Running Head: WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
1
Week 4 Qualitative Research
Tony Pinedo
Advanced Qualitative Reasoning and Analysis
Step 1
2
WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Introduction
The success of research depends on the researchers' ability to come up with the appropriate research
questions to address the identified issue. According to Kutney-Lee, Stimpfel, Sloane, Cimiotti, Quinn, &
Aiken, (2015), the health care sector requires highly qualified health practitioners with the competence to
identify the issues bothering the community health. The health care sector is faced with the shortage of health
practitioners especially the nurses. Sare & Ogilvie (2010), posit that the number of patients is ever increasing
in thus outmatching the number of nurses. However, it's essential to find the right approaches which can be
applied to address the shortage of nurse practitioners and improve the workability of the available nurses. The
qualitative methods that can be involved in this research include phenomenology and grounded theory.
Research Questions
The research questions that can apply in this research are as follows.
1. What are the strategies that can be applied to improve nurses’ performance despite an
increase in the number of patients?
2. In which ways the health care department can minimize the shortage of nurses and
improve their performance despite an increase in the number of patients?
A Case Why Each Selected Approach Would Work
The grounded theory is used to discover emerging patterns in data. Grounded method guides a
researcher on matters related to data collection and details for data analysis (Laureate Education, 2016). The
grounded way helps a researcher to conceptualize on the patterns surrounding the healthcare sector. It plays a
significant role in comparing the identified phenomenon and other social structures. The approach involves
using the inductive method to generate the substantive code in the data and generate more questions which
help the research to define where he or she will go next. Therefore, the approach will help in identifying the
causes of the nurse shortage in the health care shortage. Further, it will assist in determining the objectives of
3
WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
the decline in the nurses' performance and how the quality can be improved. The ground theory seeks to give a
new explanation of the phenomenon at hand.
The second approach that can be used in this research is phenomenology. Phenomenology helps the
researcher to analyze of exploring the lived experience. Based on the expressed experience, the researcher can
develop questions to guide him or her to come up with the right explanation. In this, scenario, it can be used to
explain the exact causes of the patient's dissatisfaction after being attended by the nurse. The phenomenology
focuses more on invariant structures of experiences. In this position, a researcher suspends the preconceptions
and understands the phenomenon on the angle of the participants. According to Singh, (2009), the suspension
of the preconceived information is known as bracketing.
The Approach That Fits the Highlighted Research Problem
The approach that fits the highlighted research problem is phenomenology approach. Phenomenology
approach focuses on understanding the patients' experience caused by the shortage of nurses. Ideally, a
shortage of nurses has various implications for healthcare service delivery. For instance, some patients can be
misdiagnosed, or not treated properly. On the other hand, the approach will help in identifying the experiences
of nurses with an increasing number of patients. Also, through this approach, I will be able to understand what
can be done to improve nurses’ performance and quality healthcare services to the patients. The question that
fits this approach is as follows.
Rephrased Research Question
This study will use qualitative methods where the researcher will present specific research
question to the participants to help in data collection. The research question that the research will
use is;
•
Do you believe that there are ways that can be implemented to reduce the negative issue
of nurse shortage in the healthcare departments?
How the Phenomenology Will Be Helpful on The Project in The Future
4
WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
The use of quality data collection approaches will help the researcher to collect valid data that will
enable them to conclude about the challenges facing the healthcare organizations as a result of having nurse
shortages. The approach will help in describing the need for having more qualified healthcare personnel in the
healthcare organization. The data will be collected primarily through interviews, questionnaires, observation or
using the secondary materials. Secondly, data analysis will be applied to determine the exact causes of the
nurses' shortage and the impacts of the deficit on service delivery. Lastly, the researcher will analyze the
collected data to come up with strategies that may solve this challenge.
The Best Theoretical Framework That Can Be Applied in Research
Two factors motivational theory is the best theoretical framework that can be used in research.
According to Singh (2009), two factors theory focus on the factors that improve the employee's job
satisfaction. The method describes two elements that have an impact on the employee's performance. Those
factors include satisfaction factors and dissatisfaction factors. The two types of features are known as hygiene
factors. Some of the satisfaction factors that the healthcare sector can embark on to improve the performance
of the nurses in raise salary, offer a good working environment, offer responsibility to the nurses, allow their
advancement, and allow autonomy in their work.
The Data Tools That Will Be Most Appropriate in This Approach
The data tools that will be most appropriate in this approach include interviewing and focus groups.
The unstructured interviews will be conducted. In this form of meetings, the participants will be asked various
questions, and their response will be written. The research will target about 200 nurses from different hospitals
and 500 patients in different regions. The interview will take approximately 5 minutes per participants.
Secondly, the focus groups will be used. The focus group will incorporate various nurses there they will be
asked to discuss the issues related with nurse personnel shortage. Also, the focus group can be used to describe
multiple strategies that can be used to improve the nurses' performance. Also, the discussion will be recorded
carefully.
Conclusion
5
WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
It's important to find the right approaches which can be applied to address the shortage of nurse
practitioners and improve the workability of the available nurses. The phenomenology approach as essential is
construction a theoretical framework regarding the lack of the nurses. The theory can be applied to improve the
performance of the nurses and thus ensuring there is quality healthcare.
References
Kutney-Lee, A., Stimpfel, A. W., Sloane, D. M., Cimiotti, J. P., Quinn, L. W., & Aiken, L. H. (2015). Changes
in patient and nurse outcomes associated with magnet hospital recognition. Medical care, 53(6), 550.
Laureate Education (Producer). (2016). Introduction to SAGE research methods online [Video file]. Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3D- Zh7VoaI&feature=youtu.be
Sare, M., & Ogilvie, L. (2010). Strategic planning for nurses: Change management in health care. Sudbury,
MA: Jones and Bartlett.
Singh, A. (2009). System concepts and long-term care delivery. In Author (Ed.), Effective management of
long-term care facilities. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
6
WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
References
Kutney-Lee, A., Stimpfel, A. W., Sloane, D. M., Cimiotti, J. P., Quinn, L. W., & Aiken, L. H. (2015). Changes
in patient and nurse outcomes associated with magnet hospital recognition. Medical care, 53(6), 550.
Laureate Education (Producer). (2016). Introduction to SAGE research methods online [Video file]. Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3D- Zh7VoaI&feature=youtu.be
Sare, M., & Ogilvie, L. (2010). Strategic planning for nurses: Change management in health care. Sudbury,
MA: Jones and Bartlett.
Singh, A. (2009). System concepts and long-term care delivery. In Author (Ed.), Effective management of
long-term care facilities. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
Running head: DEVELOPING AN INTERVIEW GUIDE
AN INTERVIEW GUIDE
Tony Pinedo
Walden University
Step 2
1
AN INTERVIEW GUIDE
2
Interview Guide
There exists inadequate research on the modalities necessary when looking at the
recruitment process for individuals to be engaged in interviews. Indications show that there
should be empirical research to ensure that people understand some of the pertinent issues such
as how to deal with multicultural settings. However, when looking at the factors influencing the
recruitment process for interviews in research, the following: available infrastructure and support
resources, the characteristics of the recruiter, desired traits of the interviewees and the nature of
the research process (Patton, 2015). When one looks at these aspects, they have a direct impact
on whether the interview process can meet its overall goal or not. Having established the guiding
principles in the recruitment process, the following shows the interview guide one would utilize
in seeking to identify the people who will be used for research in the process.
Brief Description
It all starts with establishing a clear aspect through which one has all the goals of the
research. In this case, one requires to have a clarity of purpose on what is required in the overall
research, and how the knowledge required is applicable in the long-term. The nature of the
research forms the foundation on the suitability of the interviewees. Therefore, a demonstration
of the research goals and the knowledge which the researcher seeks to identify will be integral in
having a trend on the type of researchers required. Secondly, the identification process which
establishes the type of people who can generate the knowledge necessary for the research. In this
case, one gives a justification on why a person should be given preference in the research process
while overlooking others. After identifying potential interviewees, it is necessary that the
AN INTERVIEW GUIDE
3
recruiter considers the people based on merit and their ability to offer significant knowledge
towards the research goals.
After the identification of the potential interviews, one then sends out an invitation
detailing the research, the available resources and the timeline of conducting the research. In this
case, it would be vital to try and have an argument towards persuasion, and some aspects such as
informed consent and confidentiality would go a long way in ensuring that the people understand
that any concerns on information such as violation of their privacy. One should send excessive
invitations with an expectation that some prospective interviewees will turn down the invitation.
However, in the invitation, one should also be clear to all those invited that the researcher holds
the final power on who qualifies, in case there is a need to reduce the number of respondents.
Summative of the interview guide
One needs to understand the overall research goals and the purpose which the research
will seek to serve at the end of the interview process. in this case, having clarity on the nature of
the research, the theoretical inclinations and resources would be vital in determining how the
interview process pans out. Additionally, one then focuses on the recruitment process which has
been explained above, and sends the invitations to the people who will be used as the research
sample, and provide information on different issues. Lastly, the informed consent which
validates that the participants in the research have read and understood the research process in a
language that they know. Additionally, the people understand the risks and terms of the research
and voluntarily agree to these terms without any coercion. With this, one then goes ahead and
starts the interview process.
AN INTERVIEW GUIDE
4
References
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and
practice (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Running head: HAND CODING VERSUS QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE 1
Hand Coding Versus Qualitative Data Analysis Software
Tony Pinedo
Walden University
HAND CODING VERSUS QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
2
Hands-On: Experience in Coding using Excel and Word
Qualitative analysis is essential considering that it requires a strong focus on text-based
analysis. There is a strong focus on the Qualitative Analysis Software which helps in
facilitating analysis of the qualitative data based on the underlying research objectives.
Therefore there are different factors which need to be considered in ensuring that the QDA
Software selected is appropriate. There is a need to understand essential aspects including the
research objective. The research objective help in organizing data as well as the methodology
which help attain better results because it is possible to identify specific methods which can be
included in the analysis to achieve the desired outcomes.
The coding in both excel and word has different outcomes especially evaluating the
ease of use and the ability to integrate necessary changes which can be essential in attaining
better results. Coding of data is a crucial procedure considering that the analysis procedure is
defined based on the codes. Thus it is vital to ensure that the coding is efficient. My experience
in coding using both excel and the word was different despite knowing precisely what was
needed based on the objective. However, an important consideration that I learned in this
experience is that research outcomes validity and reliability are majorly based on the analytical
tool which provides focus on a different type of data while also taking into focus a strong focus
on essential processes which help attain better outcomes.
I found coding in excel is more comfortable because of the excel structure which made
it possible to organize the data successfully. Identifying a better structure in coding is crucial
since it helps define critical processes which help develop better codes for analysis. However,
the major challenge that I faced when coding using excel is that it was difficult for me to
organize and categorize data effectively. There is data that is repetitive where different
HAND CODING VERSUS QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
3
participants have a similar understanding makes it difficult to identify is a single approach that
would help in ensuring better coding.
Coding in word was a challenging experience for me especially because I had not
learned on the different ways available to code in word. However, organizing text data in word
was easy considering that it provided a strong emphasis on better development. Text data is
highly diverse which means that different approaches can be regarded as in attaining better
coding. However, I learned a lot of essential aspects on qualitative data analysis where I can
identify and utilize different approaches that have been considered in the analysis based on the
underlying research objective which is crucial in attaining better research outcomes. The
process of coding has evolved successfully through continuous practice which helps integrate
essential concepts which can help define a better research process involving qualitative data.
Research: Comparative of two Qualitative analysis software
The choice of analysis software is vital in the analysis because a researcher must choose
software that they can use based on the underlying research objective. High level of planning
and organization is essential in taking into consideration such concepts which help attain
improved results. Analyzing qualitative data is complex considering that there are no standard
procedures which are evaluated in determining the accuracy of results. As a researcher, I
understand that there are different concepts that I need to consider in attaining improved results.
There are different Qualitative data analysis software which provides a strong background
under which conducting successful research results is guaranteed.
Different QDA software focuses on various aspects of analysis which mean that there
is a need to identify a research objective within research to help ensure a successful choice.
Therefore the software that I will evaluate includes NVivo and Dedoose. These software are
useful in analyzing qualitative data and are employed across different platforms. NVivo is a
HAND CODING VERSUS QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
4
desktop based qualitative analytical tool that is has a more graphical user interface which
enhances the ease of use. The Dedoose software is a web-based qualitative analytical software.
Both software operates on a paid business model which requires subscription and continuous
updates although both have a 30 day trial period (Boston University.,n.d.).
The choice of software is dependent on the ability to use as well as better documentation
which is crucial and help integrate essential aspects which can help in facilitating data analysis.
These softwares operate only on the Windows operating system. The import and export
functionality is critical to defining essential changes which need to be evaluated and help in
attaining better outcomes. Both tools are compatible with excel, word and CSV formats which
increase their diversity and ability to operate across different platforms (Predictive Analysis
Today, 2016).
I chose this qualitative data analysis software due to their ease of use and multiple
functionalities which are essential when dealing with text-based data. Qualitative data is crucial
and challenging to organize which require more efficient software that can be effectively
engaged to attain improved outcomes. These features are essential in the choice of software to
use when utilizing qualitative data. However, there is a need for a high level of practice to
conduct dynamic analysis.
References
HAND CODING VERSUS QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
Boston University. (n.d.). Qualitative data analysis software comparison. Retrieved
December 17, 2016, from https://www.bu.edu/tech/services/support/desktop/d...
Predictive Analysis Today. (2016a). Top 15 qualitative data analysis software. Retrieved
from http://www.predictiveanalyticstoday.com/top-qualit...
5
Running Head: WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
1
Week 4 Qualitative Research
Tony Pinedo
Advanced Qualitative Reasoning and Analysis
Walden University
2
WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Introduction
The success of research depends on the researchers' ability to come up with the appropriate research
questions to address the identified issue. According to Kutney-Lee, Stimpfel, Sloane, Cimiotti, Quinn, &
Aiken, (2015), the health care sector requires highly qualified health practitioners with the competence to
identify the issues bothering the community health. The health care sector is faced with the shortage of health
practitioners especially the nurses. Sare & Ogilvie (2010), posit that the number of patients is ever increasing
in thus outmatching the number of nurses. However, it's essential to find the right approaches which can be
applied to address the shortage of nurse practitioners and improve the workability of the available nurses. The
qualitative methods that can be involved in this research include phenomenology and grounded theory.
Research Questions
The research questions that can apply in this research are as follows.
1. What are the strategies that can be applied to improve nurses’ performance despite an
increase in the number of patients?
2. In which ways the health care department can minimize the shortage of nurses and
improve their performance despite an increase in the number of patients?
A Case Why Each Selected Approach Would Work
The grounded theory is used to discover emerging patterns in data. Grounded method guides a
researcher on matters related to data collection and details for data analysis (Laureate Education, 2016). The
grounded way helps a researcher to conceptualize on the patterns surrounding the healthcare sector. It plays a
significant role in comparing the identified phenomenon and other social structures. The approach involves
using the inductive method to generate the substantive code in the data and generate more questions which
help the research to define where he or she will go next. Therefore, the approach will help in identifying the
causes of the nurse shortage in the health care shortage. Further, it will assist in determining the objectives of
3
WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
the decline in the nurses' performance and how the quality can be improved. The ground theory seeks to give a
new explanation of the phenomenon at hand.
The second approach that can be used in this research is phenomenology. Phenomenology helps the
researcher to analyze of exploring the lived experience. Based on the expressed experience, the researcher can
develop questions to guide him or her to come up with the right explanation. In this, scenario, it can be used to
explain the exact causes of the patient's dissatisfaction after being attended by the nurse. The phenomenology
focuses more on invariant structures of experiences. In this position, a researcher suspends the preconceptions
and understands the phenomenon on the angle of the participants. According to Singh, (2009), the suspension
of the preconceived information is known as bracketing.
The Approach That Fits the Highlighted Research Problem
The approach that fits the highlighted research problem is phenomenology approach. Phenomenology
approach focuses on understanding the patients' experience caused by the shortage of nurses. Ideally, a
shortage of nurses has various implications for healthcare service delivery. For instance, some patients can be
misdiagnosed, or not treated properly. On the other hand, the approach will help in identifying the experiences
of nurses with an increasing number of patients. Also, through this approach, I will be able to understand what
can be done to improve nurses’ performance and quality healthcare services to the patients. The question that
fits this approach is as follows.
Rephrased Research Question
This study will use qualitative methods where the researcher will present specific research
question to the participants to help in data collection. The research question that the research will
use is;
•
Do you believe that there are ways that can be implemented to reduce the negative issue
of nurse shortage in the healthcare departments?
How the Phenomenology Will Be Helpful on The Project in The Future
4
WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
The use of quality data collection approaches will help the researcher to collect valid data that will
enable them to conclude about the challenges facing the healthcare organizations as a result of having nurse
shortages. The approach will help in describing the need for having more qualified healthcare personnel in the
healthcare organization. The data will be collected primarily through interviews, questionnaires, observation or
using the secondary materials. Secondly, data analysis will be applied to determine the exact causes of the
nurses' shortage and the impacts of the deficit on service delivery. Lastly, the researcher will analyze the
collected data to come up with strategies that may solve this challenge.
The Best Theoretical Framework That Can Be Applied in Research
Two factors motivational theory is the best theoretical framework that can be used in research.
According to Singh (2009), two factors theory focus on the factors that improve the employee's job
satisfaction. The method describes two elements that have an impact on the employee's performance. Those
factors include satisfaction factors and dissatisfaction factors. The two types of features are known as hygiene
factors. Some of the satisfaction factors that the healthcare sector can embark on to improve the performance
of the nurses in raise salary, offer a good working environment, offer responsibility to the nurses, allow their
advancement, and allow autonomy in their work.
The Data Tools That Will Be Most Appropriate in This Approach
The data tools that will be most appropriate in this approach include interviewing and focus groups.
The unstructured interviews will be conducted. In this form of meetings, the participants will be asked various
questions, and their response will be written. The research will target about 200 nurses from different hospitals
and 500 patients in different regions. The interview will take approximately 5 minutes per participants.
Secondly, the focus groups will be used. The focus group will incorporate various nurses there they will be
asked to discuss the issues related with nurse personnel shortage. Also, the focus group can be used to describe
multiple strategies that can be used to improve the nurses' performance. Also, the discussion will be recorded
carefully.
Conclusion
5
WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
It's important to find the right approaches which can be applied to address the shortage of nurse
practitioners and improve the workability of the available nurses. The phenomenology approach as essential is
construction a theoretical framework regarding the lack of the nurses. The theory can be applied to improve the
performance of the nurses and thus ensuring there is quality healthcare.
References
Kutney-Lee, A., Stimpfel, A. W., Sloane, D. M., Cimiotti, J. P., Quinn, L. W., & Aiken, L. H. (2015). Changes
in patient and nurse outcomes associated with magnet hospital recognition. Medical care, 53(6), 550.
Laureate Education (Producer). (2016). Introduction to SAGE research methods online [Video file]. Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3D- Zh7VoaI&feature=youtu.be
Sare, M., & Ogilvie, L. (2010). Strategic planning for nurses: Change management in health care. Sudbury,
MA: Jones and Bartlett.
Singh, A. (2009). System concepts and long-term care delivery. In Author (Ed.), Effective management of
long-term care facilities. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
6
WEEK 4 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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