Russia And USA Internet Security Comparison English Essay Help

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Running head: OUTLINE

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OUTLINE
(Student’s Name)
(Institutional Affiliation)

OUTLINE

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Outline

Thesis: Russian internet security policy is focused towards the use of international convention to
regulate both the military and the civilian information technology around the globe, while US is
generally favoring the defensive approach which promotes an improved cooperation by the
international law enforcement.

I.

Russia and US Internet Security Comparison



II.

Increased International Alliances



III.

Protection of information Networks and data

Russia and United States Contrasting Approaches to Cybersecurity

Russia’s Approach to Internet Security



United States’ Approach to Internet Security



References


Running head: RUSSIA AND US INTERNET SECURITY COMPARISON

RUSSIA AND US INTERNET SECURITY COMPARISON
(Student’s Name)
(Institutional Affiliation)

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RUSSIA AND US INTERNET SECURITY COMPARISON

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Russia and US Internet Security Comparison

The United States and Russia have not been able to set up a common arrangement on
bilateral diplomacy regarding several aspects of cyber security. Despite of their interest in 1998
to establish a common global leadership response to the challenges of cyber security, booth
countries have acted more like enemies than partners in guarding their sensitive security secrets.
For instance, in the recent past it was established that there was a possible global threat which led
most countries to cooperate in spite of their sensitive national security issues (Gady & Austin,
2010). The US and Russia adopted intrusive measures in the joint monitoring of sensitive
warning and launch procedures of ballistic missiles. The US and Russia have also agreed on a
joint encryption measures for the hotline between the White House and Kremlin. Both the
Russian and American banks also cooperate in securing digital communications in the
international transfers of large sums of money. The objective of this article is to provide a
comparison with regard to Russia and the US internet security systems.

Both Russia and the United States approach the issues of internet security from two major
different angles. The US mainly focuses on the approach of law enforcement at a domestic level
together with voluntary global collaboration, while Russia is in favor of the development of a
compulsory international regime (Gady & Austin, 2010). These ideas are also coupled with
different philosophies: Russia prefers the social control of internet, while US does not prefer the

RUSSIA AND US INTERNET SECURITY COMPARISON

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social control of internet as a medium. Despite of their differences, in 2009 both Russia and U.S
agreed to establish negotiations on internet security strengthening and limited military use of
cyberspace. In 2000, the Russian president signed the “Information Security Doctrine” which
focused on the improvement of internet security and protection of sensitive data constituting
state secrets (Gady & Austin, 2010). It has been established that both countries face
vulnerabilities of internet security ranging banking records, personal information, and the control
of sensitive nuclear missiles and nuclear power plants as well as medical equipments.

Protection of information Networks and data

In protecting information networks and data both the United States and Russia have
adopted “fortress strategies” by emphasizing on their physical defenses. Both countries are still
intensely locked in the efforts of intelligence collection from each other with each country trying
to conceal the technological development of weapons from both sides; while they are also
involved in offensive internet operations against themselves (Gady & Austin, 2010). In an
attempt to prevent cybercrime, the first international treaty called the Council of Europe’s
Convention on Cybercrime was established in 2001. This treaty was designed in order to address
several wide ranging crimes committed through the internet. The United States became a
signatory and ratified the treaty while Russia did not become a signatory of the treaty. According
to findings, it has been observed that the United States often view Russia as a major source of its

RUSSIA AND US INTERNET SECURITY COMPARISON

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threat; while Russia on the other hand identifies has continued to oppose the quest of United
States for “information dominance” and as such regards the US as its main cause of threat.

Increased International Alliances

In 2009, the US called for increased development of a strategy geared towards shaping
the international environment for internet security. This has called for an attempt to forge new
alliances with the technologically advanced nations such as Russia, China, and India (Richelson,
2018). The effects of these have been in NATO’s security concept that was published in 2010.
However, Russia on the other hand has for more than a decade used the United Nations platform
to lead an effort in establishing rules with regard to internet security. In 1998, Russia proposed
an approval of a resolution on the “Developments in the Fields of Information and
Telecommunication in the Context of International Security” in U.N General Assembly
(Richelson, 2018). The resolution was geared towards calling upon Member States to support
and promote a multilateral level in the control of potential threats emanating from information
security.

It also aimed at inviting all member states in addressing the issues of the general
appreciation of information security. As such, both Russia and U.S have in many cases taken

RUSSIA AND US INTERNET SECURITY COMPARISON

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different trajectories when it comes to internet security (Richelson, 2018). United States has in
many cases preferred the use of bilateral agreements while Russia has favored the use of U.N
General Assembly in fostering collaborations among nations with regard to internet security. As
a result of these initiatives, in 2009, the General Assembly had established a series of
international diplomatic activities in the creation of a global culture of internet security
(Richelson, 2018). These have led to the establishment of Information Society World Summit,
the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and the nongovernmental work through
organizations like the Permanent Monitoring Panel on Information security of the World
Federation of Scientists and the International Multilateral Partnership against Cyber Threats
(IMPACT) (Richelson, 2018). These have been initiated through the Russia’s continual interests
in the establishment of a globally binding internet security measures rather than just domestic
regulations for individual countries.

Russian and US Contrasting approaches to internet security

The policy approach of the Russian government on internet security is geared towards
different priorities compared to those of US. For Russia, the U.S expressions “cyberspace” and
“cyber security” are basically technological, whereas the term “information space” and
“information security” in Russia are regarded to have a wider political and philosophical
meanings (Richelson, 2018). In Russia, technology is seen as only part of the wider component

RUSSIA AND US INTERNET SECURITY COMPARISON

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in the information security and is not seen as the most important aspect in cyber security
measures. The main aim of Russia’s information security and information space protection is to
protect its culture, knowledge, and the guaranteeing of free flow of information to its citizens. On
the other hand, the US cyber security policy is aimed at safeguarding domestic local technologies
from unauthorized access, disruptions, and from any kind of interference hence it emphasizes on
the technological aspects of cyber security (Richelson, 2018). Generally, the United States is
much more focused on the approach of law enforcement at the domestic level, while Russia is
extremely focused at the additional goal of establishing an international regime in cyber security
and cyberspace.

RUSSIA AND US INTERNET SECURITY COMPARISON

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Source: https://www.cfr.org/blog/russia-wants-deal-united-states-cyber-issues-why-doeswashington-keep-saying-no

Russia’s Approach to Internet Security

In 1992 Russia established the Russian Security Council, Federal Technical and Export
Control Service, Federal Security Service, and Ministry of Information Technologies and
Communications as the organizations charged with cyber security issues. These bodies have
been given different responsibilities with emphasis on key areas such as terrorist, criminal, and
the military and political threats from cyberspace (Berry & Wilcox, 2018).. The Russian internet
security policy is coordinated by an intergovernmental committee within the Security Council.
The Information Security Doctrines of Russia was adopted in 2000 and refers to information
security as “the protection of Russia’s national interests within the information sphere through
the balancing of society, individual, and the state”. As a result of a perceived notion of Russia’s
inferiority pertaining to communication technology, Russia has been focused on the promotion
of an international convention to ban the wide use of civilian and military information
technology. According to Russia, such convention should address the cyber threats and stop the
looming development of the digital age “arms race” (Berry & Wilcox, 2018).

United States’ Approach to Internet Security

RUSSIA AND US INTERNET SECURITY COMPARISON

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In 2009, the US administration established a cyber-security coordinator to be part of its
National Security Staff and coordinate the US national strategy in cyber security. The objective
of the position was to produce policy measures aimed at improving and strengthening the
electronic defense of its important infrastructure. In 2002, the United States had established a
number of policy initiatives with an aim of improving cyber security (Browning, 2018). Such an
initiative included the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace in 2002, the National
Infrastructure Protection Plan of 2006, and the National Strategy for Information Sharing of
2007.

Source: https://www.army-technology.com/features/cyber-cold-war-russian-us-security-systemsdraw-new-lines-map/

RUSSIA AND US INTERNET SECURITY COMPARISON

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In 2008, the government of the United States formalized the Comprehensive National
Cyber security Initiative (CNCI) with an aim to increase the cyber security in the US (Browning,
2018). In the federal government system of the US, cyber security issues are dealt with by the
Department of Homeland Security, Department of Defense, National Infrastructure Protection
Center, Department of State, the Office of Cyber security and Communications, and the
Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section of the Department of Justice. The US is
generally favoring the defensive approach which promotes an improved cooperation by the
international law enforcement (Browning, 2018).

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References
Browning, C. S. (2018). Geostrategies, geopolitics and ontological security in the Eastern
neighbourhood: The European Union and the ‘new Cold War’. Political Geography, 62,
106-115.
Berry, J. M., & Wilcox, C. (2018). The interest group society. Routledge.
Gady, F. S., & Austin, G. (2010). Russia, the United States, and Cyber Diplomacy. EastWest
Institute Paper, 6.
Richelson, J. T. (2018). The US intelligence community. Routledge.

Hey done

The cyber Cold War: Russian and US
security systems draw new lines on the map
https://www.army-technology.com/.../cyber-cold-war-russian-us-security-systems-dra

Building robust cybersecurity systems from scratch is expensive and laborious while off-theshelf solutions tend to be Russian or American. If a country doesn't have the means to develop its
own protocols and has to pick a side for its systems provider, could a new cyber Cold War
emerge? Julian Turner reports.
Splinternet. Cyber-balkanisation. Military digital complex. Unprecedented scenarios demand
new language to describe them. So it is with the battle for control of the internet. At stake is not
just the security of individual countries’ data, but the entire concept of the web as a ‘democratic’
platform.
Charl van der Walt, chief security strategy officer at SecureData, defines the idea as “an end to
the idea of a globally united internet promoting collaboration, innovation and information
sharing”.
It’s an idea encapsulated in China’s ‘Great Firewall’, whereby Beijing has effectively censored
and portioned off web access for one billion of its citizens, eschewing online rights in favour of
an internet run along geopolitical lines, a policy it calls ‘internet sovereignty’. Russia has
followed suit.
How will the US and its allies respond? And how can smaller nations hope to protect the
integrity of their data against asymmetrical attacks with the potential to disable critical national
infrastructure?
Take the infamous US/Israeli Stuxnet attack on Iran’s nuclear enrichment programme at Natanz.
“By all accounts Stuxnet was a devastatingly successful attack launched by one nation or group
of nations against key national infrastructure of another nation,” noted SecureData’s Sensepost
blog in 2011. “It bypassed all reasonable security controls and could easily have been more
destructive, potentially even...


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