Heart Rate Variability in Cardiac Patients Literature Review

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Running head: HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN CARDIAC PATIENTS

Heart Rate Variability in Cardiac Patients
Name
Institution

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Heart rate variability in cardiac patients
The human body undertakes different physiological processes based on the underlying
changes which are essential in determining individual wellbeing. Heart rate variability is a
necessary process which involves the variation in the time interval between heartbeats.
Heartbeat variability is measured on variation in the beat to beat interval. Heart rate variability
provides an understanding of different issues which help indicate whether an individual is
healthy or has a healthcare condition depending on the interval of the heartbeat. There are
different factors which increase or reduce the heartbeat variability thus providing a reliable
evaluation of critical aspects which help understand individual development.
Consequently, cardiac patients have different heartbeat variability depending on the
underlying condition and its influence on individual development. Thus heat rate variability
provides a key focus on the present functional status of the autonomic nervous system and its
influence on the sinus node. Therefore understanding heart rare variability provides a unique
emphasis on heart failure in detecting patients who are at a high risk of cardiac death. Therefore
this research provides a critical evaluation on heart rate variability on cardiac patients and helps
understand critical processes which help understand cardiac patients health development.
Heart rate variability
Heart rate variability provides an accurate noninvasive measure of Autonomic Nervous
System which response to different actions such as exercise, eat, sleep and perceive stress.
Thus heart rate variability is different from heart rate considering that it provides a closer
emphasis on the changes to the heartbeat which might have been caused by various factors with
a focus on the beat to beat changes. Understanding the heart rate variability is not easy
considering that these variations to a greater extent cannot be felt and thus provide a heavy

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emphasis on the underlying changes which give a greater focus on essential processes which
help maintain a greater focus on individual wellbeing.
The functionality of heart rate variability
The human body is made up of various systems, which plays a crucial role in ensuring
that an individual is positively functioning well. All the system and the structures within a
human body have linked functionality, which provides that there is a positive communication
to enable an individual to have a healthy life. These processes inside the body are very complex
and require critical understanding to understand the significant issues involved. The nervous
system forms a crucial part of human structure and plays an integral role in ensuring that there
is better functionality of the human body. It is responsible for producing, controlling and
guiding human thoughts and behavior concerning the world environment. Therefore this paper
will provide a detailed analysis of the structure functionality and the impact the central nervous
system plays in ensuring that a human body is well functioning.
The nervous system forms the central system in the body that controls the human mind
and body as well as establishing the link between human behavior and mind. The major
components that make up the central nervous system include the brain and spinal cord. These
two organs are very critical in human wellbeing since they dictate specific functionalities
within the human body. They play a crucial role in ensuring transmission and interpretation of
sensory impulses. The perception that human being beings have about a specific phenomenon
is mainly developed because of significant interpretation of the signals that are presented to the
body. The brain plays a crucial role in ensuring that the signals received are converted into
readable content to build an understanding. Thus, the brain aligns and integrates different body
functions such as thought processes, movements, emotions, homeostasis among other critical
processes in the human body.

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Thus understanding heart variation is dependent on individual engagement and
activities which create a greater emphasis on critical changes that create a strong level of
development. Heart rate variation thus is influenced by different factors which need to be
adequately evaluated and create a highly productive environment. The autonomic nervous
system regulates heart rate variability. The two branches of the autonomic nervous system
include sympathetic and parasympathetic are engaged differently creating a highly transformed
emphasis on essential concepts which help maintain a greater focus on the activity of the human
body. The parasympathetic is characterized as the rest and digest system which allows the body
the ability to recover once the fight or struggle is over.
The sympathetic branch is responsible for activating stress hormone production which
increases the heart's contraction rate and cardiac output as well as decreasing the heart rate
variability. A lower heart rate variability is needed during exercise and physical or mentally
stressful situations which are difficult to deal with. However, the ability of the body to readjust
is based on the engagement of the autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic branch
decreases the heart rate variability mainly to restore homeostasis after a stressful event.
Therefore the existing interplay between the two branches of the autonomic system allows the
heart to respond to the different situations based on these changes.
Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain stable conditions within the body's
internal environment. The different system in the body is responsible for maintaining a
balanced internal environment. The nervous system at significant plays a crucial role in
maintaining homeostasis. The nervous system is responsible for information reception and
transmission throughout the body with the help of the central nervous system. The central
nervous system thus coordinates and executes both voluntary and involuntary processes that
are responsible for maintaining homeostasis. In this whole process, the brain serves as the main
point of reference due to its diverse functionality. It is the control center for all activities that

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the body can achieve. The hypothalamus plays a very crucial role in the whole process in
homeostasis. It is a section of the brain that is tasked with the production of crucial body
hormones and chemicals, which are essential in protecting and controlling different organs and
cells in the body (Golosheykin et al., 2017).
Hypothalamus produces hormones that govern physiologic functions, which include
temperature regulation, sleep, mood, hunger and the release of other vital hormones within the
body. The hypothalamus contains the pituitary gland and other glands in the body. Although it
forms, the very small size of the brain is vital in governing many vital processes within the
human body. The primary function of homeostasis is homeostasis, which is to maintain the
body stability.
The supply of the blood to the brain is vital in ensuring that the whole process is
working effectively. Many of these processes within the body are developed based on adequate
blood supply. Arteries are therefore tasked with transporting the oxygenated blood to the
central nervous system. The internal carotid artery enters the cranium via the carotid canal in
the temporal bone. Vertebral arteries are other blood vessels that supply blood to the central
nervous system. The vertebral arteries are protected as they do pass through the neck region by
the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae. The continuous flow of oxygenated blood to
the central nervous system ensures that the system can perform its various tasks perfectly.
Ensuring that the nervous system is working correctly and accurately is an important
consideration that needs to be considered in developing a better human environment. The
system is mainly focused on ensuring that there is a better relay of information and it is
interpreted according to the required levels. Introduction of new approaches creates an
engaging environment where it is much easy to understand how the human body tends to
function. The incorporation of the stem cells into the central nervous system is mainly aimed

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at creating a more secure system where cells are not readily susceptible to different
complications, which are significantly influencing the functioning of the system(Marzbanrad,
Kimura, Palaniswami, & Khandoker, 2017).
Measurement of the heart rate variability
Heart rate variability provides a unique emphasis on fundamental changes which have
a more considerable influence on individual wellbeing. Therefore different processes can be
adopted to help create a highly engaged commitment to improved development.
Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG)...


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