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Argumentative Research Essay

For this assignment, the student will create an original argumentative essay about the book that they have selected and read.

Purpose: To prove that the book is an important piece of American Literature by explaining its greater purpose in American society as an agent of change or greater understanding


Formatting:MLA

Sources:At least 5 scholarly sources in addition to the book are required.

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EFFECTS OF A DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY SUMMARY OF THE WORK Long Day’s Journey into the Night is a descriptive play about a dysfunctional family in the year 1912 August in Connecticut. This story is a rough depiction of the author’s family history. The main characters in the play are James Tyrone and Mary who are the parents of two middle-aged men Edmund, the eldest son and Jamie. In the novel, Mary who is a long time addict finally returns home from treatment. Mary has been a morphine addict since the birth of his first son Edmund deteriorating her health. This state is clear from her weak, sickly appearance. The state of her marriage with Tyron doesn't seem to help either due to their financial hardships and his somewhat stingy behavior. Edmund had been coughing violently for a while. everyone suspected it was tuberculosis. Even though the disease was curable at that time, this would mean that he would go to the sanitarium which was way out of their budget. Mary is defensive of her insomnia and addictive behavior when asked about it not admitting that she is still taking the morphine. (Gray, Leigh, P.155) Mary has also been faced with several tragedies since she spent her youth at a convent planning to be a nun. She lost her father to tuberculosis and feels miserable for getting married to Tyrone. Tyrone, Jamie and, Edmund are alcoholics. Mary "bribes" and convinces Cathleen into taking her to the store to get her alleged prescribed dosage of morphine. Later on, she engages her in a conversation about her childhood. Upon James and Edmund's returning, the two converse about Mary's odd behavior induced by her morphine intake. This observation drives both of them away. Later on, Edmund finds Tyrone home playing solitaire. They converse and argue about their dreams and pasts. Jamie then comes home drunk and gets a blow from Edmund for mouthing off their mother. He also admits that he has not been the best son or brother due to his jealousy and that he presents his own life. Edmund later gives him another blow for taking a crack at his mother who was carrying her wedding dress oblivious of the people watching her confessing that her marriage to Tyrone James was happy for a time. (Orchs, L) INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR The author of the title Long Day's Journey into Night Eugene Gladstone O'Neill is of American origin born in New York and has had a successful career as a writer of playwrights and many novels. His early childhood is described as lonely since he spent most of it in hotel rooms, trains and, backstage. He blamed his father for his rough upbringing and, his mother wasn't of much help since she was struggling with addiction. Writing to him was hereditary following his father's brief writing career. Vividly evident in his plays, is a struggle with religion and understanding of God especially because his mother was a devoted Irish Catholic. From his 7th to 13th age, he attended a Catholic boarding school followed by four years preparatory school which provided him with the opportunity to join Princeton University for a year before being expelled. His urge to make ends meet forced him to do odd jobs. Towards the end of the year 1912, O'Neill fell ill with tuberculosis. In 1913, he began writing plays one being Bound East for Cardiff which put him on the map. He was admitted into Harvard University but left a year after. In 1916, his only merited play was finally produced and even given on Broadway winning him his first award which was highly appraised by critics making it a stepping stone that propelled him to greater heights in his writing career earning him much more significant medal including the Nobel prize in literature 1936. He spent the remaining part of his life writing and finally died in Boston in 1953. HISTORICAL CONTEXT The time that the story is based was a disastrous period because this was when the Titanic ship sank claiming more than one thousand five hundred lives. Captain Robert Scott’s expedition went south. End October the same year, the vice president of the United States of America James Sherman died in office days before the year’s presidential elections. These are but a few devastating events that took place in the year 1912 but omitted by O’Neill just because he wanted to concentrate on his family issue only mentioning the tuberculosis epidemic which severely affected his health. DYSFUNCTIONALITY OF THE FAMILY This playwright brings light to many underlying issues that are avoided in topical discussions about our society including drug abuse and addiction. This is evident from Mary's rollercoaster with morphine. She goes in and out of different rehabilitation and treatment sanitariums time and again but to no avail. Mary explains that she was addicted to the drug since the birth of her second child Edmund and for the better part of life. This use tremendously affects her health and consequently cripples her ability to raise her children and take care of her household as her responsibility pertains. The reason why Mary has failed to tend to her family is the adverse effects of morphine which are insomnia which is triggered by her husband's loud snoring, anxious and restless especially as they awaited Edmund's tuberculosis results remembering the death of her father caused by the same. Mary also lost weight and, all these forced her to relapse. (Murphy, Brenda, P.162) Alcoholism is extensively highlighted. Tyrone spent most of his time drowning his sorrows in alcohol. He regretted his acting career which drove him brokenness and loss of skill since he acted a specific role for an extended period. The outcome of continuous regret was misery which made alcohol his perfect ally. Both Edmund and Jamie followed in their father's footsteps by drinking as often as they could to the extent of watering down Tyrone’s whiskey. (Gray, Leigh, P .157).This consumption was an added expense to the money they barely had. It was irresponsible of Tyrone to follow this line of thinking as a parent. Instead of being a positive influence for his sons to look up to, he was on the contrary when he and Edmund were drinking together which led to some misunderstandings and a minor fight between the two. He ushered them into alcoholism. This poor judgment was a visible result of excessive drinking. In my opinion, this story sheds light to the contribution of drug abuse to the moral decay of the society. First and foremost, Tyrone as the head of the family is expected to take control of the state of his family by sobering up to support his wife's recovery from her addiction, which would result to a common ground during the decision making on matters affecting the household. The entire family would be healthy, peaceful and financially stable. Poor parenting is also a pressing issue in Tyrone's house. Tyrone and Mary are irresponsible parents from the fore mentioned drug abuse and inadequate care of their children. The author tells us that Tyrone's stingy nature made him assume parental responsibility during his wife's labor experience during Edmund's birth. He also pays the cheapest doctor possible to check his son's prolonged cough to know its probable cause though it is assumed to be tuberculosis. Mary is seen engaging in a heated argument with his son Jamie about her addiction and relapse state. When Mary became agitated loses control over the situation, Jamie abuses her and storms off. Also, her morphine addiction makes her oblivious of her son's illness. She has to hear about the case from Jamie. Jamie and his father cannot resist fighting. There is a lot of bitterness and blame between them. Jamie blames his father for his brokenness and his mother’s morphine addiction while Tyron blames his son for being a socialist. (Dowling, M, P. 162) Jamie and Edmund are comfortable addressing their parent's rudely, confronting them, fighting and abusing them due to the negligence of their parents. The absence of Mary during their growth and early life also triggered the feeling of being neglected as children making them distant from their mother. Distance is illustrated when Edmund is not comfortable talking about his health state. In addition to that, the parents are reluctant to correct their children. Sibling rivalry and misunderstandings are evident when Jamie insists on telling his mum about Edmund's illness even though she didn't consent of that. Also, Jamie comes home late drunk from the brothels and starts insulting Mary. Edmund gets agitated and hits his brother with a blow. He later does it again when their mother is descending the stairs with her wedding gown oblivious of this act. The writer effortlessly shows poverty. Jamie calls his father “old Gaspard” because the father is a miser. He bargains everything and anything. He even bargains when it comes to trivial matters like his son's heath he'd rather juggle to find the cheapest alternative than to get the best health care for his son. After Mary was in labor, she experienced a vast amount of pain. The doctor recommended that Tyrone pays for her treatment, but it wasn't his concern because this would mean extra funds. ( Dowling, M, P.161) COUNTERARGUMENT The aforementioned behavior is collective in society due to the poor upbringing of children and marital disagreements. This mainly caused by the presence or absence of a parent in the life of their child and how involved they are in their lives. Also, the participation of the parent in the day to day activities of the child. Research has shown that most children take up what they see and often follow the example of the parent. Which therefore determines how the children grow up to be as clearly illustrated by the example of Tyrone drinking and causing chaos in the presence of Jamie and Edmund. In my opinion, it is clear that parent involvement in the growth of a child affects how they will grow and how they will behave. If only Mary were available and there for his sons, they wouldn't have been bitter. Neither would they have been distant with her. CONCLUSION In conclusion, it is evident that disagreements in a family have very severe consequences to all the members of the family. In the text, Mary was an addict due to her unhappy marriage, Tyrone was an alcohol addict due to his miserable state at work while Jamie and Edmund had disagreements due to taking sides of parental favor and also neglect from the parents. Thus these vital issues as well brought out should be the first to be addressed by the society to bring up good, happy, healthy, discipline and mentally stable children. REFERENCES Gray, Jaime Leigh. "Long Day's Journey Into Night by Jeanie Hackett." Eugene O'Neill Review 38.1 (2017): 156-159. Dowling, Robert M. "Long Day's Journey Into Night by Derron Wood." Eugene O'Neill Review 38.1 (2017): 160-164. Ochs, Vanessa L. Words on Fire: One Woman's Journey Into the Sacred. Routledge, 2018. Murphy, Brenda. "Women Possessed: A Life of Eugene O'Neill by Arthur and Barbara Gelb." Eugene O'Neill Review 38.1 (2017): 142-145. Hill, Ernestine. The Great Australian Loneliness: A Classic Journey around and across Australia. ETT Imprint, 2018.
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Surname 1

Name
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Long Day’s Journey into the Night
Introduction
Long Day’s Journey into the Night is a descriptive play about a dysfunctional family in
the year 1912 August in Connecticut. This story is a rough depiction of the author’s family
history. The main characters in the play are James Tyrone and Mary who are the parents of two
middle-aged men Edmund, the eldest son and Jamie. In the novel, Mary who is a long time
addict finally returns home from treatment. Mary has been a morphine addict since the birth of
his first son Edmund deteriorating her health. The state of her marriage with Tyron doesn't seem
to help either due to their financial hardships and his somewhat stingy behavior. Long Day’s
Journey is an American literary text that is of great importance in the greater understanding of
drug addiction and the effects it has on the family and society as well as the events that took
place in 1912.
Discussion
The family structures in America are evolving from the traditional nuclear family to more
complex families that include multigenerational and extended families. The effects of drug abuse
have its toll on all family members at the financial, psychological and physical level (Lander,

Surname 2
Hawsare, Bryne). At the individual level, there is the loss of dreams and ambitions. As seen in
the text, Edmund finds Tyrone home playing solitaire (O’Neill 109). They converse and argue
about their dreams and pasts. Jamie then comes home drunk and gets a blow from Edmund for
mouthing off their mother. He also admits that he has not been the best son or brother due to his
jealousy and that he presents his own life. Edmund later gives him another blow for taking a
crack at his mother who was carrying her wedding dress oblivious of the people watching her
confessing that her marriage to Tyrone James was happy for a time.
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