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King
Guidelines for the Data Base Project
I have posted a data base called Quality of Governance and its respective code book on
Blackboard to be used with this project. Complete parts 1 and 2.
1. Be transparent with your reader. Examine the code book carefully and identify three
variables you think might be useful regarding your research question topic. Answer these
questions:
▪
▪
▪
What is the original bibliographic source for each of the three interval or ratio-level
variables you are interested in? That is, where did the variable(s) come from? What
original source?
How is each variable operationalized? How do they measure what they purport to
measure? What do high and low values for the variables pertain to exactly? What year
do the data reference?
Thinking about your research topic, which of the three variables you’ve chosen might
be a good dependent variable? Why do you think that?
2. Use SPSS to generate key statistics and graphs for each of your chosen variables.
▪ Specifically, generate a table of statistics for the mean, median, and standard deviation
values for the variables. Provide an analysis of the mean and median values.
▪ Generate a histogram for each of the three variables. Describe the story revealed by the
data in the histograms. That is, do like we have done in class and identify what the
data reveal in the stacks of data in the histogram. What is the mode value? What do
the findings say about your designated dependent variable?
How to Complete the Project
The code book for the Quality of Governance data set is an Acrobat (.pdf) file. It is posted on
Blackboard. It’s a large code book. One way to get a handle on the variables in it is to visit page
10, the Variable Overview page. It has links to all the variables in the code book and data set.
The data set itself is an SPSS data file. The file is also posted on Blackboard. SPSS is a modern
statistical software program. It is easy and fun to use. You need to be at a campus-owned
computer to have access to SPSS to do the project. Another option is learning how to access the
software through the Virtual Computing Network (VCN). Any of the CTRL assistants can help
you download the app. Campus owned computers are in the library, in the basement of Anderson
Hall, and in the basement of the Kerwin building. I recommend going to Anderson or the library
because there is a staff of assistants who will show you how to access SPSS and the data set.
They can also show you how to use the VCN to gain access to SPSS.
Follow These Instructions
1. On a campus owned computer, open Blackboard and click on the link to the Quality of
Governance data base. Once SPSS has opened the file and you see the data in the
SIS 206
King
spreadsheet, save the data base to a stick drive. That way you can save your work to the
stick drive and then upload your table(s) to your Word file on your computer.
2. Remember there are assistants in room 7 in the library who can show you how to access
and use SPSS. They can also show you how to do slightly more sophisticated procedures
such as data selecting on a group of countries such as Latin American or Middle Eastern
countries if you want to prefer to do that. The variable in the data set that you need to
make a regional selection is called ht_region. You will need to identify and use the value
for a specific region, such as Latin America.
3. Once you have generated your output in SPSS (tables and graphs), you’ll need to copy
and paste your work to a Word file. Use the option paste special in Word. If you have
trouble, use the screen shot feature on your computer to copy the output as an image(s)
and then paste it to your Word doc.
Send your work to my email address jcking@american.edu in a Word file. Due date is no later
than Thursday, March 21 by 11:59 that evening. Your paper will likely be between 2 to 3 pages
long, double-spaced.
THE QOG BASIC DATASET
Codebook
June 8, 2012
Note: Those scholars who wish to use this dataset in their research are kindly requested to cite both
the original source (as stated in this codebook) and use the following citation:
Teorell, Jan, Marcus Samanni, Sören Holmberg and Bo Rothstein. 2012. The Quality of
Government Basic Dataset made from The QoG Standard Dataset version 6Apr11. University
of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute, http://www.qog.pol.gu.se.
A brief note to the user
The QoG institute offers a range of datasets on indicators of quality of government and all
things related. Our flagship has long been the QoG standard dataset available in both crosssection and time-series, however as the QoG standard dataset has grown so has the demand
for a dataset that is easier to get an overview of, and therefore we have launched the QoG
Basic dataset. The purpose of which is to meet this demand by offering the most used and the
most qualitative variables in terms of data from the QoG standard dataset in a more accessible package.
In this codebook you will find short descriptions of all the variables in the QoG Basic dataset and on page 8 an overview of the variables in the set. Should you at any time feel that
you want fuller set of indicators on quality of government we recommend you take a look at
the QoG Standard dataset available on our website. Containing an additional 700 variables,
the standard dataset offers more nuance and width when it comes to both causes and effects.
Also, as the QoG Basic Dataset has the same case id system as the QoG standard dataset
you can easily merge additional variables from the latter to the former.
If you are interested in social policy or the inner workings of bureaucracies you might also
find our datasets QoG Social Policy or QoG Expert Survey useful. They are both as all the other
of our datasets available for free downloads on our website.
If you are new to the field of Quality of Government research or want an overview of how
other researchers have thought about cause and causality you might find the Introduction on
page 7 helpful.
Should you at any time encounter problems with the dataset please feel free to contact the
QoG institute data administration.
Stefan Dahlberg PhD
Dataset Manager
stefan.dahlberg@pol.gu.se
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
VAriable Overview......................................................................................................................................... 10
Country and Time Coverage .......................................................................................................................... 11
Country and Case Identifier Codes ................................................................................................................ 13
ccode
Country Code Numeric .................................................................................... 13
ccodealp
3-letter Country Code ........................................................................................ 13
cname
Country Name .................................................................................................. 14
ccodewb
Country Code World Bank The countries code in World Bank data .............. 16
ccodecow
Country Code Correlates of War ..................................................................... 16
year
Year
cname_year
Country Name and Year .................................................................................. 16
................................................................................................... 16
ccodealp_year3-letter Country Code and Year ........................................................................ 16
version
Version of the Dataset...................................................................................... 16
WII (What It Is) Variables ............................................................................................................................. 17
Bueno de Mesquita, Smith, Siverson & Morrow ...................................................................................... 17
bdm_s
Selectorate Size .................................................................................................. 17
bdm_w
Winning Coalition Size ...................................................................................... 17
bdm_w_s
Winning Coalition Size Relative to Selectorate Size .......................................... 17
Cingranelli & Richards – Human Rights Dataset...................................................................................... 18
ciri_assn
Freedom of Assembly and Association ............................................................. 18
ciri_disap
Disappearance ................................................................................................... 18
ciri_empinx_old Empowerment Rights Index (Old) .............................................................. 18
ciri_kill
Extrajudicial Killing ........................................................................................... 19
ciri_move_old Freedom of Movement (Old) ........................................................................ 19
ciri_dommov Freedom of Domestic Movement .................................................................... 19
ciri_physint Physical Integrity Rights Index .......................................................................... 19
ciri_polpris
Political Imprisonment ...................................................................................... 20
ciri_tort
Torture
................................................................................................... 20
Coppedge, Alvarez & Maldonado ............................................................................................................. 20
cam_contest Contestation (standardized version) .................................................................. 21
cam_inclusive Inclusiveness (standardized version) ............................................................... 21
Freedom House ......................................................................................................................................... 21
3
fh_cl
Civil Liberties ................................................................................................... 21
fh_pr
Political Rights ................................................................................................... 21
fh_status
Status
fh_fog
Functioning of Government ............................................................................. 22
fh_press
Freedom of the Press ....................................................................................... 22
................................................................................................... 22
Freedom House/Polity.............................................................................................................................. 23
fh_polity2
Democracy (Freedom House/Polity) ............................................................... 23
fh_ipolity2
Democracy (Freedom House/Imputed Polity)................................................. 23
Gibney, Cornett & Wood – Political Terror Scale .................................................................................... 23
gd_ptss
Political Terror Scale – US State Department ................................................... 23
Index of African Governance ................................................................................................................... 24
iag_iag
Index of African Governance ........................................................................... 24
iag_rltc
Rule of Law, Transparency and Corruption ..................................................... 24
International Country Risk Guide – The PRS Group .............................................................................. 24
icrg_qog
ICRG indicator of Quality of Government ...................................................... 24
Polity IV..................................................................................................................................................... 26
p_polity2
Revised Combined Polity Score ........................................................................ 26
p_durable
Regime Durability .............................................................................................. 26
p_fragment
Polity Fragmentation ......................................................................................... 27
p_sf
State Failure
................................................................................................... 27
Transparency International........................................................................................................................ 28
ti_cpi
Corruption Perceptions Index ........................................................................... 28
Vanhanen – Index of Democratization ..................................................................................................... 28
van_part
Participation ................................................................................................... 28
World Bank – Governance Indicators (a.k.a KKZ) .................................................................................. 28
wbgi_vae
Voice and Accountability – Estimate ................................................................ 29
wbgi_pse
Political Stability - Estimate ............................................................................... 29
wbgi_gee
Government Effectiveness - Estimate .............................................................. 29
wbgi_rqe
Regulatory Quality - Estimate ........................................................................... 30
wbgi_rle
Rule of Law - Estimate ...................................................................................... 30
wbgi_cce
Control of Corruption - Estimate ..................................................................... 30
HTG (How To Get It) Variables ................................................................................................................... 31
Acemoglu, Johnson & Robinson .............................................................................................................. 31
ajr_settmort Log Settler Mortality .......................................................................................... 31
Armingeon et al – Comparative Political Dataset ..................................................................................... 31
ar_li_cbi
Central bank independence ............................................................................... 31
4
Barro & Lee ............................................................................................................................................... 31
bl_asyf25
Average Schooling Years (Female) .................................................................... 31
bl_asym25
Average Schooling Years (Male)........................................................................ 31
bl_asyt25
Average Schooling Years (Total) ....................................................................... 32
Dreher – KOF Index of Globalization ..................................................................................................... 32
dr_ig
Index of Globalization ...................................................................................... 32
Fraser Institute – Economic Freedom of the World ................................................................................ 32
fi_index
Economic Freedom of the World Index (current) ........................................... 32
Golder ........................................................................................................................................................ 33
gol_est2
Electoral System Type 2 .................................................................................... 33
Hadenius, Teorell & Wahman – Types of Authoritarian Regimes ........................................................... 33
ht_regtype Regime Type ................................................................................................... 33
ht_partsz
Size of Largest Party in Legislature (in Fractions) ............................................. 34
Hadenius & Teorell – Region and Colonial Origin ................................................................................... 34
ht_region
The Region of the Country ............................................................................... 34
ht_colonial
Colonial Origin .................................................................................................. 35
Henisz – The Political Constraints Index (POLCON) ............................................................................. 35
h_polcon3 Political Constraints Index III ........................................................................... 35
h_j
Independent Judiciary........................................................................................ 36
Heritage Foundation.................................................................................................................................. 36
hf_efiscore Economic Freedom Index ................................................................................ 36
hf_trade
Trade Freedom .................................................................................................. 36
hf_govt
Freedom from Government .............................................................................. 37
hf_prights
Property Rights .................................................................................................. 37
hf_labor
Labor Freedom .................................................................................................. 37
Heston, Summers & Aten – Penn World Table ....................................................................................... 38
pwt_rgdpch Real GDP per capita (Constant Prices: Chain series) ....................................... 38
pwt_csg
Consumption Share of GDP (%) ...................................................................... 38
pwt_gsg
Government Share of GDP (%) ....................................................................... 38
pwt_isg
Investment Share of GDP (%) .......................................................................... 38
pwt_openk
Openness to Trade, Constant Prices ................................................................. 39
Inter-Parliamentary Union......................................................................................................................... 39
ipu_w_lower Women in national parliament (lower house) ................................................... 39
ipu_w_upper Women in national parliament (upper house) ................................................... 39
Institutions and Elections Project ............................................................................................................. 39
Executive-Legislature Relationship .......................................................................................... 40
5
iaep_evp
Executive Veto Power ....................................................................................... 40
iaep_lvp
Legislature Veto Power ..................................................................................... 40
iaep_bp
Banned Parties ................................................................................................... 40
iaep_npa
No Parties Allowed ........................................................................................... 40
iaep_osp
Official State Party............................................................................................. 40
Johnson & Wallack .................................................................................................................................... 40
jw_domr
Dominant or Populous Tier .............................................................................. 41
La Porta, López-de-Silanes, Shleifer & Vishny ......................................................................................... 41
lp_legor
Legal origin ................................................................................................... 41
................................................................................................... 42
lp_lat_abst
Latitude
lp_catho80
Religion: Catholic .............................................................................................. 42
lp_muslim80 Religion: Muslim ................................................................................................ 42
lp_protmg80 Religion: Protestant ........................................................................................... 42
lp_no_cpm80 Religion: Other Denomination ....................................................................... 42
Maddison ................................................................................................................................................... 43
mad_pop
Population (thousand) ...................................................................................... 43
Melander .................................................................................................................................................... 43
m_femlead Female State Leader........................................................................................... 43
m_wominpar
Women in Parliament (percent) .................................................................... 43
Norris – Democracy Time-Series Dataset ................................................................................................ 43
no_pm
Parliamentary Monarchy .................................................................................... 43
no_pr
Presidential Republic ......................................................................................... 44
no_rm
Ruling Monarchy ............................................................................................... 44
no_ms
Military State ................................................................................................... 44
no_ndel
No Directly Elected Legislature ........................................................................ 44
no_pes
Proportional Electoral System ........................................................................... 44
no_ces
Combined (Mixed) Electoral System ................................................................ 44
no_mes
Majoritarian Electoral System ........................................................................... 44
no_ufs
Unitary or Federal State ..................................................................................... 45
Roeder........................................................................................................................................................ 45
r_elf85
Ethnolinguistic fractionalization 1985............................................................... 45
UNU-WIDER – World Income Inequality Database .............................................................................. 45
uw_gini
Gini (mean) ................................................................................................... 45
World Development Indicators ................................................................................................................ 46
wdi_gdp
GDP, PPP (Constant International USD) ........................................................ 46
6
wdi_gdpc
GDP per Capita, PPP (Constant International USD) ....................................... 46
wdi_ttr
Total Trade (% of GDP) ................................................................................... 46
wdi_aid
Net Development Assistance and Aid (Constant USD) ................................... 46
wdi_area
Area (sq. km) ................................................................................................... 46
wdi_fe
Fuel Exports (% of Merchandise Exports) ....................................................... 47
wdi_oame
Ores and Metals Exports (% of Merchandise Exports) .................................... 47
wdi_me
Merchandise Exports (Current USD) ............................................................... 47
WYG (What You Get) Variables ................................................................................................................... 48
Bueno de Mesquita, Smith, Siverson & Morrow ...................................................................................... 48
bdm_hobbes Hobbes Index ................................................................................................... 48
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) ......................................................... 48
fao_fpic
Fish Production, Inland Capture ....................................................................... 48
fao_fpmc
Fish Production, Marine Capture ...................................................................... 48
Fund for Peace - Failed States Index......................................................................................................... 49
ffp_fsi
Failed States Index............................................................................................ 49
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation – University of Washington ................................................ 49
ihme_nm
Neonatal Mortality Rate (per 1,000 Births) ....................................................... 49
ihme_fmort Under-5 Mortality Rate (per 1,000 Live Births) ................................................ 49
ihme_mmr
Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 Live Births) .......................................... 50
UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset (version 3-2005) ......................................................................... 50
ucdp_count Number of Conflicts ......................................................................................... 50
ucdp_loc
Conflict Location ............................................................................................... 50
UNDP - Human Development Report .................................................................................................... 51
undp_hdi
Human Development Index ............................................................................. 51
World Development Indicators ................................................................................................................ 51
wdi_gdpgr GDP Growth (%) .............................................................................................. 51
wdi_gdpcgr GDP per Capita Growth (%) ............................................................................ 51
wdi_pb2
Population Below $2 a Day (%) ........................................................................ 51
wdi_pbpl
Population Below National Poverty Line (%) ................................................... 52
wdi_hec
Health Expenditure per Capita, PPP (Constant USD) ..................................... 52
wdi_gr
Government Revenue (% of GDP) .................................................................. 52
wdi_gew
Government Expenditure on Wages and Employer Contributions (% of Expense)
52
wdi_ge
Government Expense (% of GDP) .................................................................. 52
wdi_co2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions (Tons per Capita) .................................................. 53
7
wdi_epc
Electric Power Consumption (kWh per Capita) ............................................... 53
wdi_fw
Freshwater Withdrawals (% of Internal Resources) ......................................... 53
wdi_aas
Access to Adequate Sanitation (% of Population) ............................................ 53
wdi_ise
Industry‟s share of economy (% of GDP) ........................................................ 54
wdi_sse
Services‟ share of economy (% of GDP) .......................................................... 54
wdi_idp
Internally Displaced Persons ............................................................................. 54
wdi_eodb
Ease of Doing Business ..................................................................................... 54
wdi_fr
Fertility Rate (Births per Woman) .................................................................... 55
wdi_gris
Gender Ratio in School (%) .............................................................................. 55
wdi_lue
Long-Term Unemployment (% of Unemployed) ............................................. 55
World Values Survey ................................................................................................................................. 55
wvs_a008
Feeling of happiness .......................................................................................... 55
wvs_a009
State of health ................................................................................................... 56
wvs_a165
Most people can be trusted ............................................................................... 56
wvs_e033
Self positioning in political scale ....................................................................... 56
wvs_e037
Government more responsibility ...................................................................... 57
wvs_e124
Respect for individual human rights ................................................................. 57
wvs_e125
Satisfaction with the people in national office .................................................. 57
wvs_e128
Country is run by big interest vs. all people ...................................................... 57
wvs_gen
Gender Equality Scale ....................................................................................... 58
wvs_rs
Religiosity Scale ................................................................................................ 58
wvs_proud
National pride ................................................................................................... 58
wvs_tol
Tolerance of diversity ........................................................................................ 59
wvs_trust
Interpersonal trust ............................................................................................. 59
References ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
8
INTRODUCTION
One aim of the QoG Institute is to make publicly available cross-national comparative data on
QoG and its correlates. To accomplish this objective we have compiled both a cross-sectional
dataset with global coverage pertaining to the year 2002 (or the closest year available), and a crosssectional time-series dataset with global coverage spanning the time period 1946–2010. The datasets draw on a number of freely available cross-sectional data sources, including aggregated individual-level data, and contain three types of variables:
▪ WII (What It Is) variables, that is, variables pertaining to the core features of QoG (such
as corruption, bureaucratic quality, and democracy)
▪ HTG (How To Get it) variables, that is, variables posited to promote the development
of QoG (such as electoral rules, forms of government, federalism, legal & colonial origin,
religion and social fractionalization); and
▪ WYG (What You Get) variables, that is, variables pertaining to some of the posited consequences of QoG (such as economic and human development, international and domestic peace, environmental sustainability, gender equality, and satisfied, trusting and confident citizens).
Our classification of the variables into these three categories should be seen as heuristic, as the
more exact causal ordering of one‟s variables obviously depends on the research question.
On the following page the variables are arranged according to category (HTG/WII/WYG). Due to
spatial issues the original source is not listed for each variable to find the source and to find a description of the variable please consult the table of contents starting on page 3. Also in addition to
the variables listed on the next page there are some functional variables such as year or country
which are left out from the list but are included elsewhere in the codebook.
9
VARIABLE OVERVIEW
WII (What it is)
bdm_s (Selectorate size)
bdm_w (Win. Coalition size)
bdm_w_s (bdm_w/bdm_s)
ciri_assn (Free. of assembly)
ciri_disap (Disappearances)
ciri_kill (Extra judiciary killings)
ciri_move_old (Free move.)
ciri_empinx_old (Rights)
ciri_dommov (Free movement)
ciri_physint (Phys. integrity)
ciri_polpris (Pol. Prisoners)
ciri_tort (Torture)
cam_contest (Contestation)
cam_inclusive (Inclusiveness)
fh_cl (Civil liberties)
fh_pr (Political rights)
fh_status (Freedom H. status)
fh_fog (Functioning of Gov.)
fh_press (Press freedom)
fh_polity2 (Democracy)
fh_ipolity2 (Democracy)
gd_ptss (Pol. Terror scale)
iag_iag (African Governance)
iag_rltc (Rule of Law)
icrg_qog (Quality of Gov.)
p_polity2 (Democracy)
p_durable (Regime change)
p_fragment (Polity fragment.)
p_sf (State failure)
ti_cpi (Corruption)
van_part (Pol. participation)
wbgi_vae (Pol. freedom)
wbgi_pse (Pol. Stability)
wbgi_gee (Gov. effectiveness)
wbgi_rqe (Regulatory Quality)
wbgi_rle (Rule of Law)
wbgi_cce(Corruption)
HTG (How to get it)
ajr_settmort (Settler mortality)
ar_li_cbi (Central bank indep.)
bl_asyf25 (ibid. Female)
bl_asym25 (ibid. Male)
bl_asyt25 (Mean schooling tot)
dr_ig (Globalization)
fi_clindex (Economic freedom)
gol_est2 (Electoral sys.)
ht_regtype (Regime type)
ht_partsz (Seat´s/largest party)
ht_region (World region)
ht_colonial (Colonial origin)
h_polcon3 (Veto players)
h_j (Independent Judiciary)
hf_efiscore (Economic freedo.)
hf_trade (Trade freedom)
hf_govt (Gov. Econ. Activity)
hf_prights (Property rights)
hf_labor (Labour freedom)
pwt_rgdpch (GDP/capita)
pwt_csg (Consumption)
pwt_gsg (Gov. Share of GDP)
pwt_isg (Investment of GDP)
pwt_openk (Trade /GDP)
ipu_w_lower (♀ / low.chamb.)
ipu_w_upper (♀ / upp.chamb.)
iaep_evp (Executive veto pow.)
iaep_lvp (Legislature vetopow.)
iaep_bp (Banned parties)
iaep_npa (No parties allowed)
iaep_osp (State party?)
jw_domr (Dom./pop. tier)
lp_legor (Legal origin)
lp_lat_abst (Latitude)
lp_catho80 (Catholic/pop)
lp_muslim80 (Muslim/pop)
lp_protmg80 (Protestant/pop)
lp_no_cpm80 (Other rel./pop)
mad_pop (Population/1000)
m_femlead (♀-state leader?)
m_wominpar (♀/parliament)
no_pm (Monarchy?)
no_pr (Parliamentary rep?)
no_rm (Ruling monarchy?)
no_ms (Military state?)
no_ndel (Elected legislature?)
no_pes (Proportional sys.?)
no_ces (Mixed electoral sys?)
no_mes (Majoritarian sys?)
no_ufs (Unitary/federal state?)
r_elf85 (Etno-Ling Fractionaliz.)
uw_gini (Mean Gini)
wdi_gdp (GDP, PPP)
wdi_gdpc (GDP/capita)
wdi_ttr (Total trade/GDP)
wdi_aid (Development ass.)
wdi_area (Area)
wdi_fe (Fuel export)
wdi_oame (Ore & Metal exp.)
wdi_me (Merchandise export)
WYG (What you get)
bdm_hobbes (State of Nature)
fao_fpic (Fish production inla.)
fao_fpmc (Fish prod. marine)
ffp_fsi (Failed state index)
ihme_nm (Neonatal mortality)
ihme_fmort (Mort
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