Normative Theories on Female Genital Cutting Case Study Essay

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In a second essay use the Case Study: Female Genital Cutting on page 15 of the textbook. Use a different three normative theories to do an analysis of the issue. There should be a concise introduction and conclusion in addition to the body of the text. The essay can be a paragraph per theory. The analysis should be about 2 pages in length total depending on the theories.

*Content warning: the case study for Part 2 (female genital cutting) involves sensitive content (violence against women) that some may find disturbing. Any student who finds the topic potentially traumatizing can opt to choose a different case study from the book and follow the same instructions below for analyzing your chosen case. Just be specify the case study and page number you are doing.

The normative theories of ethics are:

  • Virtue Ethics
  • Utilitarianism
  • Deontology (Kant)
  • Rights Theory
  • Ethics of Care
  • Egoism
  • Natural Ethics

In your conclusion, you may give your opinion which of the methods you believe is the best approach. Please do not make this a 2 page opinion piece but instead a 1.75 page analysis with a .25 page opinion at the end. You will be graded much more heavily on your analysis than your opinion. In addition, please do not use the little space you have to summarize the documentary for me. I've seen it. Use examples specifically and quotes when possible. Each of the normative theories has principles and specific vocabulary which you need to be using when doing an analysis.

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Copyright © 2014. Routledge. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. CASE STUDIES FOR GLOBAL ETHICS CASE STUDY FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING “Female genital mutilation” (FGM), “female circumcision”, “female genital cutting” (FGC) and “clitoridectomy” are all phrases that refer to procedures that involve the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. The term we use is not value neutral: the label “FGM” is used by those critical of the procedure (“mutilation” being a wholly negative term); female circumcision is used by those who support or are at least more tolerant of the practice. The term “female genital cutting”, or FGC, comes somewhere in the middle of these. Just as the terminology is not value neutral, it is hard to get neutral facts and information on this practice (like many ethically concerning practices that are addressed in global ethics). The World Health Organization (WHO) distinguishes four types of this procedure: • partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce (clitoridectomy); • partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (excision); • narrowing of the vaginal orifice by creating a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris (infibulation); • all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization. FGC is usually carried out on girls under fifteen and the WHO estimates that 100–140 million girls and women have undergone one of the first three forms of this procedure and that around 3 million girls are at risk of such a procedure. Instances of FGC have been reported worldwide: however, it most commonly occurs in western, eastern and north-eastern regions of Africa, parts of Asia and the Middle East and in immigrant communities from these locations elsewhere. In Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Somalia and the Republic of Sudan (formerly northern Sudan) the practice is almost universal and Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Gambia and Mauritania all have rates of over 70 per cent. FGC is a traumatic procedure (usually girls are pinned down and it is often carried out in medically unsafe environments and with unsafe equipment, which leads to infection). Long-term documented health risks include pain, lack of sexual feeling, ongoing infections and psychological trauma. In addition, FGC increases risks in childbirth (e.g. post-partum haemorrhaging) and even increases the likelihood of death of newborn babies immediately after birth. For these reasons FGC is opposed by many international organizations including the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the UN Educational, Scientific 15 EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 5/10/2019 4:10 PM via JOHNSON & WALES UNIV AN: 924382 ; Widdows, Heather.; Global Ethics : An Introduction Account: s9006562
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Running head: NORMATIVE THEORIES

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Normative Theories: Female Genital Cutting
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NORMATIVE THEORIES

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Normative Theories: Female Genital Cutting
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) has been one of the most atrocious issues facing young
women across the globe. It involves removing part of mutilating the female’s genitals, which
most of the communities, primarily in Africa used as a rite of passage. According to the World
Health Organization, about 100-140 million people have undergone the FGM with more than 3
million being at the risk of experiencing the same ordeal (Johnson & Wales University, 2014).
Noteworthy, the normative theories (Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Rights theory) can be used
to determine whether the issue is just or unjust to the society. This paper analyses the use of
utilitarianism, deontology, and rights theory to analyze the matter...


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