Study Guide for Exam 3 Chapters 3b, 4, 12, 13a Instructions For Exam 3 you will have 50 questions (worth 2 points each) randomly drawn from a set of questions which include the following concepts. I suggest that you print out this study guide and write the information next to the concepts so that you have a prepared sheet when you go to take the Exam. You will need to use BOTH the lectures and the text to complete the information for the study guide. This study guide consists of ALL the possible questions that you may be asked for Exam 3. Remember that you will only be able to take the Exam once, and will have approximately 1 minute per question, with a total of 60 minutes. One hour is the typical amount of time you are given in an on campus class for a 50 multiple-choice question exam. If you find you do not have enough time it is because you are NOT preparing ahead of time. Although, this is an open book, open notes exam. If you attempt to look up all the answers during the exam you will not have enough time to complete the exam. You NEED to prepare the answers on the study guide BEFORE you open the exam. Once you open the exam you will see the questions all at once. You may skip a question and revisit it as long as you have enough time left on the clock. The clock will be visible in the upper right hand corner of the quiz and will display remaining time. You will also see dots below it representing the questions that have been answered. Please make sure you answer and save all questions before you submit the test. You should save each answer immediately after answering it. Do not wait until the end to save as you may run out of time and it will not allow you to save the answers after you run out of time. You can always change a saved answer as long as you have remaining time. Make sure you hit the submit button after you are finished! You will not be allowed to retake any exam because you are not happy with the score or because you did not finish on time. You may only retake an exam if it freezes on you during the exam. I am able to tell on this end what happened during the exam. Good Luck! CHAPTER 3b The Nervous System what are the two major subdivisions of the nervous system? what does the CNS consist of? what does the PNS consist of? what do the cranial nerves do? what are the two subdivisions of the PNS? what are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? what is homeostasis? what are the two orientations and the four directions used when referencing the brain? Brain Structures what was Roger Sperry able to demonstrate with split-brain patients? what is the homunculus representation in the motor and somatosensory cortex? how thick is the cerebral cortex? what are sulci? what are gyri? what are fissures? For each of the four following lobes, know what cortices are located within them, and what brain functions are they involved with: frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe in which structure do Parkinson's patients have a loss of dopamine neurons? what are the symptoms of Huntington's disease? Know the functions of the following brain structures: Corpus Callosum, Hypothalamus, Pons, Medulla, Cerebellum, Thalamus, Cerebrum (cerebral cortices) CHAPTER 4 Visual Sensory System what is sensation? what is perception? what is absolute threshold? what is the difference threshold? what is transduction? what is adaptation? what are the functions of each of the following parts of the eye: Cornea, Pupil, Iris, Lens, Retina, Blind spot what is the order of the layers of the retina starting from the innermost where light enters the eye? what are the two types of photoreceptors? what do rods allow us to see? what do cones allow us to see? what does the trichromatic theory of color suggest? what does the opponent process theory suggest? what is the retinex theory? Other Sensory Systems AUDITION: what are the functions of the following parts of the ear: pinnae, middle ear bones, oval window, cochlea, basilar membrane what are the transducers for the auditory system? what is the place theory of audition? what does the frequency theory of audition suggest? what does the volley principle argue? what are the two ways we can localize sounds? what is a sound shadow? what is time of arrival? TASTE: where are the taste buds located? what are papillae? which area of the tongue are sweet, salty, sour, and bitter receptors generally located? what is umami? What is sensory-specific satiety? SMELL: where are the olfactory receptors located? where is the olfactory epithelium? what happens in the vomeronasal organ? TOUCH: what do mechanoreceptors do? what do thermoreceptors do? what do nociceptors do? what does the gate theory of pain suggest? what is proprioception? Gestalt Principles what is the principle of similarity? what is the principle of closure? what is the principle of proximity? what is the principle of simplicity? what is the principle of continuity? what is size constancy? what is shape constancy? what is brightness or color constancy? Depth Perception what is convergence? what is retinal disparity (also known as stereopsis)? what is linear perspective? what is relative size? what is interposition? what is texture gradient? what is atmospheric perspective? what is motion parallax? Perceptual Illusions what is the moon illusion? what is the Ponzo Illusion? what is apparent motion and what is one type of apparent motion? CHAPTER 12 Prenatal Development what is individuating maturation? what is maturational readiness? what are the three stages of fetal development? what is a zygote? what is the placenta? what is a teratogen? what is amniocentesis? how do we recognize Down syndrome in a fetus? what are physical differences in the appearance of Down syndrome children? what are the psychological differences in Down syndrome children? what causes FAS? what are the symptoms of FAS? what causes PEA? what are the symptoms of PEA? Neuronal Development what is neuron proliferation? what is plasticity? what is differentiation? Sensory & Motor Development SENSES: what is the acuity vision of newborns? how does a newborns hearing differ from adults? at what age have we demonstrated infants can smell? what touch perception abilities does a newborn have? MOTOR: at what age can an infant sit up without support? at what age can an infant walk without support? at what age can a child kick and throw a ball? Cognitive Development what are Piaget's four stages of cognitive development? what develops in each of the four stages? what is object permanence? what is conservation? what is egocentrism? what is animistic thought? what is source monitoring? Social and Emotional Development What are Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development; at what age do they occur; and what conflict occurs in each stage? what is an attachment? what are the three phases of attachment? what is separation anxiety? what is the strange situation (also known as the strange situation method)? what are the four types of attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth? what was the classic experiment conducted by Harlow & Harlow about? what were the results of Harlow & Harlow's experiment? what did Harlow & Harlow demonstrate was most important for forming physical bonds? what did Spitz suggest about case studies of infants who did not receive physical contact? what is the still face effect? what are the four types of parenting styles and what type of parenting do they represent? Define the three types of play. Moral Development what are the three major levels of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning? what is the pre-conventional level based on? what is the conventional level based on? what is the post-conventional level based on? Adolescents and Aging What is personal fable and imaginary audience? how does crystallized intelligence change as a person ages? how does fluid intelligence change as a person ages? what are the behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease? what is Alzheimer's disease due to? CHAPTER 13a Freud's Theory what is the libido? what are the three structures of Freud's theory of the psyche? what does the id consists of and what principle does it operate on? what does the superego consist of and what principle does it operate on? what principle does the ego operate with and what is it’s function? Know the following defense mechanisms:Projection, Denial, Regression, Reaction formation, Displacement, Sublimation why did Freud use dream analysis? what are Freud's five stages of psychosexual development? what important conflict occurs during the phallic stage and how is it resolved? what happens in the genital stage? what happens in the latency stage? what happens in the oral stage? what happens in the anal stage?
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