Running head: COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Kirshay Mobley BIO 201– Public Health and the Environment Colorado State University – Global Campus Harvey Kitzman Mod 2 Portfolio Milestone: Community Action Plan March 24, 2019 1 COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN 2 The Community Action Plan In their career, public health professions often engage in programs which seek to improve the health status of their immediate community. to gain a better insight on how to engage the community and improve their overall health status, I choose to work on Project Option #2 - The Community Action Plan. For this project, I will cove obesity in Georgia as the public health issue of concern. Over the years, the rate of obesity in the state of Georgia has been on the rise which makes it a major concern. From 10.1% in 1990, the rate of obesity in Georgia has risen significantly and now stands at approximately 31.6%. As a major predisposing factor to many diseases and conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, there is a need to address the rising number of obese people in the population within the state. Other than this, obesity has significantly contributed to the increased medical costs across the state, and addressing this will see a significant fall in overall cost associated with delivering health care. Running head: FINDING PARTNERS 1 Kirshay Mobley BIO 201– Public Health and the Environment Colorado State University – Global Campus Harvey Kitzman Mod 4 Critical Thinking: Finding Partners April 14 , 2019 FINDING PARTNERS 2 Introduction The success of community action plans highly depends on the support one gets from their very own society. Ensuring that one can recruit appropriate stakeholders who can support the community action plan and ensure its implementation successfully is essential. The involvement of the community and key stakeholders such as government officials and non-governmental organizations who have significant resources are critical in rallying the community as well as the provision of resources critical to the project implementation (Ruest, Ashton, & Millar, 2017). Today, obesity remains a significant health challenge not only in Georgia but also across the whole country. To successfully implement the community action plan to fight obesity in Savannah, Georgia, it's essential to have the support of critical players in the community and the department of health. We shall identify key individuals who will be critical to the implementation of the obesity community action plan in Georgia. Partners Mayor Eddie DeLoach - Mayor, City of Savannah, GA. Email: edeloach@savannahga.gov Phone No. 912-651-6444 One of the key partners who will contribute towards the implementation of the community action towards addressing the social problem of obesity is the Mayor of the City of Savannah. As the mayor of the City of Savannah, Mayor DeLoach will be critical to rallying the community as well as helping fund the exercise. The Kaiser Family Foundation - Contact: https://www.kff.org/contact-us/ FINDING PARTNERS 3 The Kaiser Family Foundation is also one of the key non-governmental organizations which have increasingly raised awareness over various public health issues, key among them being obesity. The organization has been on the forefront of advocating for health and wellness, including in the state of Georgia where the organization has partnered with the Georgia Department of Public Health to improve health and fight non-communicable diseases such as obesity in the state. Kathleen E. Toomey - Commissioner of the Georgia Department of Public Health Phone No. 404-657-2700 As the Commissioner of the Georgia Department of Public Health, Kathleen will be critical to the sensitization of the community as well as providing the support of the community action plan at the state level. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Contact- (877) 843-7953 The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is one of the most influential non-governmental organization which works to promote health through funding initiatives which promote health. It describes itself as an organization which “funds a wide array of programs which are working to help build a national Culture of Health (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, n.d). The foundation can help to fund the community action plan as it seeks to promote a culture of well-being. Georgia Regional Hospital Phone No: (912) 356-2011 Georgia Regional Hospital is one of the key health care providers in Savannah and across Georgia. As a health caregiver, the hospital will help create awareness on the health dangers FINDING PARTNERS 4 posed by obesity as well as provide medical attention to individuals who might need such interventions to address obesity. Governor Brian P. Kemp Phone No:1-800-436-7442 The Governor of the state of Georgia will be one of the key people who will help with the implementation of the action plan. As the governor of the state, Brian can help to create awareness and to rally the community in Savannah and across Georgia. The Home Depot Phone No: +1 912-352-3562 As the largest employer in the state of Georgia and with three branches is Savannah alone, Home Depot is one of the businesses which will help to fund the community action plan. The retailer will also help create awareness on obesity as a major health issue across the United States. Children Obesity Fund Email: goplay@childrensobesityfund.org The Children Obesity Fund is one of the major non-governmental organization that provides funding for initiatives which seeks to fight obesity among children. As one of the key players in the fight against obesity especially among children, the Children Obesity Fund will be brought on board both for funding and creating awareness purposes. Hulk Hogan professional wrestler Email: contacthbs@hogansbeachshop.com Born and raised in Georgia, professional wrestler Hulk Hogan is one of the celebrities and sportsperson who can help create awareness and act as an ambassador to the community action plan. As a celebrity, sportsperson, and a resident of Georgia, Hulk Hogan will be a star attraction to the community action plan and will generate media attention and publicity around the program. FINDING PARTNERS South University 5 Phone Number: 912-201-8000 South University is one of the major learning institutions in Savannah, Georgia. As a center for learning and with a population of over 17000 students, South University will help create awareness around obesity within Savannah. As a learning institution, the university can also provide public education on obesity. FINDING PARTNERS 6 References Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (n.d). Improving the health and well-being of all in America. Retrieved from https://www.rwjf.org/ South University, Savannah, GA. https://www.southuniversity.edu/whoweare/about/contact-us Child Obesity Fund. http://www.childrensobesityfund.org/grantfundraising-faq/ Ruest, M. R., Ashton, C. W., & Millar, J. (2017). Community Health Evaluations Completed Using Paramedic Service (Checups): Design and Implementation of a New Community-Based Health Program. Journal of Health & Human Services Administration, 40(2), 186–218. Running Head: RESEARCH ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS Kirshay Mobley BIO 201– Public Health and the Environment Colorado State University – Global Campus Harvey Kitzman Mod 5 Critical Thinking: Research Economic Considerations April 28 , 2019 1 RESEARCH ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 2 The City of Savannah, Georgia has an estimated population of about 400,000. With an estimated obesity cost of $250 per Georgian per year, the overall medical cost for the city of Savannah will be $100,000,000 per year. The amount translates to $8,400,000 per month (GDHR, 2005). Obesity is a health condition where excess body fat accumulates to the extent of having adverse effect on the health of a person. The most common measure of obesity is the Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI calculates a person's weight relative to their height. The government can allocate these funds in an attempt to combat the problem of obesity in the community. The funds will be used to create awareness in the city on the harmful effects of obesity on people's health. The adverse effects include diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, arthritis and obesity-related cancer (RWJF, 2018). The campaign may be dubbed a fight against obesity. To effectively create awareness in the community, some expenses will be incurred. First, it is vital to acquire a mobile clinic that will continuously engage with the residents of Savannah city to inform them of the importance of being fit. Advertising will be another convenient method of creating awareness. Advertising can be done through social media, mass media, billboards, and campaign flyers or posters and brochures. A percentage of the campaign funds will be used to pay social media influencers to circulate vital information in the fight against obesity campaign. Payments will be made to mass media houses to broadcast commercials on the obesity campaign. Billboards may be elected in different and convenient locations in the city to educate bypasses and motorists on the importance of keeping fit or healthy leaving. Some funds will be used to rent space on the billboards. Printing cost will be incurred in relation to campaign flyers and brochures. The posters will be plastered on walls in the city. Casual employees will distribute the obesity RESEARCH ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 3 campaign leaflets to different social amenities (schools, hospitals, and libraries) in the city. Therefore, one must incur transportation and labor cost. There are several possible economic consequences if the campaign does not find a solution to the obesity issue in the city. First, for a nation to grow and develop economically, it needs a healthy population. Failure to establish an effective solution will mean that people will suffer from different ailments associated with obesity. The scarce time resource will be spent seeking treatment for the illnesses (diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, arthritis, and obesityrelated cancer). Therefore, a nation's productivity will decrease, making it less competitive economically. Second, residents of Savannah city will incur medical costs being payment for healthcare services they will receive in hospitals. The resources residents will spend to settle medical bills can otherwise be used to cater for their basic needs (food, shelter, and clothing) and education for the young generation. There are economic benefits of finding a solution for obesity. The country will have a healthy population to work in the various sectors of its economy. With an efficient workforce, the nation's productivity will continuously increase relative to the population increase. An increase in productivity will increase the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) making it economically and globally competitive (Hanushek, 2013). City residents will use for different purposes funds that could have otherwise spent to cater to medical bills. For instance, the money can be used to provide the families with basic needs and the young ones with an education. Education equips the youth with the skills and knowledge necessary to survive and succeed in the real world. Personal success eventually RESEARCH ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS translates to national success in terms of economic development (Brewer & McEwan, 2010). A healthy and skilled population is an added advantage to a nation. 4 RESEARCH ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS References Brewer, D. J., & McEwan, P. J. (Eds.). (2010). Economics of education. Elsevier. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health., (2005). Overweight and Obesity in Georgia. Publication Number: DPH05.023HW Hanushek, E. A. (2013). Economic growth in developing countries: The role of human capital. Economics of Education Review, 37, 204-212. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation., (2018). The State of Obesity in Georgia. Retrieved from: https://www.stateofobesity.org/states/ga/ 5 Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Kirshay Mobley BIO 201– Public Health and the Environment Colorado State University – Global Campus Harvey Kitzman Mod 6 Critical Thinking: Annotated Bibliography April 28 , 2019 1 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 Introduction An annotated bibliography is a researcher working list of references. A researcher mainly uses books, articles, and online articles to complete their essays or research projects. While writing an annotated bibliography, the writer first outlines their citation that is books, articles, and online articles and then writes a small paragraph on why they think the source is the most appropriate to be used in the research project or essay they are writing. Annotated Bibliography Hoque, N. (2013). The impact of future demographic change on overweight and obesity, and the economic cost associated with this phenomenon, in Georgia (USA), 2000– 2040. Canadian Studies in Population, 40(3-4), 117-133. Hoque, Nazrul, a senior manager and researcher talks more about the impact of future population changes on overweight and obesity, and the medical cost related to overweight and obesity in Georgia (p.117-133). The researcher postulates an increase in obesity cases in adults and its associated medical cost. Maalouf, J. (2011). Nutrition Environment and Practices in Twenty-Four Child-Care Centers in Georgia. The author, a researcher from Georgia State University, uses data from the child care centers in Southwest Georgia to find the relationship that exists between child care centers with obesity in children 3-5 years of age. The author argues that there is a relationship between child care attendances with obesity in children. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3 Puhl, R., Peterson, J. L., & Luedicke, J. (2013). Fighting obesity or obese persons? Public perceptions of obesity-related health messages. International Journal of Obesity, 37(6), 774. The authors, researchers for the international journal of obesity conducted a research study to get a clear understanding of the public views on obesity-related health campaigns and their effect on motivation and stigmatization. The researchers did find that there is a link between obesity media campaigns with motivation and stigmatization (p.778). Gadde, K. M., Martin, C. K., Berthoud, H. R., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2018). Obesity: pathophysiology and management. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(1), 69-84. The authors, researchers for the American College of Cardiology Foundation conduct a study to obesity its pathophysiology and management. In the survey these researchers device a solution for the obesity issue in healthy eating and change of lifestyle. Wolin, K. Y., Carson, K., & Colditz, G. A. (2010). Obesity and cancer. The oncologist, 15(6), 556-565. Wolin and Colditz, researchers for the Oncologist, conduct a study to reveal the relationship between obesity and cancer. According to the survey, there is a link between obesity to some cancer cases (esophageal, thyroid, colon, renal, liver, melanoma, multiple myeloma, rectum, gallbladder, leukemia, lymphoma, and prostate in men; and postmenopausal breast and endometrium in women) in the society (p. 556-565). ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 4 Dzewaltowski, D. A., Rosenkranz, R. R., Geller, K. S., Coleman, K. J., Welk, G. J., Hastmann, T. J., & Milliken, G. A. (2010). HOP'N after-school project: an obesity prevention randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(1), 90. The authors, researchers for the BioMed Central Ltd conducted a study that seeks to report on the achievement of the Healthy Opportunities for Physical Activity and Nutrition (HOP'N) after-school programs in a trial to combat obesity in children. The program eventually succeeds in its attempt to solve the obesity issue in children. Yang, L., & Colditz, G. A. (2015). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 2007-2012. JAMA internal medicine, 175(8), 1412-1413. The authors, researchers for Wijeysundera conduct a study the continuous increase in obesity cases among citizens in the US. The result supports the prevalence of obesity in the US. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health., (2005). Overweight and Obesity in Georgia. Publication Number: DPH05.023HW The authors, researchers in the Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health talk more about overweight, obesity and their link to various health issues in the state of Georgia, United States. The primary cause of obesity is excess body weight (imbalance between weight and height) or excess accumulation of body fat due to an imbalance between energy intake and output (p. 1-53). Obesity is a medical condition that continues to affect a large portion of the Georgian population and the US as a whole. Currently, the increase in the rise of obesity cases in society is as a result of behavioral, environmental, cultural, political, and socioeconomic influences in the lives of people in ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 the community. In this report, the author provides vital information and data related to health risks and medical costs of obesity in the state of Georgia, US. The author then outlines the initial plans that the Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health to address obesity in the state. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation., (2018). The State of Obesity in Georgia. Retrieved from: https://www.stateofobesity.org/states/ga/ The authors, researchers in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation mainly provides numeric data on obesity trends in different age groups and its related health risks in the state of Georgia. The author then outlines various policies necessary to help Georgia state residents to avoid obesity and its associated health risks. Andy, M., (2018). State's obesity rates not the worst, but not good. Retrieved from: http://www.georgiahealthnews.com/2018/09/states-obesity-rate-worst-good/ The author, a new correspondent for the Georgia Health News, conducts a study to evaluate Georgia's placement on the national charts in terms of the prevalence of obesity rates in society. The author finds out that Georgia's rank is not too bad but still insists that the position is not that good. There is a need for policies to mitigate the problem of obesity in Georgia. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 References Hoque, N. (2013). The impact of future demographic change on overweight and obesity, and the economic cost associated with this phenomenon, in Georgia (USA), 2000– 2040. Canadian Studies in Population, 40(3-4), 117-133. Maalouf, J. (2011). Nutrition Environment and Practices in Twenty-Four Child-Care Centers in Georgia. Puhl, R., Peterson, J. L., & Luedicke, J. (2013). Fighting obesity or obese persons? Public perceptions of obesity-related health messages. International Journal of Obesity, 37(6), 774. Gadde, K. M., Martin, C. K., Berthoud, H. R., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2018). Obesity: pathophysiology and management. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(1), 69-84. Wolin, K. Y., Carson, K., & Colditz, G. A. (2010). Obesity and cancer. The oncologist, 15(6), 556-565. Dzewaltowski, D. A., Rosenkranz, R. R., Geller, K. S., Coleman, K. J., Welk, G. J., Hastmann, T. J., & Milliken, G. A. (2010). HOP'N after-school project: an obesity prevention randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(1), 90. Yang, L., & Colditz, G. A. (2015). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 2007-2012. JAMA internal medicine, 175(8), 1412-1413. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health., (2005). Overweight and Obesity in Georgia. Publication Number: DPH05.023HW Robert Wood Johnson Foundation., (2018). The State of Obesity in Georgia. Retrieved from: https://www.stateofobesity.org/states/ga/ ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Andy, M., (2018). State’s obesity rates not the worst, but not good. Retrieved from: http://www.georgiahealthnews.com/2018/09/states-obesity-rate-worst-good/ 7 Running head: OBESITY IN SAVANNAH Kirshay Mobley BIO 201– Public Health and the Environment Colorado State University – Global Campus Harvey Kitzman Mod 7 Portfolio Milestone: Obesity in Savannah Rough Draft April 28 , 2019 1 OBESITY IN SAVANNAH 2 Obesity in Savannah Currently, 31.6 % of the entire population of Georgia is obese. This is largely attributed to the poor lifestyles’ choices that the citizens of Georgia have leading to excess fat accumulation in the body. Similarly, in Savannah, Georgia obesity has remained a major community issue with the affected residents struggling to combat it (Brewer & McEwan, 2010). The need to combat obesity is because it increases pre-exposure to lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases and also organ failure. The federal government of Georgia has thus paid more attention to the issues and also increased funding to combat obesity. There have also been numerous programs and partnerships which have been established to solve the issue too. With increased stigmatization among obese residents of Savannah, it is important to solve the issues of obesity. The youths are however the most affected individuals by obesity since they consume more calories than they burn leading to fat accumulation in the body. Symptoms Some of the symptoms of obesity among the affected persons include excess fat buildup around the body which is the main symptom of being obese. Obese individuals often have excess fat deposits in their bodies especially around the abdomen and also the back. The other symptom of obesity is difficulty in breathing especially after moderate or vigorous physical activity. Besides these obese individuals also tend to pant and sweat a lot when they engage in physical activity. Additionally, the other symptom is high cholesterol which occurs as a result of high fat deposit in the blood. Another symptom of severe obesity is back and joint pains due to the inability by joints to move and become flexible. Alternatively, obese individuals also experience difficulty in walking due to their heavy weight. Conclusively, severe cases of obesity may also OBESITY IN SAVANNAH 3 be signified by symptoms such as increased exhaustion and also snoring among affected individuals. Diagnosis The diagnosis of obesity involves a set of activities which seek to determine if an individual has excess fat in their body. One of the procedures in the diagnosis process involves measuring the Body Mass Index which measures the relationship between the body weight and the height (Husted, 2015). The BMI estimates the measure of the body fat and compares the result with the standard measure that the individual is supposed to have to determine if they are obese. The other diagnosis procedure is examining the blood composition to determine their cholesterol level. By determining an individual's blood work, doctors can diagnose whether an individual is likely to be obese or not. Cure There is no specific cure for obesity. However, there are various medications which affected individuals take up to burn the body fat and reduce their overall fat accumulation in the body (Ruest, Ashton & Millar, 2017). These medications involve the consumption of certain drugs or even herbal medicines which help lower the body weight. Besides these affected individuals can also undertake surgical procedure to remove the fat deposits in the body. Alternatively, can engage in physical activity to burn the extra fats that are present in the body. Preventive measures Some of the prevention measures of obesity include changing dietary procedures of a community where the members of the community start eating healthy foods and in small portions (Larery, 2019). In this case, individuals are recommended to take up more fruits and vegetables OBESITY IN SAVANNAH while avoiding fatty foods. The other preventive measure is engaging in sports or physical activity to reduce the fat buildup in the body when one consumer's food. Additionally, community members should also be educated about nutrition procedure to enable them to understand what foods they should take to avoid getting obese. Lastly, obesity can be prevented by reducing the stress levels and having enough rest Obesity in Savannah, Georgia continues to be a major issue but the current federal government is introducing various programs which seek to teach the residents about healthy eating to control this menace. Besides this individual are being encouraged to engage in a physical activity besides providing free screening services to residents who need to measure the level of obesity among individuals. To effectively combat obesity it requires personal sacrifice, endurance and dedication, therefore, one needs not only to ensure that they watch over their diet but also combine other procedure such as reducing lifestyles such as alcohol consumption and sedentary behavior to achieve this. With support from the federal government, the family members and personal initiative I believe that obesity is manageable and can be lowered if not eradicated in Savannah, Georgia. 4 OBESITY IN SAVANNAH 5 References Brewer, D. J., & McEwan, P. J. (Eds.). (2010). Economics of education. Elsevier. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health. (2005). Overweight and Obesity in Georgia. Publication Number: DPH05.023HW. Husted, M. E. (2015). The influence of eating behavior traits on cognitive processing of obesity causes and food pictures. Larery, T. (2019). The True Weight of Childhood Obesity in America. The Midwest Quarterly, (3), 329. Ruest, M. R., Ashton, C. W., & Millar, J. (2017). Community Health Evaluations Completed Using Paramedic Service (Checups): Design and Implementation of a New CommunityBased Health Program. Journal of Health & Human Services Administration, 40(2), 186– 218.
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