SIS206 American University Quality of Governance SPSS Data Base Project

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SIS206

American University

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I have posted a data base called Quality of Governance and its respective code book on Blackboard to be used with this project. Complete parts 1 and 2.

  • Be transparent with your reader. Examine the code book carefully and identify three variables you think might be useful regarding your research question topic. Answer these questions:
  • Use SPSS to generate key statistics and graphs for each of your chosen variables.
  • What is the original bibliographic source for each of the three interval or ratio-level variables you are interested in? That is, where did the variable(s) come from? What original source?
  • How is each variable operationalized? How do they measure what they purport to measure? What do high and low values for the variables pertain to exactly? What year do the data reference?
  • Thinking about your research topic, which of the three variables you’ve chosen might be a good dependent variable? Why do you think that?
  • Specifically, generate a table of statistics for the mean, median, and standard deviation values for the variables. Provide an analysis of the mean and median values.
  • Generate a histogram for each of the three variables. Describe the story revealed by the data in the histograms. That is, do like we have done in class and identify what the data reveal in the stacks of data in the histogram. What is the mode value? What do the findings say about your designated dependent variable?

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SIS 206 King Guidelines for the Data Base Project I have posted a data base called Quality of Governance and its respective code book on Blackboard to be used with this project. Complete parts 1 and 2. 1. Be transparent with your reader. Examine the code book carefully and identify three variables you think might be useful regarding your research question topic. Answer these questions: ▪ ▪ ▪ What is the original bibliographic source for each of the three interval or ratio-level variables you are interested in? That is, where did the variable(s) come from? What original source? How is each variable operationalized? How do they measure what they purport to measure? What do high and low values for the variables pertain to exactly? What year do the data reference? Thinking about your research topic, which of the three variables you’ve chosen might be a good dependent variable? Why do you think that? 2. Use SPSS to generate key statistics and graphs for each of your chosen variables. ▪ Specifically, generate a table of statistics for the mean, median, and standard deviation values for the variables. Provide an analysis of the mean and median values. ▪ Generate a histogram for each of the three variables. Describe the story revealed by the data in the histograms. That is, do like we have done in class and identify what the data reveal in the stacks of data in the histogram. What is the mode value? What do the findings say about your designated dependent variable? How to Complete the Project The code book for the Quality of Governance data set is an Acrobat (.pdf) file. It is posted on Blackboard. It’s a large code book. One way to get a handle on the variables in it is to visit page 10, the Variable Overview page. It has links to all the variables in the code book and data set. The data set itself is an SPSS data file. The file is also posted on Blackboard. SPSS is a modern statistical software program. It is easy and fun to use. You need to be at a campus-owned computer to have access to SPSS to do the project. Another option is learning how to access the software through the Virtual Computing Network (VCN). Any of the CTRL assistants can help you download the app. Campus owned computers are in the library, in the basement of Anderson Hall, and in the basement of the Kerwin building. I recommend going to Anderson or the library because there is a staff of assistants who will show you how to access SPSS and the data set. They can also show you how to use the VCN to gain access to SPSS. Follow These Instructions 1. On a campus owned computer, open Blackboard and click on the link to the Quality of Governance data base. Once SPSS has opened the file and you see the data in the SIS 206 King spreadsheet, save the data base to a stick drive. That way you can save your work to the stick drive and then upload your table(s) to your Word file on your computer. 2. Remember there are assistants in room 7 in the library who can show you how to access and use SPSS. They can also show you how to do slightly more sophisticated procedures such as data selecting on a group of countries such as Latin American or Middle Eastern countries if you want to prefer to do that. The variable in the data set that you need to make a regional selection is called ht_region. You will need to identify and use the value for a specific region, such as Latin America. 3. Once you have generated your output in SPSS (tables and graphs), you’ll need to copy and paste your work to a Word file. Use the option paste special in Word. If you have trouble, use the screen shot feature on your computer to copy the output as an image(s) and then paste it to your Word doc. Send your work to my email address jcking@american.edu in a Word file. Due date is no later than Thursday, March 21 by 11:59 that evening. Your paper will likely be between 2 to 3 pages long, double-spaced. THE QOG BASIC DATASET Codebook June 8, 2012 Note: Those scholars who wish to use this dataset in their research are kindly requested to cite both the original source (as stated in this codebook) and use the following citation: Teorell, Jan, Marcus Samanni, Sören Holmberg and Bo Rothstein. 2012. The Quality of Government Basic Dataset made from The QoG Standard Dataset version 6Apr11. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute, http://www.qog.pol.gu.se. A brief note to the user The QoG institute offers a range of datasets on indicators of quality of government and all things related. Our flagship has long been the QoG standard dataset available in both crosssection and time-series, however as the QoG standard dataset has grown so has the demand for a dataset that is easier to get an overview of, and therefore we have launched the QoG Basic dataset. The purpose of which is to meet this demand by offering the most used and the most qualitative variables in terms of data from the QoG standard dataset in a more accessible package. In this codebook you will find short descriptions of all the variables in the QoG Basic dataset and on page 8 an overview of the variables in the set. Should you at any time feel that you want fuller set of indicators on quality of government we recommend you take a look at the QoG Standard dataset available on our website. Containing an additional 700 variables, the standard dataset offers more nuance and width when it comes to both causes and effects. Also, as the QoG Basic Dataset has the same case id system as the QoG standard dataset you can easily merge additional variables from the latter to the former. If you are interested in social policy or the inner workings of bureaucracies you might also find our datasets QoG Social Policy or QoG Expert Survey useful. They are both as all the other of our datasets available for free downloads on our website. If you are new to the field of Quality of Government research or want an overview of how other researchers have thought about cause and causality you might find the Introduction on page 7 helpful. Should you at any time encounter problems with the dataset please feel free to contact the QoG institute data administration. Stefan Dahlberg PhD Dataset Manager stefan.dahlberg@pol.gu.se 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 VAriable Overview......................................................................................................................................... 10 Country and Time Coverage .......................................................................................................................... 11 Country and Case Identifier Codes ................................................................................................................ 13 ccode Country Code Numeric .................................................................................... 13 ccodealp 3-letter Country Code ........................................................................................ 13 cname Country Name .................................................................................................. 14 ccodewb Country Code World Bank The countries code in World Bank data .............. 16 ccodecow Country Code Correlates of War ..................................................................... 16 year Year cname_year Country Name and Year .................................................................................. 16 ................................................................................................... 16 ccodealp_year3-letter Country Code and Year ........................................................................ 16 version Version of the Dataset...................................................................................... 16 WII (What It Is) Variables ............................................................................................................................. 17 Bueno de Mesquita, Smith, Siverson & Morrow ...................................................................................... 17 bdm_s Selectorate Size .................................................................................................. 17 bdm_w Winning Coalition Size ...................................................................................... 17 bdm_w_s Winning Coalition Size Relative to Selectorate Size .......................................... 17 Cingranelli & Richards – Human Rights Dataset...................................................................................... 18 ciri_assn Freedom of Assembly and Association ............................................................. 18 ciri_disap Disappearance ................................................................................................... 18 ciri_empinx_old Empowerment Rights Index (Old) .............................................................. 18 ciri_kill Extrajudicial Killing ........................................................................................... 19 ciri_move_old Freedom of Movement (Old) ........................................................................ 19 ciri_dommov Freedom of Domestic Movement .................................................................... 19 ciri_physint Physical Integrity Rights Index .......................................................................... 19 ciri_polpris Political Imprisonment ...................................................................................... 20 ciri_tort Torture ................................................................................................... 20 Coppedge, Alvarez & Maldonado ............................................................................................................. 20 cam_contest Contestation (standardized version) .................................................................. 21 cam_inclusive Inclusiveness (standardized version) ............................................................... 21 Freedom House ......................................................................................................................................... 21 3 fh_cl Civil Liberties ................................................................................................... 21 fh_pr Political Rights ................................................................................................... 21 fh_status Status fh_fog Functioning of Government ............................................................................. 22 fh_press Freedom of the Press ....................................................................................... 22 ................................................................................................... 22 Freedom House/Polity.............................................................................................................................. 23 fh_polity2 Democracy (Freedom House/Polity) ............................................................... 23 fh_ipolity2 Democracy (Freedom House/Imputed Polity)................................................. 23 Gibney, Cornett & Wood – Political Terror Scale .................................................................................... 23 gd_ptss Political Terror Scale – US State Department ................................................... 23 Index of African Governance ................................................................................................................... 24 iag_iag Index of African Governance ........................................................................... 24 iag_rltc Rule of Law, Transparency and Corruption ..................................................... 24 International Country Risk Guide – The PRS Group .............................................................................. 24 icrg_qog ICRG indicator of Quality of Government ...................................................... 24 Polity IV..................................................................................................................................................... 26 p_polity2 Revised Combined Polity Score ........................................................................ 26 p_durable Regime Durability .............................................................................................. 26 p_fragment Polity Fragmentation ......................................................................................... 27 p_sf State Failure ................................................................................................... 27 Transparency International........................................................................................................................ 28 ti_cpi Corruption Perceptions Index ........................................................................... 28 Vanhanen – Index of Democratization ..................................................................................................... 28 van_part Participation ................................................................................................... 28 World Bank – Governance Indicators (a.k.a KKZ) .................................................................................. 28 wbgi_vae Voice and Accountability – Estimate ................................................................ 29 wbgi_pse Political Stability - Estimate ............................................................................... 29 wbgi_gee Government Effectiveness - Estimate .............................................................. 29 wbgi_rqe Regulatory Quality - Estimate ........................................................................... 30 wbgi_rle Rule of Law - Estimate ...................................................................................... 30 wbgi_cce Control of Corruption - Estimate ..................................................................... 30 HTG (How To Get It) Variables ................................................................................................................... 31 Acemoglu, Johnson & Robinson .............................................................................................................. 31 ajr_settmort Log Settler Mortality .......................................................................................... 31 Armingeon et al – Comparative Political Dataset ..................................................................................... 31 ar_li_cbi Central bank independence ............................................................................... 31 4 Barro & Lee ............................................................................................................................................... 31 bl_asyf25 Average Schooling Years (Female) .................................................................... 31 bl_asym25 Average Schooling Years (Male)........................................................................ 31 bl_asyt25 Average Schooling Years (Total) ....................................................................... 32 Dreher – KOF Index of Globalization ..................................................................................................... 32 dr_ig Index of Globalization ...................................................................................... 32 Fraser Institute – Economic Freedom of the World ................................................................................ 32 fi_index Economic Freedom of the World Index (current) ........................................... 32 Golder ........................................................................................................................................................ 33 gol_est2 Electoral System Type 2 .................................................................................... 33 Hadenius, Teorell & Wahman – Types of Authoritarian Regimes ........................................................... 33 ht_regtype Regime Type ................................................................................................... 33 ht_partsz Size of Largest Party in Legislature (in Fractions) ............................................. 34 Hadenius & Teorell – Region and Colonial Origin ................................................................................... 34 ht_region The Region of the Country ............................................................................... 34 ht_colonial Colonial Origin .................................................................................................. 35 Henisz – The Political Constraints Index (POLCON) ............................................................................. 35 h_polcon3 Political Constraints Index III ........................................................................... 35 h_j Independent Judiciary........................................................................................ 36 Heritage Foundation.................................................................................................................................. 36 hf_efiscore Economic Freedom Index ................................................................................ 36 hf_trade Trade Freedom .................................................................................................. 36 hf_govt Freedom from Government .............................................................................. 37 hf_prights Property Rights .................................................................................................. 37 hf_labor Labor Freedom .................................................................................................. 37 Heston, Summers & Aten – Penn World Table ....................................................................................... 38 pwt_rgdpch Real GDP per capita (Constant Prices: Chain series) ....................................... 38 pwt_csg Consumption Share of GDP (%) ...................................................................... 38 pwt_gsg Government Share of GDP (%) ....................................................................... 38 pwt_isg Investment Share of GDP (%) .......................................................................... 38 pwt_openk Openness to Trade, Constant Prices ................................................................. 39 Inter-Parliamentary Union......................................................................................................................... 39 ipu_w_lower Women in national parliament (lower house) ................................................... 39 ipu_w_upper Women in national parliament (upper house) ................................................... 39 Institutions and Elections Project ............................................................................................................. 39 Executive-Legislature Relationship .......................................................................................... 40 5 iaep_evp Executive Veto Power ....................................................................................... 40 iaep_lvp Legislature Veto Power ..................................................................................... 40 iaep_bp Banned Parties ................................................................................................... 40 iaep_npa No Parties Allowed ........................................................................................... 40 iaep_osp Official State Party............................................................................................. 40 Johnson & Wallack .................................................................................................................................... 40 jw_domr Dominant or Populous Tier .............................................................................. 41 La Porta, López-de-Silanes, Shleifer & Vishny ......................................................................................... 41 lp_legor Legal origin ................................................................................................... 41 ................................................................................................... 42 lp_lat_abst Latitude lp_catho80 Religion: Catholic .............................................................................................. 42 lp_muslim80 Religion: Muslim ................................................................................................ 42 lp_protmg80 Religion: Protestant ........................................................................................... 42 lp_no_cpm80 Religion: Other Denomination ....................................................................... 42 Maddison ................................................................................................................................................... 43 mad_pop Population (thousand) ...................................................................................... 43 Melander .................................................................................................................................................... 43 m_femlead Female State Leader........................................................................................... 43 m_wominpar Women in Parliament (percent) .................................................................... 43 Norris – Democracy Time-Series Dataset ................................................................................................ 43 no_pm Parliamentary Monarchy .................................................................................... 43 no_pr Presidential Republic ......................................................................................... 44 no_rm Ruling Monarchy ............................................................................................... 44 no_ms Military State ................................................................................................... 44 no_ndel No Directly Elected Legislature ........................................................................ 44 no_pes Proportional Electoral System ........................................................................... 44 no_ces Combined (Mixed) Electoral System ................................................................ 44 no_mes Majoritarian Electoral System ........................................................................... 44 no_ufs Unitary or Federal State ..................................................................................... 45 Roeder........................................................................................................................................................ 45 r_elf85 Ethnolinguistic fractionalization 1985............................................................... 45 UNU-WIDER – World Income Inequality Database .............................................................................. 45 uw_gini Gini (mean) ................................................................................................... 45 World Development Indicators ................................................................................................................ 46 wdi_gdp GDP, PPP (Constant International USD) ........................................................ 46 6 wdi_gdpc GDP per Capita, PPP (Constant International USD) ....................................... 46 wdi_ttr Total Trade (% of GDP) ................................................................................... 46 wdi_aid Net Development Assistance and Aid (Constant USD) ................................... 46 wdi_area Area (sq. km) ................................................................................................... 46 wdi_fe Fuel Exports (% of Merchandise Exports) ....................................................... 47 wdi_oame Ores and Metals Exports (% of Merchandise Exports) .................................... 47 wdi_me Merchandise Exports (Current USD) ............................................................... 47 WYG (What You Get) Variables ................................................................................................................... 48 Bueno de Mesquita, Smith, Siverson & Morrow ...................................................................................... 48 bdm_hobbes Hobbes Index ................................................................................................... 48 Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) ......................................................... 48 fao_fpic Fish Production, Inland Capture ....................................................................... 48 fao_fpmc Fish Production, Marine Capture ...................................................................... 48 Fund for Peace - Failed States Index......................................................................................................... 49 ffp_fsi Failed States Index............................................................................................ 49 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation – University of Washington ................................................ 49 ihme_nm Neonatal Mortality Rate (per 1,000 Births) ....................................................... 49 ihme_fmort Under-5 Mortality Rate (per 1,000 Live Births) ................................................ 49 ihme_mmr Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 Live Births) .......................................... 50 UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset (version 3-2005) ......................................................................... 50 ucdp_count Number of Conflicts ......................................................................................... 50 ucdp_loc Conflict Location ............................................................................................... 50 UNDP - Human Development Report .................................................................................................... 51 undp_hdi Human Development Index ............................................................................. 51 World Development Indicators ................................................................................................................ 51 wdi_gdpgr GDP Growth (%) .............................................................................................. 51 wdi_gdpcgr GDP per Capita Growth (%) ............................................................................ 51 wdi_pb2 Population Below $2 a Day (%) ........................................................................ 51 wdi_pbpl Population Below National Poverty Line (%) ................................................... 52 wdi_hec Health Expenditure per Capita, PPP (Constant USD) ..................................... 52 wdi_gr Government Revenue (% of GDP) .................................................................. 52 wdi_gew Government Expenditure on Wages and Employer Contributions (% of Expense) 52 wdi_ge Government Expense (% of GDP) .................................................................. 52 wdi_co2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions (Tons per Capita) .................................................. 53 7 wdi_epc Electric Power Consumption (kWh per Capita) ............................................... 53 wdi_fw Freshwater Withdrawals (% of Internal Resources) ......................................... 53 wdi_aas Access to Adequate Sanitation (% of Population) ............................................ 53 wdi_ise Industry‟s share of economy (% of GDP) ........................................................ 54 wdi_sse Services‟ share of economy (% of GDP) .......................................................... 54 wdi_idp Internally Displaced Persons ............................................................................. 54 wdi_eodb Ease of Doing Business ..................................................................................... 54 wdi_fr Fertility Rate (Births per Woman) .................................................................... 55 wdi_gris Gender Ratio in School (%) .............................................................................. 55 wdi_lue Long-Term Unemployment (% of Unemployed) ............................................. 55 World Values Survey ................................................................................................................................. 55 wvs_a008 Feeling of happiness .......................................................................................... 55 wvs_a009 State of health ................................................................................................... 56 wvs_a165 Most people can be trusted ............................................................................... 56 wvs_e033 Self positioning in political scale ....................................................................... 56 wvs_e037 Government more responsibility ...................................................................... 57 wvs_e124 Respect for individual human rights ................................................................. 57 wvs_e125 Satisfaction with the people in national office .................................................. 57 wvs_e128 Country is run by big interest vs. all people ...................................................... 57 wvs_gen Gender Equality Scale ....................................................................................... 58 wvs_rs Religiosity Scale ................................................................................................ 58 wvs_proud National pride ................................................................................................... 58 wvs_tol Tolerance of diversity ........................................................................................ 59 wvs_trust Interpersonal trust ............................................................................................. 59 References ...................................................................................................................................................... 60 8 INTRODUCTION One aim of the QoG Institute is to make publicly available cross-national comparative data on QoG and its correlates. To accomplish this objective we have compiled both a cross-sectional dataset with global coverage pertaining to the year 2002 (or the closest year available), and a crosssectional time-series dataset with global coverage spanning the time period 1946–2010. The datasets draw on a number of freely available cross-sectional data sources, including aggregated individual-level data, and contain three types of variables: ▪ WII (What It Is) variables, that is, variables pertaining to the core features of QoG (such as corruption, bureaucratic quality, and democracy) ▪ HTG (How To Get it) variables, that is, variables posited to promote the development of QoG (such as electoral rules, forms of government, federalism, legal & colonial origin, religion and social fractionalization); and ▪ WYG (What You Get) variables, that is, variables pertaining to some of the posited consequences of QoG (such as economic and human development, international and domestic peace, environmental sustainability, gender equality, and satisfied, trusting and confident citizens). Our classification of the variables into these three categories should be seen as heuristic, as the more exact causal ordering of one‟s variables obviously depends on the research question. On the following page the variables are arranged according to category (HTG/WII/WYG). Due to spatial issues the original source is not listed for each variable to find the source and to find a description of the variable please consult the table of contents starting on page 3. Also in addition to the variables listed on the next page there are some functional variables such as year or country which are left out from the list but are included elsewhere in the codebook. 9 VARIABLE OVERVIEW WII (What it is) bdm_s (Selectorate size) bdm_w (Win. Coalition size) bdm_w_s (bdm_w/bdm_s) ciri_assn (Free. of assembly) ciri_disap (Disappearances) ciri_kill (Extra judiciary killings) ciri_move_old (Free move.) ciri_empinx_old (Rights) ciri_dommov (Free movement) ciri_physint (Phys. integrity) ciri_polpris (Pol. Prisoners) ciri_tort (Torture) cam_contest (Contestation) cam_inclusive (Inclusiveness) fh_cl (Civil liberties) fh_pr (Political rights) fh_status (Freedom H. status) fh_fog (Functioning of Gov.) fh_press (Press freedom) fh_polity2 (Democracy) fh_ipolity2 (Democracy) gd_ptss (Pol. Terror scale) iag_iag (African Governance) iag_rltc (Rule of Law) icrg_qog (Quality of Gov.) p_polity2 (Democracy) p_durable (Regime change) p_fragment (Polity fragment.) p_sf (State failure) ti_cpi (Corruption) van_part (Pol. participation) wbgi_vae (Pol. freedom) wbgi_pse (Pol. Stability) wbgi_gee (Gov. effectiveness) wbgi_rqe (Regulatory Quality) wbgi_rle (Rule of Law) wbgi_cce(Corruption) HTG (How to get it) ajr_settmort (Settler mortality) ar_li_cbi (Central bank indep.) bl_asyf25 (ibid. Female) bl_asym25 (ibid. Male) bl_asyt25 (Mean schooling tot) dr_ig (Globalization) fi_clindex (Economic freedom) gol_est2 (Electoral sys.) ht_regtype (Regime type) ht_partsz (Seat´s/largest party) ht_region (World region) ht_colonial (Colonial origin) h_polcon3 (Veto players) h_j (Independent Judiciary) hf_efiscore (Economic freedo.) hf_trade (Trade freedom) hf_govt (Gov. Econ. Activity) hf_prights (Property rights) hf_labor (Labour freedom) pwt_rgdpch (GDP/capita) pwt_csg (Consumption) pwt_gsg (Gov. Share of GDP) pwt_isg (Investment of GDP) pwt_openk (Trade /GDP) ipu_w_lower (♀ / low.chamb.) ipu_w_upper (♀ / upp.chamb.) iaep_evp (Executive veto pow.) iaep_lvp (Legislature vetopow.) iaep_bp (Banned parties) iaep_npa (No parties allowed) iaep_osp (State party?) jw_domr (Dom./pop. tier) lp_legor (Legal origin) lp_lat_abst (Latitude) lp_catho80 (Catholic/pop) lp_muslim80 (Muslim/pop) lp_protmg80 (Protestant/pop) lp_no_cpm80 (Other rel./pop) mad_pop (Population/1000) m_femlead (♀-state leader?) m_wominpar (♀/parliament) no_pm (Monarchy?) no_pr (Parliamentary rep?) no_rm (Ruling monarchy?) no_ms (Military state?) no_ndel (Elected legislature?) no_pes (Proportional sys.?) no_ces (Mixed electoral sys?) no_mes (Majoritarian sys?) no_ufs (Unitary/federal state?) r_elf85 (Etno-Ling Fractionaliz.) uw_gini (Mean Gini) wdi_gdp (GDP, PPP) wdi_gdpc (GDP/capita) wdi_ttr (Total trade/GDP) wdi_aid (Development ass.) wdi_area (Area) wdi_fe (Fuel export) wdi_oame (Ore & Metal exp.) wdi_me (Merchandise export) WYG (What you get) bdm_hobbes (State of Nature) fao_fpic (Fish production inla.) fao_fpmc (Fish prod. marine) ffp_fsi (Failed state index) ihme_nm (Neonatal mortality) ihme_fmort (Mort
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