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Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION

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Health Promotion
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Institution

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Health Promotion

Promotion Product
Content Description
The physical aging process progresses each day, and so is the comprehension of it. The
book, Physical Dimensions of Aging integrates diverse research findings whose purpose is to
keep student and professionals in the health industry updated about the latest studies concerning
the aging process and its impact on the elderly. According to Billy (2009), "The aging process
affects people psychologically, socially, spiritually, and intellectually." Therefore, it is crucial
that the public gets enlightened about the physical aging process and its implications on other
dimensions of life to curb the problems associated with it. Being in an era when people are
telling older adults what they cannot do, the book Physical Dimensions of Aging works to equip
medical professionals to tell elderly people what they can do.
Chapter 1. Quantity and Quality of Life
The significant points described in the section include a description of the aging process,
the causes of aging, how physical aging affects the quality of life, and the contributions of health
and fitness in various age categories. "Aging refers to a process or group of processes occurring
in a living organism that with time result in loss of adaptability, functional impairment, and
eventually death." (Spirduso, Francis & MacRae, 2005). As discussed in the book, aging is
caused by genetic factors which are related to hormonal imbalances and environmental factors
such as damage, stress, and disease. According to Spirduso, Francis and MacRae (2005), “aging
affects a person’s cognitive ability, social life, reduces his health and fitness, and emotional life.”
However, through engaging in physical fitness activities, the effects of aging can be reduced and
life expectancy increased. The U.S Department of Health and Medical Services advice to older

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adults is to engage in aerobic activities such as swimming and activities such as some forms of
Tai &Chi to improve their quality of life.
Chapter 2. Individual Differences
The chapter majorly focuses on the assessment of individual differences, sources of
individual differences, the effects of research design on our view of individual differences, and
the importance of individual differences in understanding aging research. Each person
experiences a different rate of aging. “The sources of individual differences include diseases and
aging of physiological and biological systems within individuals.” (Spirduso, Francis & MacRae,
2005). Moreover, other additional causes of individual differences are highlighted to be lifestyle
differences, culture, education, and socioeconomic status. The research designs used are pointed
out to be the key magnifiers of individual differences. The use of biological age is highlighted as
the major cause of individual differences. Although the different research designs sophisticate
the study of the aging process, the same can be used by in scientific research to discover the
unicausal mechanism that controls the age of aging.
Chapter 3. Physical Development and Decline
In this chapter, the key issues that have been highlighted are the changes associated with
the aging process which include changes in body shape, changes in body composition, and
changes in bone. Furthermore, the various mechanisms of coping with the Interface of Aging
bones, muscles, and tendons have also been given substantial attention. The aging process results
in noticeable and dramatic changes in body shape and composition. As highlighted by Spirduso,
Francis, and MacRae (2005), “Both men and women experience loss of weight, but women tend
to lose weight faster than men." Furthermore, women lose height due to bone losses and
compression of cartilages between vertebrae. The body composition changes are highlighted to

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be as a result of the fat losses associated with aging and the physical activity an individual gets
involved in.
As discussed in the text, bone changes are universal in all people and happen in the late 20's.
The changes in bone density, bone mass, and bone geometry are primarily attributed to
alterations in diet, physical activity, and hormonal imbalance. However, through appropriate
physical exercises, eating a balanced diet and hormonal therapy the bone changes can be
controlled. The overall body changes are said to reduce flexibility and levels of aerobic activity
both of which are curbed through regular exercise. The changes in bone and body composition
contribute to an apparent change in skin appearance. Maintenance of body weight is thus crucial.
The U.S Department of Health and Medical Services (2018) recommends that elderly people
should take foods with high calorific value and also participate in moderate-intensity activities
for a hundred and fifty minutes per week.
Chapter 4. Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Function.
This chapter focuses primarily on the effects of aging on the cardiovascular system a...