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1
Physical Geography
Question 1: . The physical geography of Ohio was in part shaped by the movement of glaciers.
What is a glacier? How do they move? How do they impact the topography of an area? Explain
the process. When were glaciers present in Ohio? What parts of the state were affected by
glaciers? What is the difference that you see in areas that were affected by glaciers vs. those that
were not? What is a moraine? Were moraines left in Ohio? Where do we find them if they were
left in Ohio? When did the last glacier retreat from the state of Ohio? What was the name of this
glacier? Were there other glaciers that covered parts of the state? When were they present in
Ohio and what names did they have?
A glacier is a mass of ice on land that moves under its own weight. This motion erodes
by bulldozing rocks and soil, by abrading the rocks on the valley sides and floors, and by
plucking as water seeps into cracked rocks and freezes, becoming a part of the solid glacial mass.
Glaciers move primarily via internal plastic deformation, wherein the ice deep within the glacier
is subjected to such great pressure that parallel layers of the ice slide over each other while
remaining in a solid form to move downslope in an alpine glacier and outward away from the
thicker centers of continental glaciers ("Glaciers Legacies", 2019). In addition to plastic flow,
some temperate glaciers move by basal sliding, where meltwater at the base of the glacier
reduces friction and allows it to slide downslope, and others move through the melting of ice at
the base of the glacier and the flowing of the meltwater downslope until it refreezes elsewhere
along the base of the glacier. The glaciers can have an impact on the topography of an area.
Hence, they will show the tremendous effect ...