PRO600 Williams Workforce Composition Quantitative Analysis

User Generated

EvpuvrEvpu28

Mathematics

PRO600

Description

you will use mathematical operations and data analysis to solve problems and inform decision making. Your final assignment will be the creation of a comprehensive Excel workbook with supporting charts and graphs and a short analysis of the data. 

This project will enable you to refresh and refine your skills in math and statistics before you tackle a real-world data set using Excel to analyze and display the data. 

Quantitative reasoning uses a process similar to the qualitative research process in that you will first identify an issue or problem and then use mathematical formulas or an analytic tool to derive a solution. You will construct graphs, charts, and tables to display data and inform analysis and interpretation. You will evaluate the results of the information, draw analyses and validate them by applying them to the issue or problem.

This project will enable you to see the connection between data and how the use of quantitative analysis of that data informs solutions to practical problems with potential impact on your organization or industry. 

There are 10 steps that lead you through this project. Each step should take about two hours to complete. Begin by watching the video above, which introduces the project as it might occur in the workplace, then continue with Step 1: Refresh Your Math, Statistics, and Excel Skills.   

When you submit your project, your work will be evaluated using the competencies listed below. You can use the list below to self-check your work before submission.

  • 1.1: Organize document or presentation clearly in a manner that promotes understanding and meets the requirements of the assignment.
  • 1.2: Develop coherent paragraphs or points so that each is internally unified and so that each functions as part of the whole document or presentation.
  • 1.4: Tailor communications to the audience.
  • 1.5: Use sentence structure appropriate to the task, message and audience.
  • 1.6: Follow conventions of Standard Written English.
  • 3.1: Identify numerical or mathematical information that is relevant in a problem or situation.
  • 3.2: Employ mathematical or statistical operations and data analysis techniques to arrive at a correct or optimal solution.
  • 3.3: Analyze mathematical or statistical information, or the results of quantitative inquiry and manipulation of data.
  • 3.4: Employ software applications and analytic tools to analyze, visualize, and present data to inform decision-making.

Unformatted Attachment Preview

Set Up Your Spreadsheet 1. Open the spreadsheet. 2. Save as and re-name it: LASTNAME_Workforce_Composition_Analysis_Semester_Year 3. Format the spreadsheet for Landscape with Narrow Margins. 4. Enter your name, date, and page number in the Footer area of the sheet. 5. Format the entire spreadsheet for Calibri 11 font. 6. The gray box at the top of the spreadsheet indicates what cell formatting to use for each column. Format columns accordingly. Note: There are three sections to the spreadsheet on the Data tab, separated by gray bands where you will work: Section 1: Data, Section 2: Summary Tables, and Section 3: Descriptive Statistics. Used with permission from Microsoft. Apply Quantitative Reasoning Now that you have completed your analysis, think about the patterns you’ve seen in the workforce and how you can connect the formulas you've used with what you produced. Answer these questions with short answers. 1. From the created histogram, it appears that a large share of employees have a salary between $31,000—$40,000 or $51,000—$60,000. This may indicate reasonable promotion rate for new employees. Is this distribution unimodal or bimodal? Explain. 2. The line chart, as detailed in your "Graph Charts" Excel spreadsheet, shows sales increasing over the years, after an initial few rocky years from 1999 to 2002. Assuming that the sales are linear, use the Forecast tool to find projected sales for 2019 and 2020. Hint: An easy way to do this is to highlight the sales from the data page and apply the Forecast tool to this data. Your output will be a chart and a new sheet with projected sales for average, upper, and lower range growth. 3. The standard deviation provides insight into the distribution of values around the mean. If the standard deviation is small, the more narrow the range will be between the lowest and highest value. That is, values will cluster close to the mean. From your descriptive statistics, describe your standard deviations. What does this tell you about the variables? 4. The company has a keen interest in the educational, race, and gender makeup of its workforce. Its emphasis is on a diverse, dynamic workforce. From your "Graph Charts" spreadsheet, describe your pie chart findings for these characteristics of the workforce. Describe how you would determine if the company was meeting expectations on these characteristics. 5. The company is conducting an analysis on how many positions to create to keep up with demand. Specifically, it wants to know an estimate of the number of positions per job title. From your Excel chart, identify the mode of the job title distribution. Describe your findings. Final essay: Final essay: Now that you have done all the work with data, write a short three- to four-paragraph summary of your analysis. This is important. While you have done a wonderful job with your analysis, you can never assume that the end user will be able to interpret the data the way it should be understood. Supporting narrative is helpful. Never simply provide a "raw data" dump. Instead, seek to provide information! a. Write a one-paragraph narrative summary of your findings, describing patterns of interest. b. Provide an explanation of the potential relevance of such patterns. c. Provide a description of how you would investigate further to determine if your results are "good or bad" for the company. Prepare your responses in this workbook. Once you have entered your answers here, move the tab to the first tab position. Workforce Profile Analysis Section 1: Complete all Columns in Data Set Format for: Number Emp # 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1014 1015 1016 1018 1018 1019 1024 1036 1038 1043 1048 1049 1053 1053 1055 1055 1055 1056 Date mm/dd/yy Hire Date 03/15/99 12/15/99 09/07/12 06/13/12 10/25/08 08/05/06 06/03/09 07/08/13 09/23/08 01/15/11 05/03/12 05/21/07 08/17/11 09/25/00 08/21/12 06/18/09 09/19/13 02/23/04 05/31/13 09/08/09 06/15/01 06/04/01 9/30/2001 05/06/07 Text Role CEO Design Sr Mach Machine Machine Machine IT Staff Invent Machine Acctg/Fin Machine Machine Machine Machine IT Staff Gen Shop Shipping IT Staff Machine Machine Controller Machine Machine Machine Currency Currency General Number Salary $200,210 $79,723 $66,750 $31,924 $42,687 $50,307 $87,818 $31,250 $42,719 $42,836 $32,157 $48,317 $33,005 $57,822 $65,451 $26,168 $31,655 $88,421 $30,241 $35,293 $99,836 $56,663 $57,385 $48,059 Year Ending Vested Yr 12/31/2014 10 Hrly Rate Yrs of Svc Ed 19 16 12 12 14 14 16 14 12 16 12 12 12 16 16 12 12 19 12 12 19 16 16 12 Number General Number Number Number Text Age 56 45 29 24 35 41 40 26 35 32 24 38 26 51 32 27 20 41 20 30 45 50 50 38 Vested Race 3 3 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 Gender 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Status 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 State PA PA IL NE PA IL IL PA NE PA NE NE IL NE PA IL IL PA PA IL PA PA IL IL 1059 1061 1062 1062 1069 1070 1071 1071 1075 1079 1083 1083 1084 1088 1096 1097 1098 1101 1102 1104 1105 1106 1108 1109 1113 1113 1116 1116 1117 1117 1128 1130 1132 1133 02/14/12 02/02/09 03/04/13 07/08/09 02/03/11 08/21/09 01/09/05 08/08/05 01/14/10 10/15/03 08/27/09 4/30/2000 03/15/99 10/03/11 03/06/06 08/14/05 01/13/14 06/08/02 04/08/00 02/01/05 09/06/12 5/9/2002 06/15/07 02/22/07 05/02/12 09/08/00 12/30/08 04/05/00 05/27/09 08/15/12 06/07/10 03/15/99 07/10/09 02/12/09 Acctg/Fin Machine Acctg/Fin Flr Supr Engineering Machine Engineering Engineering Machine Invent Machine Machine Sales Sr Flr Mgr Machine Machine Engineering Invent IT Staff Machine Invent Machine Gen Shop Machine Machine Sr Mach Machine Quality Gen Shop Machine Flr Supr Machine Machine Sales $46,589 $39,931 $32,238 $72,803 $79,938 $35,498 $86,238 $87,019 $34,317 $51,459 $35,396 $58,771 $85,671 $83,974 $50,502 $50,571 $62,245 $55,994 $88,900 $52,450 $32,633 $55,744 $27,403 $49,201 $32,124 $81,695 $42,235 $81,526 $26,360 $31,262 $74,104 $59,438 $35,822 $73,337 16 12 16 14 16 12 19 19 12 16 12 14 19 16 12 12 16 16 19 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 12 16 12 12 16 16 12 19 33 34 28 35 35 31 41 51 28 31 31 52 62 35 42 43 25 31 48 44 28 48 29 39 24 50 34 52 27 22 35 53 32 58 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 NE NE IL PA IL NE NE IL NE PA PA IL PA NE NE PA PA NE PA NE NE IL IL NE PA PA IL PA PA IL NE PA PA PA 1136 1138 1138 1140 1141 1142 1145 1145 1145 1150 1153 1156 1167 1169 1175 1180 1185 1186 1188 1189 1190 1190 1196 1198 1201 1202 1210 1215 1216 1218 1220 1220 1224 1226 12/14/11 10/18/10 4/12/2008 07/10/09 06/18/09 06/17/09 02/16/09 11/05/09 09/15/04 04/26/13 02/05/12 05/21/11 11/15/11 01/22/09 09/25/02 01/24/05 04/16/09 08/14/05 05/16/09 02/12/10 5/9/2002 8/31/1999 09/08/09 09/17/10 08/01/08 03/15/99 09/10/06 05/06/07 07/12/06 07/23/09 10/16/02 04/15/00 09/23/13 06/02/07 Machine Gen Shop Machine Machine Gen Shop Machine Gen Shop Machine Machine Machine Sr Mach Machine Machine Machine Machine Machine Machine Machine Engineering Sales Machine Machine Machine Gen Shop Machine Acctg/Fin Machine Engineering Shipping Design Machine Sr Mach Engineering Gen Shop $32,523 $24,017 $44,204 $35,934 $25,999 $36,901 $25,131 $34,680 $53,327 $30,808 $66,843 $33,395 $32,766 $40,871 $54,886 $52,469 $37,914 $50,636 $83,198 $70,520 $55,716 $59,147 $35,327 $23,484 $43,003 $85,123 $50,133 $86,673 $52,654 $64,504 $54,368 $83,377 $70,886 $27,435 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 12 12 12 19 16 12 14 12 12 12 16 12 19 14 16 12 14 16 12 24 24 35 32 24 32 24 29 45 21 30 26 24 34 48 45 33 43 38 40 48 53 30 22 35 48 40 43 40 34 48 55 30 29 1 4 4 2 3 1 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 3 1 3 3 3 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 IL PA PA IL IL PA IL NE IL IL IL IL PA PA NE NE PA NE IL PA IL IL IL PA IL PA NE PA PA PA NE IL PA IL 1227 1227 1232 1233 1237 1246 1248 1254 1255 1257 1257 1258 1261 1261 1265 1265 1267 1269 1272 1276 1279 1280 1285 1288 1289 1289 1292 1295 1296 1296 1296 1297 1299 1300 05/03/00 04/25/06 07/12/10 05/31/13 08/08/07 07/27/00 07/25/09 02/02/09 03/14/09 08/09/09 03/11/10 07/09/03 04/13/13 06/02/09 03/04/13 07/08/11 2/5/2008 03/14/07 09/18/10 05/04/11 10/20/07 08/11/14 04/04/11 03/25/10 09/05/11 10/22/06 05/13/01 07/08/12 05/05/00 09/15/10 09/23/11 06/06/05 04/08/09 07/10/09 Invent Machine Shipping Machine Machine Sr Mach Gen Shop Machine Gen Shop Engineering Machine Sr Mach Machine Sr Mach Acctg/Fin Engineering Machine Design IT Mgr IT Staff Machine Acctg/Fin Advertg Sales Gen Shop Machine Machine Purch Gen Shop Invent Quality Sr Mach Shp Mgr Engineering $65,234 $50,320 $37,456 $30,577 $46,904 $82,315 $26,156 $39,755 $26,621 $85,463 $34,232 $70,234 $30,165 $68,014 $29,632 $85,825 $44,747 $76,577 $100,515 $65,469 $46,057 $29,442 $53,064 $70,708 $17,943 $50,078 $56,815 $45,670 $28,901 $52,765 $53,487 $69,628 $85,286 $80,637 14 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 19 12 12 12 12 16 19 12 16 19 16 12 16 16 16 12 12 14 12 14 12 16 12 16 16 45 41 28 21 38 54 25 34 27 38 28 46 20 33 24 40 35 39 52 32 37 22 26 41 19 40 50 30 36 29 34 41 47 36 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 IL PA IL NE IL IL NE PA PA NE PA NE IL IL NE NE IL NE PA NE NE PA NE NE NE IL PA NE PA IL NE IL PA PA 1300 1308 1308 1308 1314 1315 1315 1317 1320 1320 1320 1323 1325 1329 1332 1339 1341 1343 1343 1346 1350 1356 1357 1357 1364 1364 1373 1373 1378 1379 1381 1387 1387 1387 06/17/09 04/03/10 06/30/01 4/30/2000 1/22/2008 02/15/07 02/07/08 08/12/08 06/18/09 09/01/12 05/07/11 02/05/05 03/15/99 09/20/09 04/12/11 05/01/12 03/07/04 04/15/10 12/18/07 06/12/10 06/21/12 09/19/10 03/15/99 04/08/05 3/16/2008 04/20/05 04/08/09 06/25/07 07/09/10 06/09/07 10/23/10 07/14/09 12/18/07 07/23/05 Machine Engineering IT Staff Machine Machine Machine Sr Mach Sr Mach Gen Shop Machine Sr Mach Machine Sr Mach Gen Shop Shipping Machine Gen Shop Gen Shop Machine Sr Mach Admin Sr Sales Mgr Advertg COO Machine Machine Machine Machine Machine Mrktg Sales Gen Shop Machine Machine $36,882 $75,261 $88,698 $58,742 $44,765 $49,672 $68,913 $68,677 $26,351 $31,170 $67,380 $52,235 $83,413 $26,020 $36,789 $31,992 $28,325 $21,897 $44,860 $67,679 $21,387 $84,068 $99,741 $105,779 $44,576 $51,431 $38,873 $47,648 $33,968 $81,191 $72,181 $26,163 $45,130 $50,914 12 16 19 14 12 12 12 12 14 12 12 12 14 14 12 12 14 12 12 12 12 16 16 19 12 12 12 12 12 16 16 12 12 12 32 31 43 51 35 39 34 35 27 22 31 44 57 25 24 24 32 22 36 31 23 48 52 39 35 44 33 38 28 36 52 26 36 43 3 3 2 3 1 3 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 PA NE IL NE IL IL PA PA IL PA NE IL PA PA PA NE PA IL IL PA NE NE PA PA PA IL PA PA PA NE IL NE IL IL 1391 1393 1394 1400 1402 1403 1404 1405 1411 1417 1418 1422 1422 1424 1424 1424 1424 1426 1429 1432 1434 1442 1443 1444 1444 1445 1446 1447 1447 1448 1450 1452 1456 1456 05/30/09 2/3/2001 04/30/00 06/16/05 08/17/11 12/01/10 10/15/11 08/13/07 03/05/09 04/15/07 07/04/11 05/30/09 09/08/13 03/15/99 01/14/10 02/15/13 03/15/99 10/20/07 06/30/10 10/15/09 01/21/07 01/08/12 09/12/06 06/15/02 08/02/11 08/08/10 12/15/05 10/18/10 09/05/12 05/03/11 01/22/09 11/06/06 06/25/07 05/07/04 Machine Machine Machine Design Machine Sales Gen Shop Gen Shop Design Sr Mach Quality Machine Sales Flr Supr Machine Sales Sr Mach Machine Sr Mach Design Machine Admin Sr Mach Mrktg Sales Machine Gen Shop Gen Shop Sales Admin Machine Machine Machine Sr Mach $37,084 $57,643 $58,640 $80,483 $32,812 $71,265 $18,097 $28,537 $61,333 $69,102 $53,981 $36,918 $52,485 $75,737 $34,512 $55,460 $84,505 $45,934 $67,692 $71,204 $49,797 $22,415 $69,372 $81,221 $64,415 $33,808 $27,574 $23,971 $63,836 $25,456 $40,705 $49,838 $47,522 $69,997 12 12 16 16 12 16 14 14 16 12 16 12 16 14 12 16 14 12 12 16 12 12 12 16 16 12 14 12 16 14 12 12 12 12 32 51 51 46 26 42 19 34 30 34 36 32 25 45 29 32 59 37 32 38 39 25 40 42 34 28 30 23 32 31 34 39 38 41 3 3 1 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 2 1 3 3 3 3 4 1 3 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 NE NE IL NE IL IL PA IL NE PA IL IL NE PA NE PA PA IL IL PA NE IL PA IL IL NE PA PA NE PA NE IL NE PA 1461 1466 1466 1468 1471 1474 1476 1477 1477 1481 1484 1492 1496 1498 1498 1504 1504 1505 1506 1507 1513 1515 1517 1519 1519 1523 1525 1527 1529 1531 1533 1539 1541 1543 10/12/10 03/19/09 05/04/12 7/21/2001 07/10/09 03/25/09 05/23/11 03/15/03 01/15/12 09/06/03 03/04/09 10/25/2001 05/07/13 02/22/11 08/04/13 03/14/05 04/30/10 12/06/10 06/27/04 04/15/14 08/14/03 05/01/00 11/12/12 06/04/11 02/15/13 05/21/11 05/09/05 03/15/99 10/16/11 04/07/13 12/28/07 12/15/12 04/09/07 10/06/09 Advertg Machine Sales Machine Machine Machine Purch Purch Shipping Machine Shipping Machine Shipping Machine Sr Mach Machine Shipping Machine IT Staff Gen Shop Machine Acctg/Fin Engineering Design Machine Acctg/Fin Gen Shop Machine Machine Design Machine Gen Shop Sr Mach Machine $53,215 $39,634 $64,329 $56,291 $36,729 $39,331 $48,560 $63,388 $33,169 $54,158 $45,622 $55,936 $31,035 $33,574 $65,283 $52,104 $38,455 $33,609 $88,517 $15,182 $54,358 $66,230 $62,572 $63,010 $29,819 $50,767 $27,633 $59,872 $32,797 $62,412 $45,283 $18,102 $69,128 $35,002 16 12 16 12 12 12 14 16 12 12 14 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 19 12 12 16 16 16 12 16 12 12 12 16 12 14 12 12 28 34 33 50 32 34 32 44 23 47 35 49 19 27 28 44 28 28 43 18 47 36 26 33 19 35 30 54 24 32 36 21 36 30 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 1 3 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 IL NE IL NE PA NE IL PA PA NE PA IL NE IL NE PA PA IL NE IL PA NE IL IL NE IL NE PA NE PA PA IL IL IL 1550 1550 1552 1553 1553 1554 1554 1556 1557 1558 1560 1565 1568 1568 1569 1571 1575 1579 1580 1584 1588 1589 1591 1593 1596 1597 1598 1608 1608 1609 1611 1612 1613 1616 02/19/14 11/14/08 5/30/1999 04/12/09 10/20/07 10/23/13 10/20/06 03/21/09 07/21/04 01/06/05 05/06/12 03/16/07 08/07/12 02/07/10 04/23/10 04/16/09 02/04/09 01/12/05 09/16/10 03/15/99 8/17/2002 04/15/13 7/12/2008 08/15/08 06/12/09 11/20/11 02/15/13 03/15/99 04/15/09 07/20/11 09/23/07 03/06/11 05/04/12 09/15/09 IT Staff Sr Mach Machine Machine Machine Engineering Machine Gen Shop Machine Machine Gen Shop Machine Shipping Sr Mach Quality Machine Machine Machine Gen Shop Machine Machine Design Machine Shipping CFO Flr Supr Machine Flr Supr Sales Machine Machine Shipping Machine Advertg $55,067 $68,317 $59,316 $38,398 $46,097 $62,458 $50,082 $26,466 $53,537 $52,946 $18,270 $48,712 $32,960 $67,771 $55,254 $37,917 $40,629 $52,580 $23,342 $60,239 $55,566 $51,233 $43,213 $47,891 $131,276 $70,293 $29,661 $75,375 $73,258 $33,266 $46,378 $37,800 $32,496 $65,027 16 12 14 12 12 16 12 12 12 12 14 12 12 12 16 12 12 12 12 16 12 16 12 12 19 16 12 16 19 12 12 12 12 16 28 33 53 33 38 26 40 27 46 45 21 38 20 32 42 33 34 45 22 54 48 25 35 38 42 34 19 44 53 26 38 25 24 34 1 3 3 1 3 2 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 1 3 4 3 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 IL IL PA NE PA IL NE PA NE PA PA IL IL NE IL PA IL IL PA PA PA IL IL NE PA IL PA IL PA NE PA NE PA PA 1616 1619 1620 1622 1623 1625 1626 1629 1630 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1644 1654 1658 1659 1660 1661 1661 1667 1667 1668 1668 1669 1671 1672 1673 1679 1680 1687 1687 1693 08/09/06 11/3/2007 06/07/13 02/06/12 03/04/12 09/12/09 07/08/12 09/04/11 09/12/08 04/17/09 06/07/11 09/01/07 07/30/12 08/13/07 09/05/11 06/07/11 03/22/10 11/02/06 01/14/10 03/18/13 11/18/11 01/15/08 03/14/05 05/01/00 07/10/09 09/05/11 06/13/12 05/04/08 03/07/13 05/18/09 01/06/13 12/15/05 06/02/04 03/15/99 Engineering Machine Gen Shop Shipping Engineering Purch Gen Shop Shipping Shipping Gen Shop Sales Machine Machine Design Gen Shop Engineering Admin Machine Machine Sales Shipping Engineering Machine Advertg Machine Design Machine Sr Flr Mgr Mrktg Acctg/Fin Design Gen Shop Machine Engineering $86,818 $45,641 $15,248 $33,047 $64,153 $60,346 $19,141 $35,550 $47,650 $25,671 $64,494 $46,787 $31,567 $77,045 $17,598 $79,709 $32,300 $49,925 $34,420 $52,300 $34,456 $86,096 $51,554 $65,089 $35,688 $61,882 $31,809 $96,546 $67,415 $66,109 $51,226 $27,541 $53,784 $93,678 19 12 12 12 16 16 14 12 12 12 16 12 12 16 12 16 16 12 12 16 12 16 12 16 12 16 12 12 16 16 16 14 12 19 48 36 18 21 28 31 21 24 36 24 37 38 23 42 19 35 33 40 28 28 23 40 44 35 32 32 23 38 35 39 24 30 46 54 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 1 3 4 4 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 NE NE NE PA IL IL NE IL IL NE PA IL PA PA PA NE PA NE PA IL NE PA PA IL PA PA IL IL IL PA IL NE IL PA 1709 1723 1723 1726 1733 1736 1736 1737 1741 1744 1744 1744 1745 1748 1749 1750 1750 1754 1756 1756 1757 1760 1760 1764 1767 1770 1771 1773 1774 1776 1776 1779 1779 1782 09/20/05 06/02/12 11/10/2007 03/15/99 09/18/13 09/18/07 04/01/09 03/15/99 03/30/09 06/15/11 08/16/06 11/12/2007 06/10/10 08/25/10 08/14/00 06/22/10 08/13/09 05/06/03 05/13/01 07/01/09 2/16/2002 02/04/11 09/15/12 6/17/2001 05/20/05 03/06/04 03/14/05 06/07/05 10/25/13 11/13/09 03/15/99 09/07/10 06/01/05 03/04/04 Machine Gen Shop Machine Design Flr Supr Gen Shop Machine Invent Machine Eng Mgr Gen Shop Machine Machine Mrktg Sr Mach Gen Shop Machine Sr Mach Machine Sr Flr Mgr Machine Design Machine Machine Machine Engineering Machine Purch Flr Supr Design Machine Machine Machine Machine $50,522 $19,397 $45,495 $81,159 $65,780 $27,221 $39,130 $76,188 $39,191 $110,233 $28,486 $45,317 $34,196 $68,352 $82,777 $21,828 $35,536 $70,507 $56,888 $93,478 $55,840 $60,348 $31,049 $57,530 $51,360 $86,972 $51,899 $60,999 $68,455 $61,441 $60,198 $33,631 $51,084 $53,903 12 14 12 19 16 12 12 16 12 19 12 12 12 16 12 14 12 12 12 16 12 16 12 12 12 16 12 16 16 16 12 12 12 12 43 21 36 56 32 28 33 52 34 45 32 36 28 35 56 22 31 48 50 42 49 28 22 50 44 48 44 42 33 30 54 28 43 46 1 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 4 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 IL PA PA PA PA PA IL PA IL PA NE NE PA PA NE NE IL PA PA PA PA PA IL IL IL NE PA PA NE IL PA NE IL NE 1785 1785 1785 1787 1789 1793 1793 1793 1794 1796 1797 1800 1800 1802 1803 1804 1809 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1819 1820 1821 1822 1824 1829 1830 1831 1835 1836 1840 1841 07/06/06 Engineering 09/21/09 Gen Shop 02/08/10 Shipping 07/21/07 Acctg/Fin 09/23/08 Machine 03/15/99 Design 09/07/07 Shipping 09/08/08 Sr Sales Mgr 01/14/14 Engineering 03/14/10 Sales Mgr 02/08/03 Sr Mach 05/14/09 Machine 03/15/99 Machine 5/31/2008 Machine 09/30/00 Mrktg 08/19/09 Quality 10/16/2001 Machine 04/06/05 Gen Shop 01/15/03 Machine 08/19/11 Sr Sales Mgr 08/17/11 Machine 04/16/09 Machine 10/06/09 Machine 08/06/09 Shipping 09/13/06 Machine 05/02/07 Engineering 04/13/13 Machine 03/01/07 Machine 1/15/2000 Machine 08/16/12 Sr Mach 06/07/13 Sr Mach 08/12/06 Machine 2/16/2000 Machine 06/07/07 Design $86,972 $26,096 $42,456 $66,261 $42,802 $81,077 $50,788 $90,822 $60,323 $101,275 $70,084 $36,918 $59,647 $43,498 $81,282 $64,510 $56,946 $27,781 $53,922 $87,102 $33,244 $37,144 $34,804 $44,236 $50,130 $81,691 $30,089 $48,826 $58,928 $65,938 $65,556 $50,199 $58,792 $79,865 16 14 12 16 12 19 14 19 16 19 12 12 14 12 16 16 12 12 12 16 12 12 12 12 12 16 12 12 14 12 12 12 12 16 50 25 32 45 35 54 40 50 24 43 44 32 54 35 45 46 50 30 47 53 26 33 30 32 40 36 20 39 52 29 29 41 52 45 3 4 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 4 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 IL IL PA IL PA IL IL IL PA PA NE PA PA NE PA PA NE PA IL PA NE NE IL NE PA NE NE PA IL PA NE NE IL PA 1841 1846 1846 1846 1848 1848 1850 1850 08/05/13 04/23/09 03/05/13 08/30/04 12/15/09 06/05/04 11/20/10 08/05/07 Sr Mach Design Engineering Machine Design Gen Shop Gen Shop Invent $65,117 $80,113 $60,324 $53,369 $80,722 $28,344 $24,060 $58,068 12 19 16 12 19 12 12 12 28 46 24 46 52 32 24 30 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 Section 2: Complete Summary Tables for Graphing Roles Key Emp Acctg/Fin Admin Advertg CEO CFO Controller COO Design Engineering Eng Mgr Flr Supr Gen Shop Invent IT Staff IT Mgr Machine Mrktg Purch Quality Race 1 2 3 4 Gender 1 2 # % # % # % African-Am Asian Caucasian Hispanic Male Female Education Level 12 HS 14 AA 16 BA/BS 19 Masters Sales Summary (Provided) Yr Sales 1999 ($527,000) 2000 $1,215,000 2001 ($257,000) 2002 $985,000 2003 $1,274,000 2004 $1,578,000 2005 $2,061,000 2006 $1,987,000 2007 $2,057,000 2008 $2,565,000 2009 $2,467,000 2010 $3,846,000 2011 $3,252,000 2012 $4,226,000 2013 $4,844,000 2014 $4,922,000 2015 $3,702,000 PA PA IL PA PA PA PA IL Sales Sales Mgr Shipping Shp Mgr Sr Flr Mgr Sr Mach Sr Sales Mgr Marital Status 1 Married 2 Single Region Key State Region PA Northeast IL Midwest NE C-Plains # % # % Section 3: Complete Descriptive Statistics Descriptive Statistics Mean Median Mode Std Deviation Variance Kurtosis Skewness Max Min = Range Sum Count Salary Hrly Rate Yrs of Svc Ed Age Frequency Table by Salary Ranges Bin Range/Up per Limit 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 110000 120000 130000 140000 Labels Up to 20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 101-110 111-120 121-130 131-140 Graph on next T 150000 160000 170000 180000 190000 200000 210000 141-150 151-160 161-170 171-180 181-190 191-200 200+ General Region
Purchase answer to see full attachment
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Explanation & Answer

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Response to the questions
The notable decrease in the number of employees having a salary between $41,000 and $50,000 indicates the
existence of a gap in the salary paid to the employees. According to this assumption, the overall salary distribution
would be a bimodal distribution with the modes being of approximately $36,000 and $56,000
According to the forecast analysis carried out, the sales in 2019 will likely range between $4,599,657 and $7,226,237.
The sales in 2020, on the other hand, will range between $4,866,844 and $7,563,655. As observed from these
figures,
the forecasted
maintain
the observed
trend
registered
in the
The
calculated
standardsales
deviations
illustrate
the highincreasing
dispersion
in both
the salary
andhistoric
hourly sales.
rate, as indicated by
the high standard deviation compared to the mean salary and hourly rate. A similar trend is observable in the years
of service of the employees which illustrates how the company would have continually renewed the employee base.
In contrast, the years of education and age of the employees do not show a significant dispersion around the
respective mean values, suggesting that the years of education and age of the employees cluster around the mean
values.
While the company is keen in promoting a diverse workplace that provides the same opportunities to all the
employees, the obtained results seem to suggest that this policy is currently failing. In this sense, the company is
mainly hiring male Caucasian employees as compared to females and other ethnic groups. Besides, the company
hires primarily high school graduates and bachelors. This two distinct education levels may justify the observed
bimodal distribution in the salaries paid to the employees, as the high school graduates will likely earn a lower salary
compared to bachelors since they received a higher level of education.
The company has the highest demand for employees capable of operating the machines, so it would be desirable
that the managers focused on finding new machine employees in the future to meet this demand.
Essay
The requested analysis of the data of the different employees provides a good insight into the characteristics of
these employees. In this sense, the analysis revealed how there is a bimodal distribution of salaries, with two well
distinguished groups of employees. These employees would earn either between $31,000 and $40,000 or between
$51,000 and $60,000. This observed distribution is likely the result from the fact that the company mainly employs
high-school graduates and bachelors, such that the high-school graduates earn a lower salary than the bachelors due
to the lower number of years of education. It is also remarkable that, despite the attempt of the company to offer
similar opportunities to all the employees the data suggest that the company is hiring Caucasian males primarily,
with any other ethnic group or female employees being under-represented in the workforce.
Considering how the company hires two different levels of employees, the observed bimodal distribution is not likely
to have a significant impact on the workforce. Rather, it suggests the possibility of promoting the lower level highschool graduates to higher levels as they gain more experience in the company. The results about the composition of
the company's workforce are however alarming considering how the company seeks to create a diverse workforce.
In this sense, the company would need to consider the possibility of hiring a higher proportion of females and
minority ethnic groups in the future to really reflect a diverse workforce where all the employees have the same
opportunity
of being
hired andto
promoted
in thefurther
company.
Finally,
it would
be interesting
investigating
the company's promotion plan to observe whether the
employees are able of increasing in the hierarchical structure of the company or high-school graduates will always
remain in the low-salary group. This consideration is relevant for the company as the high-school graduates may
have received an appropriate practice and experience by working in the company that the company can exploit
better in higher positions.

Workforce Profile Analysis
Section 1: Complete all Columns in Data Set
Format for:
Number

Emp #
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1014
1015
1016
1018
1018
1019
1024
1036
1038
1043
1048
1049
1053
1053
1055
1055
1055
1056

Date
mm/dd/yy

Hire Date
03/15/99
12/15/99
09/07/12
06/13/12
10/25/08
08/05/06
06/03/09
07/08/13
09/23/08
01/15/11
05/03/12
05/21/07
08/17/11
09/25/00
08/21/12
06/18/09
09/19/13
02/23/04
05/31/13
09/08/09
06/15/01
06/04/01
9/30/2001
05/06/07

Text

Role
CEO
Design
Sr Mach
Machine
Machine
Machine
IT Staff
Invent
Machine
Acctg/Fin
Machine
Machine
Machine
Machine
IT Staff
Gen Shop
Shipping
IT Staff
Machine
Machine
Controller
Machine
Machine
Machine

Currency

Currency

General

Salary
$200,210
$79,723
$66,750
$31,924
$42,687
$50,307
$87,818
$31,250
$42,719
$42,836
$32,157
$48,317
$33,005
$57,822
$65,451
$26,168
$31,655
$88,421
$30,241
$35,293
$99,836
$56,663
$57,385
$48,059

Year Ending
12/31/2014
Hrly Rate Yrs of Svc
$96.25
16
$38.33
15
$32.09
2
$15.35
3
$20.52
6
$24.19
8
$42.22
6
$15.02
1
$20.54
6
$20.59
4
$15.46
3
$23.23
8
$15.87
3
$27.80
14
$31.47
2
$12.58
6
$15.22
1
$42.51
11
$14.54
2
$16.97
5
$48.00
14
$27.24
14
$27.59
13
$23.11
8

Number

Number

General

Number

Number

Number

Vested Yr
10
Ed
19
16
12
12
14
14
16
14
12
16
12
12
12
16
16
12
12
19
12
12
19
16
16
12

Age
56
45
29
24
35
41
40
26
35
32
24
38
26
51
32
27
20
41
20
30
45
50
50
38

Vested
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No

Race
3
3
1
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
1
3

Gender
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1

Status
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1

1059
1061
1062
1062
1069
1070
1071
1071
1075
1079
1083
1083
1084
1088
1096
1097
1098
1101
1102
1104
1105
1106
1108
1109
1113
1113
1116
1116
1117
1117
1128
1130
1132
1133

02/14/12
02/02/09
03/04/13
07/08/09
02/03/11
08/21/09
01/09/05
08/08/05
01/14/10
10/15/03
08/27/09
4/30/2000
03/15/99
10/03/11
03/06/06
08/14/05
01/13/14
06/08/02
04/08/00
02/01/05
09/06/12
5/9/2002
06/15/07
02/22/07
05/02/12
09/08/00
12/30/08
04/05/00
05/27/09
08/15/12
06/07/10
03/15/99
07/10/09
02/12/09

Acctg/Fin
Machine
Acctg/Fin
Flr Supr
Engineering
Machine
Engineering
Engineering
Machine
Invent
Machine
Machine
Sales
Sr Flr Mgr
Machine
Machine
Engineering
Invent
IT Staff
Machine
Invent
Machine
Gen Shop
Machine
Machine
Sr Mach
Machine
Quality
Gen Shop
Machine
Flr Supr
Machine
Machine
Sales

$46,589
$39,931
$32,238
$72,803
$79,938
$35,498
$86,238
$87,019
$34,317
$51,459
$35,396
$58,771
$85,671
$83,974
$50,502
$50,571
$62,245
$55,994
$88,900
$52,450
$32,633
$55,744
$27,403
$49,201
$32,124
$81,695
$42,235
$81,526
$26,360
$31,262
$74,104
$59,438
$35,822
$73,337

$22.40
$19.20
$15.50
$35.00
$38.43
$17.07
$41.46
$41.84
$16.50
$24.74
$17.02
$28.26
$41.19
$40.37
$24.28
$24.31
$29.93
$26.92
$42.74
$25.22
$15.69
$26.80
$13.17
$23.65
$15.44
$39.28
$20.31
$39.20
$12.67
$15.03
$35.63
$28.58
$17.22
$35.26

3
6
2
5
4
5
10
9
5
11
5
15
16
3
9
9
1
13
15
10
2
13
8
8
3
14
6
15
6
2
5
16
5
6

16
12
16
14
16
12
19
19
12
16
12
14
19
16
12
12
16
16
19
12
12
12
12
12
12
14
12
16
12
12
16
16
12
19

33
34
28
35
35
31
41
51
28
31
31
52
62
35
42
43
25
31
48
44
28
48
29
39
24
50
34
52
27
22
35
53
32
58

No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No

3
1
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
4

2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1

1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1

1136
1138
1138
1140
1141
1142
1145
1145
1145
1150
1153
1156
1167
1169
1175
1180
1185
1186
1188
1189
1190
1190
1196
1198
1201
1202
1210
1215
1216
1218
1220
1220
1224
1226

12/14/11
10/18/10
4/12/2008
07/10/09
06/18/09
06/17/09
02/16/09
11/05/09
09/15/04
04/26/13
02/05/12
05/21/11
11/15/11
01/22/09
09/25/02
01/24/05
04/16/09
08/14/05
05/16/09
02/12/10
5/9/2002
8/31/1999
09/08/09
09/17/10
08/01/08
03/15/99
09/10/06
05/06/07
07/12/06
07/23/09
10/16/02
04/15/00
09/23/13
06/02/07

Machine
Gen Shop
Machine
Machine
Gen Shop
Machine
Gen Shop
Machine
Machine
Machine
Sr Mach
Machine
Machine
Machine
Machine
Machine
Machine
Machine
Engineering
Sales
Machine
Machine
Machine
Gen Shop
Machine
Acctg/Fin
Machine
Engineering
Shipping
Design
Machine
Sr Mach
Engineering
Gen Shop

$32,523
$24,017
$44,204
$35,934
$25,999
$36,901
$25,131
$34,680
$53,327
$30,808
$66,843
$33,395
$32,766
$40,871
$54,886
$52,469
$37,914
$50,636
$83,198
$70,520
$55,716
$59,147
$35,327
$23,484
$43,003
$85,123
$50,133
$86,673
$52,654
$64,504
$54,368
$83,377
$70,886
$27,435

$15.64
$11.55
$21.25
$17.28
$12.50
$17.74
$12.08
$16.67
$25.64
$14.81
$32.14
$16.06
$15.75
$19.65
$26.39
$25.23
$18.23
$24.34
$40.00
$33.90
$26.79
$28.44
$16.98
$11.29
$20.67
$40.92
$24.10
$41.67
$25.31
$31.01
$26.14
$40.09
$34.08
$13.19

3
4
7
5
6
6
6
5
10
2
3
4
3
6
12
10
6
9
6
5
13
15
5
4
6
16
8
8
8
5
12
15
1
8

12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
14
12
12
12
19
16
12
14
12
12
12
16
12
19
14
16
12
14
16
12

24
24
35
32
24
32
24
29
45
21
30
26
24
34
48
45
33
43
38
40
48
53
30
22
35
48
40
43
40
34
48
55
30
29

No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No

1
4
4
2
3
1
2
1
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
3
1
3
3
3
2
1
1
3
1
2
1

1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1

2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1

1227
1227
1232
1233
1237
1246
1248
1254
1255
1257
1257
1258
1261
1261
1265
1265
1267
1269
1272
1276
1279
1280
1285
1288
1289
1289
1292
1295
1296
1296
1296
1297
1299
1300

05/03/00
04/25/06
07/12/10
05/31/13
08/08/07
07/27/00
07/25/09
02/02/09
03/14/09
08/09/09
03/11/10
07/09/03
04/13/13
06/02/09
03/04/13
07/08/11
2/5/2008
03/14/07
09/18/10
05/04/11
10/20/07
08/11/14
04/04/11
03/25/10
09/05/11
10/22/06
05/13/01
07/08/12
05/05/00
09/15/10
09/23/11
06/06/05
04/08/09
07/10/09

Invent
Machine
Shipping
Machine
Machine
Sr Mach
Gen Shop
Machine
Gen Shop
Engineering
Machine
Sr Mach
Machine
Sr Mach
Acctg/Fin
Engineering
Machine
Design
IT Mgr
IT Staff
Machine
Acctg/Fin
Advertg
Sales
Gen Shop
Machine
Machine
Purch
Gen Shop
Invent
Quality
Sr Mach
Shp Mgr
Engineering

$65,234
$50,320
$37,456
$30,577
$46,904
$82,315
$26,156
$39,755
$26,621
$85,463
$34,232
$70,234
$30,165
$68,014
$29,632
$85,825
$44,747
$76,577
$100,515
$65,469
$46,057
$29,442
$53,064
$70,708
$17,943
$50,078
$56,815
$45,670
$28,901
$52,765
$53,487
$69,628
$85,286
$80,637

$31.36
$24.19
$18.01
$14.70
$22.55
$39.57
$12.58
$19.11
$12.80
$41.09
$16.46
$33.77
$14.50
$32.70
$14.25
$41.26
$21.51
$36.82
$48.32
$31.48
$22.14
$14.15
$25.51
$33.99
$8.63
$24.08
$27.31
$21.96
$13.89
$25.37
$25.71
$33.48
$41.00
$38.77

15
9
4
2
7
14
5
6
6
5
5
11
2
6
2
3
7
8
4
4
7
0
4
5
3
8
14
2
15
4
3
10
6
5

14
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
19
12
12
12
12
16
19
12
16
19
16
12
16
16
16
12
12
14
12
14
12
16
12
16
16

45
41
28
21
38
54
25
34
27
38
28
46
20
33
24
40
35
39
52
32
37
22
26
41
19
40
50
30
36
29
34
41
47
36

Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No

3
3
3
3
1
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
2
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
3
4
3
3
1
3

1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2

1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1

1300
1308
1308
1308
1314
1315
1315
1317
1320
1320
1320
1323
1325
1329
1332
1339
1341
1343
1343
1346
1350
1356
1357
1357
1364
1364
1373
1373
1378
1379
1381
1387
1387
1387

06/17/09
04/03/10
06/30/01
4/30/2000
1/22/2008
02/15/07
02/07/08
08/12/08
06/18/09
09/01/12
05/07/11
02/05/05
03/15/99
09/20/09
04/12/11
05/01/12
03/07/04
04/15/10
12/18/07
06/12/10
06/21/12
09/...


Anonymous
I was struggling with this subject, and this helped me a ton!

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