PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi b k b PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. b ff @ l h ld d i i i f l i l f hi PRINTED BY: 9552b9aff493689@placeholder.33904.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. Needs Assessments Leslie M. Tutty and Michael A. Rothery eeds assessments are a form of research conduclcd to gather information about the needs of a population or group in a community. One of the more practical types of research, needs assessments are used to develop new services or to evaluate the relevance of existing programs. They may also be used to establish a need to revise or create policy. Th is chapter begins with a definition o[ needs assessment, how we define "needs:' and how we determine who to ask about needs. Common methodological approaches to n eeds assessments are described and evaluated using examples p rimarily from the social work literature. The benefits of triangulation, or using more than one source or method of gathering information, are presented, followed by a discussion of who shou ld digest and weigh inform at i.on about needs once the information is ga thered. Finally, we consider th e importance of developing a plan to implement recommendations so that the work of assessing needs is used to clients' benefits, not relegated to the shelves occupied by other dusty and neglected reports. N What Is a Needs Assessment? Needs assessments have not changed much over the years. In 1982, Kuh (cited in Stabb, 1995) listed five general purposes commonly served by needs assessment research that remain relevant today: l. Monitoring stakeholders' perceptions of various issues, which can guide the devel- opment of new programs or policies 2. Justifying existing policies or programs 3. Assessing client satisfacti on with services 4. Selecting the most desirable program or policy from several alternatives 5. Determining if needs have been met, a purpose closely akin to program evaluation Two key questions are addressed when needs
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