no doubt result in quality healthcare, especially to this group of people. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Solution There are numerous issues being tackled in the medical field. Well-trained medical personnel as well as use of the top of the range equipment has resulted in marked positive results in the healthcare industry. However, not much is being put into the use of medical health records. Use of electronic health records is one improvement which has been taken up by most medical provision facilities (Fried et al., 2010). There is so much that can be utilized from the installation of the medical health records, ranging from easier storage, retrieval and analysis of data to disease surveillance, management and prevention. Additionally, proper use of the medical health records will go a long way in offering access to affordable and efficient healthcare. Evidence from the Literature Review The issue of affordable healthcare is one that is being given a lot of consideration among numerous countries and healthcare organizations. Access to good healthcare is of essence to a HEALTHCARE 6 good and fulfilling life (Fried et al., 2010). Additionally, it is important to determine the most vulnerable individuals in the society; these need to be given priority as far as disease surveillance and control is concerned (Aday & Andersen, 2014). The proper and efficient use of proper healthcare records promises to be one of the avenues through which access to affordable healthcare can be realized (Aday & Andersen, 2014). Implementation Logistics The implementation of the proper healthcare record systems need to be done in all the medical facilities. The management of every healthcare facility will be key in the implementation process. Additionally, all the medical personnel can play a crucial role in the implementation of the best medical healthcare record systems. One major way through which they can achieve is by being cooperative and providing the necessary support to ensure the success of the entire program. Resources Required for Implementation Financing of this program is of great essence. Financing projects and other changes within healthcare organizations cannot be fully done by the healthcare organizations; there needs to be goodwill and support from governments and other concerned authorities. Other resources key to implementing this program include; pamphlets, brochures as well as other print media. Educating of staff on the various changes will also be crucial to the program implementation process. Evaluation Plan Evaluation Methods One key way through which the program could be evaluated is by use of interviews and getting feedback from the stakeholders in the field of healthcare and medicine. Feedback from HEALTHCARE 7 individuals is a vital way through which evaluation can be carried out (Owusu-Frimpong, Nwankwo & Dason, 2010). Through feedback, one is able to obtain firsthand information from those on the ground. The medical practitioners within the hospitals and other healthcare organizations are the people tasked with the utilization and implementation of the key issues within the program. Thus talking to them and getting their feedback is of great importance. It is also important to obtain information from the patients and other individuals who seek the services of the selected healthcare facilities where the programs have been implemented. This would also provide crucial data with regard to the evaluation process. Patient satisfaction is crucial in any healthcare setting; the efficiency and effectiveness with which they are served is a crucial pointer and determinant of any program being implemented (Owusu-Frimpong, Nwankwo & Dason, 2010). Evaluation of the results could also be a crucial determinant of whether the newly implemented program is bearing fruits or not (Owusu-Frimpong, Nwankwo & Dason, 2010). This can be determined through observing the manner and the efficiency with which the patients are being served. This can be determined by getting the figures of those served in a single day and getting to know the duration of time spent on serving them. Moreover, getting to know the efficiency of the whole system as far as data storage, retrieval and analysis is concerned, can be done. Project Outcomes The main outcome of the program should be increased efficiency and effectiveness with which operations are carried out at the healthcare organizations. Proper medical health records system contributes greatly to improved healthcare services as well as access to proper and affordable healthcare (Fried et al., 2010). Once proper and up-to-date healthcare equipment have HEALTHCARE been installed within healthcare facilities, a lot of improvements will be witnessed in the healthcare industry. 8 HEALTHCARE 9 References Aday, L. A., & Andersen, R. (2014). A framework for the study of access to medical care. Health services research, 9(3), 208. Bhatt, J., & Bathija, P. (2018). Ensuring Access to Quality Health Care in Vulnerable Communities. Academic Medicine, 93(9), 1271. Fried, L. P., Bentley, M. E., Buekens, P., Burke, D. S., Frenk, J. J., Klag, M. J., & Spencer, H. C. (2010). Global health is public health. The Lancet, 375(9714), 535-537. Kronenfeld, J. (2011). Access to care and factors that impact access, patients as partners in care and changing roles of health providers. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Owusu-Frimpong, N., Nwankwo, S., & Dason, B. (2010). Measuring service quality and patient satisfaction with access to public and private healthcare delivery. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 23(3), 203-220.
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Running head: EVIDENCE-BASED-PRACTICE PROPOSAL

Evidence-Based-Practice Proposal

Name:
Instructor:
Course:
Date:

1

EVIDENCE-BASED-PRACTICE PROPOSAL

2

Part 1: Defining the Problem

Access to medical care

The access to health care can be defined in various ways. Basically, it is the geographic
availability of health care. Broadly, it can be defined as the affordability, availability,
acceptability and accessibility of medical health. Medical facilities should ensure that quality
care can be accessed by everyone who requires medical help. Contact information should be
made available for potential patients both online and offline

Problem statement

Everyone wants to have an access to effective medical care, where they can seek medical
help at any time without straining. Today, we lack the access to quality and effective medical
care that result to so many deaths. If we ignore this problem, many deaths will continue to take
place and we will continue to critically lose many lives.

The problem

Evidence has confirmed that access to effective and quality healthcare is a major health
care problem in the developing world. Access to medical care tends to be more of a patient’s
problem. There’s a great amount of individuals that experience the disadvantage of not having
health care and sometimes results in death from conditions for which there are current capable
medical interventions. According to existing literature, 52 percent of children die annually from
malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea in the whole world (Leininger & Levy, 2015). For each of these
three diseases at least there is an effective prevention as well as treatment. Also, very few women

EVIDENCE-BASED-PRACTICE PROPOSAL

3

in developing nations have the opportunity to get antenatal check-ups and very few births are
supervised by health care officials. Still, in such nations the coverage rate of the HIV/AIDS
antiretroviral therapy is very low. Due to this underutilization of quality healthcare, there is the
existence of large health gains that have gone unrealized in developing nations.

Several factors have significantly contributed for the lack of access to effective healthcare
in the developing world. In most cases, the available economic resources are always not enough
to support this provision (Ruskin et al., 2018). Apart from insufficient resources, other factors
include lack of adequate quality or lack of appropriate allocation of health care services.

The death of children could be reduced by a larger percentage if the coverage rates for
efficient treatment and prevention were to be improved. Enhancing the coverage rates of
maternal health could also lead to a reduction in the maternal deaths by a bigger percentage. The
lack of access to effective health care is very common among the least well off. The available
health care centers are not just ineffective but also insufficient. The poor people tend to be the
least healthy and probably have the least access to quality health care (Leininger & Levy, 2015).
Significant health gains could be realized through focusing on marginal resources as well as
treating the poor. Those worries should stimulate the implementation of plans that keep in mind
the health and needs of the disadvantage, focusing on children and motherly health as well as
their principal health care.

Purpose statement

The literature has convincingly demonstrated the existence of an access issue. Efficient
health care interventions have been underutilized in the developing countries. I therefore hope to

EVIDENCE-BASED-PRACTICE PROPOSAL

4

get enough experience in health-related studies by continuing with my master education. After
getting the experience; I will first establish a family clinic where I will integrate the available
internal resources like medical care and community care. I will then promote the formation of
unions and non-governmental organizations to help address the problem of lack of access to
quality health care in marginalized areas. I believe that with the combined efforts and assistance
we can help in providing medical care resources and services hence becoming productive in
improving health care. However, if I am to achieve these goals, I have to gain lot of advanced
knowledge on leadership and management which I am hoping to have the opportunity to join the
master’s program in the coming future.

Part 2: Defining a Searchable, Answerable Question

P = Patients located in remote geographical areas

I= Access to effective medical care

C = Traditional Treatment approaches
O = Patient’s Health

T = Period of two to three years

Referring to the above points, the PICOT question will be presented as shown below.

In Patients located in remote geographical areas, how does access to effective medical care
compared to the traditional Treatment approaches affects patient’s health within a period of two
to three years?

EVIDENCE-BASED-PRACTICE PROPOSAL

5

Literature Review
Introduction
Access to effective and quality healthcare is a major health care problem in the
developing world. Access to medical care tends to be more of a patient’s problem. A significant
number of people suffer and die from conditions for which there are exist efficient interventions.
The available health care centers are not just ineffective but also insufficient. The poor people
tend to be the least healthy and probably have the least access to quality health care. Significant
health gains could be realized through focusing on marginal resources as well as treating the
poor. Such concerns should motivate the prioritization of programs that consider the health care
wants of the poor especially child and maternal health as well as primary health care.

Reviewing the Literature and Theory

According to the article written by Aday, et al, 2014, having an access to quality and
comprehensive health care is very essential in promoting and sustaining health. This will not
only help to manage and prevent diseases but will also help minimize premature death and
unnecessary disorders. The article centers on three aspects of access to care; timeliness of care,
health services and insurance coverage. Also, health care includes oral health care and getting the
required prescribed drugs. Access to health care involves timely using health services to attain
the best health results. The article does not provide any statistical information to illustrate the
weight of the problem. The article just gives the theoretical research on the problem with no
statistical data. The article compares the rate of mortality who those who cannot access medical
care easily and those who can. My proposed change is improving the cover rates for effective

EVIDENCE-BASED-PRACTICE PROPOSAL

6

treatment and prevention. Yes, the articles support my proposed change and even propose some
better methods of change (Aday, et al, 2014).
In his article, Bhatt, &Bathija, 2018, found out that the concept of access t health care are
studies and incorporated into a framework that perceives the policy of health as designed to
impact the characteristics of the delivery of health care. Health care planners and policy makers
have made public their concerns that access to health care should be improved. Different
programs have been in put in place to help achieve equality when it comes to access to health
care. Also, the article gives statistical data of the people impacted in various areas to prove the
seriousness of the issue. According to the article, high rates of mobility have been noticed in
people with poor access to health care (Bhatt, &Bathija, 2018).Notably; the ...


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