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Running Head: PERIODIZATION
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Periodization of Chinese History: The Opium Trade Conflicts (1839 to 1860)
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Periodization of Chinese History
PERIODIZATION
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Every country in the world has its history that can be divided into distinct periods
because of the distinct characteristics of the particular divisions. The process of dividing a
nation’s history into distinct periods for the purposes of the study of that nation is Periodization.
This paper conducts a periodization of the Chinese history with the focus on politics and trade. It
is notable that each country demands its sovereignty and power. However, foreign powers often
tend to withdraw a nation’s sovereignty to rule of suppress the ruling powers and the sitting
government. In light of this, this paper considers the period between 1839 and 1860 a period of
great concern concerning the Chinese history. For more than two decades, china experienced
conflict with the foreign European powers concerning trade of the opium in China (Allingham,
2016). The conflicts between China and the Europeans over the trade of opium remain critical in
the Chinese history because they marked the beginning of the unequal treaties era as well as
other avenues towards the fall of the Qing dynasty and the making of the Republican China at
the start of the 20th century.
The Opium trade conflicts- 1839 to 1860
China remained under the rule of the Qing dynasty from 1644 to 1912. However, not
until 1839 when Chinese ruling powers experienced conflicts with the British following the
attempts by the Chinese government to end opium trade by the British. It is noteworthy that the
British introduced the trade of opium in the Chinese soil for its economic expansion and stability.
However, the Chinese under the Qing dynasty observed the challenges that opium introduced to
the people of China and decided to put strict measures to end imports and growing of opium in
china. By 1839, British were the major traders of opium in China (Foxcroft, 2016). In its efforts
to end the trade, the foreign powers of British resisted breaking the conflicts between China and
British in 1839, a conflict that was later called the first opium war.
PERIODIZATION
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The First Opium War
The first opium war lasted between 1839 until 1842. During this period, the British
merchants and traders demanded that the country must continue to import opium to China
claiming that the drug had no negative impacts to human health. It is important to note that
foreign opium traders, British in particular illegally exported opium mainly from India to chi...
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