A permanent status acquired when a state sponsors terror at any point in time in its history.

A temporary status acquired any time a state employs its military to terrorize its own citizens.

When states engage in terror against civilian non-combatants inside their own country.

When states support groups who use political violence against civilians in a foreign country.

Being a “good Muslim” required the use of violence against nonbelievers

Non-traditional, non-Islamic societies do not facilitate social justice

Society should be modeled after the life of the Prophet Muhammad

The world is divided between the realm of Islam and the realm of ignorance

Commitment to social justice

No universal profile exists

Psychological predispositions

Strong religious devotion

Binary group structures

Centralized group structures

Decentralized group structures

Hybrid group structures

Sanctions apply more effectively when withholding aid then when withholding economic exchange.

Sanctions are generally ineffective if not counterproductive.

Sanctions function best when conducted unilaterally by a powerful country.

Sanctions punish the targeted country without affecting the country imposing them.

NATO’s Comprehensive Approach

UN’s Comprehensive Approach

US Army’s Unified Land Operations

US Military’s COIN Doctrine

They attract historically high public attention.

They have historically high accuracy rates.

They neutralize historically large organizations.

They pose a historically high risk to innocent people.

None, as domestic reforms alone achieved what was required to ensure US national security.

The US built its most prolific partnerships with Middle Eastern governments and their security agencies.

The US secured bilateral and multilateral intelligence and counterterrorism agreements.

The US was able to establish agreements with foreign governments without extensive negotiations.

The CIA

The DHS

The NCTC

The ODNI

The DHS

The DIA

The NGA

The ODNI

Insufficient human intelligence

Lack of information sharing

Lack of information technology

Shortage of linguists

No, because counterterrorism measures are too effective against modern technology

No, terrorists only starting using technology with the advent of the Internet

Yes, although they only use one type of media to ensure a control of their messages

Yes, even though what constitutes the “newest” changes over time

It can allow donors to make donations virtually anonymously.

It can be used to hide large transactions more easily than small ones.

It can filter out information contradicting the organization’s ideology.

It can present media through text, audio, and video.

Legislation will likely address problems with media and terrorism in the US.

Media in the United States is an accomplice to terrorism.

The media plays an important role in disseminating terrorist ideologies.

The media serves no fundamentally useful or positive function.

Conducting attacks

Social activism

The Internet

The media

When public officials provide detailed explanations of counterterrorism measures.

When terrorist leaders engage in negotiations with legitimate political leaders.

When terrorist organizations have the burden of proof to demonstrate their effectiveness.

When the counterterrorism measures involve dramatic military interventions.

The media avoided referring to the US response in terms of war.

The media contributed to the formation of the strategy.

The media criticized the US government’s failure to prevent 9/11.

The media predicted the formation of the strategy.

Non-US media covered the US build up toward Iraq in less critical terms than US media.

Non-US media expressed less faith in the US inspection process than US media.

US media articulated more faith in direct military intervention than non-US media.

US media had less confidence in the warnings from intelligence agencies than non-US media.

Terrorism is increasingly become a means for substantially powerful actors to achieve their goals against less powerful individuals and organizations.

Terrorist organizations are likely to become immune to current counterterrorism methods.

The context of modern technology means that individual actors have a higher risk of being detected by terrorism prevention measures.

The context of modern technology means that individual actors have a lower ability to inflict great harm.

Garner the highest ratings possible when discussing terrorism during media interviews.

Hold the public accountable for achieving or failing to achieve desired security goals.

Refrain from dramatic pronouncements even if they mitigate terrorist activities.

Set the public’s realistic expectations regarding the terrorist threat.