Description
Your Handbook on Ancient Greek and Roman Women will consist a collection of primary sources that you believe showcase the depth and breadth of ancient Greek and Roman women.
--Your work will be evaluated on
- its thoroughness,
- scholarly completion (and excellence) of all parts of the assignment,
- convincing and pleasing argument,
- and clarity of writing.
10 Primary Sources
For your handbook, you will choose ten primary sources that you believe illustrate and exemplify the life of ancient Greek and Roman women. These sources must include both literary primary sources, at least two, and also non-literary primary sources (e.g., a statue, a mirror, a vase, etc). These primary sources will come from items you discover in your own research. You must include an array of primary sources rather than focusing on only one kind. Arrange all ten any way you would like. This is your choice, your materials.
FORMAT
For each primary source, you will answer the following questions in this order in this format, one source per page: If it unknown write N/A
- Name of item and type of item
- Date made or created
- Artist or architect or sponsor or commissioner
- Provenance--place where made or set up and place where it was found
- Place where item is now (if in a museum, you need collection information; if in situ, say so). If a literary source, say merely “found published as (title) across the world.”
- Description--what is it? What does it look like? Function?
Be specific and write a lot. You are describing this for someone to both find and understand. Don’t say, for example, “this excerpt describes the condition of housing in Rome”. Instead, say “his excerpt describes Juvenal’s view of housing in Rome; according to him, Roman houses were three or four storeys high, built of timber, unsteady, unsafe, and crowded with inhabitants.” The first sentence suggests but does not provide information, the second sentence makes clear exactly what we can learn from the primary source. This should be several sentences long.
- Historical significance--what does it tell us about Greek and/or Roman women? Why/how significant and helpful or important? This should be several sentences long.
Your work in numbers 6 and 7 is the meat of your handbook. You as both a student and traveler readily understand the importance of making connections, of demonstrating the importance and worth of something, and this is your opportunity to showcase your skills at this task. The more you write, the more you can say!
- Citations for this piece (e.g., Author, book, publisher, place, year, page number where you found info). Everything you used for your research for this piece.
Each page is Single spaced. 12-point font time new roman. No need for in text citations, but include all info, including page numbers in number 8.
Primary Source
Kore 670, 2 Aphrodite of Knidos, 3 Nicandre statue, 4 on the murder of eratostenes, 5 Hymm to demeter, 6 the are pacis, 7 Juvenal: Satire VIhttps://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ancient/juvenal-satvi.asp , 8 Perpetua's Diary in Prison 203 CE , , 9 sarcophagus of metilia, 10 the statue of eumachia
Explanation & Answer
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Student’s Name
Instructor
Course
Date
Primary Source Analysis
Kore 670
Name of item and type of item: Archaic Kore: Acropolis 670 is a statue
Date made or created: Archaic period, c. 520-500 BCE.
Artist or architect or sponsor or commissioner: unknown
Provenance: Athens; Acropolis, north-west of Erechtheum.
Place where item is now: Acropolis Museum
Description: the Kore Acropolis has a unique structure with attributes such as a little
heavy head, long and thick neck as well as sloping shoulders. The details of the hairstyle and
clothing underline the statue’s facial expression. Further, the modeling of the face signifies the
start of a new century. The archaic Kore is also dressed in an unfamiliar form. The statue has
won a belted chiton, which causes the fabric over it to overhang. The loose and the wavy-like top
part is attached to her arms with the lower part of the garment pulled together around the legs
and held as a bunch at the front. Other people argue that the Kore Acropolis has won two
garments; however, it appears to be a long overhanging fold which hides the belt she has won at
her waist. This fashion resembles that of the old Ionian motif but is uncommon in the
contemporary period. The Kore 670 has a curvilinear as opposed to an angular impression with a
figure that lacks muscle. These attributes make the statue seem more womanly and fit more to a
sedentary lifestyle. Besides, the statue has soft and under defined features which makes it seem
immature for immortality.
Historical significance: Archaic Kore: Acropolis 670 is a group of female statues that
were first discovered towards the end of the 19th century in acropolis Athens. These statues are
considered significant as they help to trace the stylistic evolution of the archaic attic sculpture for
close to a century. The archaic kore has the qualities of majesty and power that describe the
goddess Persephone. The archaic Greek statues of maidens could at times be commissioned by
relatives of young women who lost their lives to be used as offerings to the gods that surrounded
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the Acropolis of Athens to seek for blessings from the dead (Stieber 80). Her happy facial
expression filled with archaic smile, complicated hairstyle with rich and heavy braids, which fall
on her shoulders and breasts, her bright, pleated dress and body movements with ornaments and
jewelry on her body represents a statue full of freshness, feminine and youthful look
(Papathanasopoulos, 79). Despite that the statue originated in Athens, it bears a character that is
distinct from the Attic style. The figure has a slender and elongated physique, oval face and light
garments make it different from the Attic Kore, which is often stockier.
Works cited
Stieber, Mary C. The Poetics of Appearance in the Attic Korai. Austin: University of Texas
Press, 2004. Internet resource.
Papathanasopoulos, G. The Acropolis: Monuments and Museum. Athens: Krene Editions, 1977.
Print.
Aphrodite of Knidos
Name of item and type of item: Statue of the Aphrodite of Knidos
Date made or created: 4h century BC
Artist or architect or sponsor or commissioner: Praxiteles
Provenance: Ancient harbor of Portus which is the modern Fiumicino.
Place where item is now: Vatican museum.
Description: Aphrodite of Knidos is the most popular of Praxiteles works and is
undoubtedly among the most famous statues of classical Greece. Since its origin in the late
period of the fourth century BCE, Aphrodite of Knidos was the most known sculpture of the
female goddess. It is known to be novel given that it was the first Aphrodite sculpture that was
completely naked and signified a cult, whose primary subject was Hellenistic. The Aphrodite
goddess is nude and holds a cloth in one of her hands one would assume that she is preparing for
a bath. The goddess stretches one of her hands to conceal her private parts as if someone was
looking at her. Unlike the male nude sculptures, Praxiteles fails to give details of Aphrodite’s
genitalia.
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Further, the goddess stands in a contrapposto manner despite the fact that her form is not
expansive just like other Hellenistic sculptures. Besides, the Aphrodite of Knidos is protected
from becoming an anonymous, unjustified ad scandalous female nude because of the presence of
props. Her form appears to be more masculine, and a somehow androgynous body tend to hide
the extremely feminine carvings in the sculpture. Though Praxiteles was widely known for his
sculptural works, the Aphrodite was not positively accepted by the Knidos given that the creation
of a nude sculpture was an unwelcomed shift from the classical period. Classical sculptures
depicted women as desirable wives in modesty and beauty as well as slightly revealing clothes.
Historical significance: unlike other sculptures, the Aphrodite of Knidos was created as
something profoundly original in aspects such as pose, expression, structure, and proportion to
reveal the ideal attributes of feminism (Morris 81). The life-size naked sculpture was curved and
placed in a temple in Knidos. The Aphrodite of Knidos was a significant innovation through
which Praxiteles emphasized the sexual nature of women. This further signified the increasing
trend of women’s social status and the change of male attitudes towards women. The depiction
that the goddess is trying to cover her pubic area with her hands draws the viewer’s attention
towards the private areas. In this statue, the goddess sculpture seems to crouch down and sharply
turning her head to the right side as if astonished by the viewers. The goddess sculpture has a
top-knot hairstyle which depicts the three-dimensionality of the statue as a Hellenistic sculpture.
The Greeks were used to seeing nude men as opposed to women. So when the Aphrodite of
Knidos was first created, it was regarded as a daring innovation, which the people of Knidos
bought and set up around the tholos on a hill overlooking the sea.
Works cited
Morris, Ian. Classical Greece: Ancient Histories and Modern Archaeologies. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press, 1994. Print.
Nicandre statue
Name of item and type of item: Nicandre Statue is a monumental female statue in stone.
Date made or created: 650 BCE
Artist or architect or sponsor or commissioner: Théophile Homolle
Provenance: Delos in a sanctuary of Art...
