Systems Engineering and Analysis

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Instructions You may use Blanchard & Fabrycky text, and other referred or edited published sources (e.g., Internet sources without peer review are not acceptable sources). No other sources may be consulted. If you use any source other than the Blanchard & Fabrycky text and current semester course notes to generate a solution, you must properly cite the source. Scenario You have successfully completed this course and your Master’s program at any University and are hired to direct the systems engineering and integration of a new project. The attributes of the project are: 1. The time from project initiation to production of the first unit is 18 months. 2. The product is 25% software, 50% electronic components, and 25% nonelectronic, plastic, and metallic components. 3. The product must have at least a 5yr lifetime, which includes the initial 18 months in 1), before replacement or retirement. 4. The product will be used by persons 12-76 years of age. 5. The product poses no safety (loss of life or property) concerns for consumers. 6. The product is a consumer item and will be sold through retail and online outlets. 7. The product has some parts that the consumer can repair given a spare but other repairs must be done on items returned to the manufacturer. 8. You will determine the schedule and staffing for each phase of the life cycle of this product with the exception of (a) the 18 month time to production of the first unit and (b) the expected 5yr lifetime of the product. 9. You will determine the amount of the product produced. Final Examination Requirements Write a systems engineering management plan (SEMP) for this project. You may choose to instantiate a product meeting items 1) - 9) above but that is not necessary for completing this exam. For full credit on this examination, you must address topics in each of the text chapters 1-14 that we introduced or discussed in class. This equates to 7 points per chapter. For extra credit give some thought to text chapters 15-17 for 4 points per chapter. Your SEMP must be no longer than 8 pages long (typed, single-spaced, 11 point font, standard margins for your word processor) including all text, tables, and figures, title page, and table of contents. Figure 18-3 “Systems engineering management plan (SEMP) outline”, page 644 of the 5th edition of our text will be the framework for your exam paper. You might also want to consult the online Systems Engineering Book of Knowledge http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Planning. Systems Engineering and Analysis Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Professor Emeritus of Engineering and Industrial and Systems Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Wolter J. Fabrycky Lawrence Professor Emeritus of Industrial and Systems Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and Chairman, Academic Applications International Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Contents Preface Part I Introduction to Systems Chapter 1 Systems Science and Engineering 1.1 System Definitions and Elements 1.2 A Classification of Systems 1.3 Science and Systems Science 1.4 Technology and Technical Systems 1.5 Transition to the Systems Age 1.6 Systems Engineering 1.7 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems Chapter 2 Bringing Systems Into Being 2.1 The Engineered System 2.2 System Life-Cycle Engineering 2.3 The Systems Engineering Process 2.4 System Design Considerations 2.5 System Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation 2.6 Implementing Systems Engineering 2.7 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems Part II The System Design Process Chapter 3 Conceptual System Design 3.1 Problem Definition and Need Identification 3.2 Advanced System Planning and Architecting 3.3 System Design and Feasibility Analysis 3.4 System Operational Requirements 3.5 System Maintenance and Support 3.6 Technical Performance Measures 3.7 Functional Analysis and Allocation 6 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 Contents System Trade-off Analyses System Specification Conceptual Design Review Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 107 109 109 111 112 Chapter 4 Preliminary System Design 4.1 Preliminary Design Requirements 4.2 Development, Product, Process, and Material Specifications 4.3 Functional Analysis and Allocation (Subsystem) 4.4 Preliminary Design Criteria 4.5 Design Engineering Activities 4.6 Engineering Design Tools and Technologies 4.7 Trade-off Studies and Design Definition 4.8 Design Review, Evaluation, and Feedback 4.9 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 114 115 116 118 126 128 131 134 137 139 140 Chapter 5 Detail Design and Development 5.1 Detail Design Requirements 5.2 The Evolution of Detail Design 5.3 Integrating System Elements and Activities 5.4 Design Tools and Aids 5.5 Design Data, Information, and Integration 5.6 Development of Engineering Models 5.7 System Prototype Development 5.8 Design Review, Evaluation, and Feedback 5.9 Incorporating Design Changes 5.10 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 142 143 144 148 150 151 153 156 156 160 161 162 Chapter 6 System Test, Evaluation, and Validation 6.1 The Process of System Test, Evaluation, and Validation 6.2 Categories of System Test and Evaluation 6.3 Planning for System Test and Evaluation 6.4 Preparation for System Test and Evaluation 6.5 System Test, Data Collection, Reporting, and Feedback 6.6 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 164 165 167 171 174 116 180 181 Part III Systems Analysis and Design Evaluation 183 Chapter 7 Alternatives and Models in Decision Making 7.1 Alternatives in Decision Making 7.2 Models in Decision Making 7.3 Decision Evaluation Theory 7.4 Decisions Involving Multiple Criteria 184 185 186 190 195 Contents 7 7.5 The Decision Evaluation Display 7.6 Decisions Under Risk and Uncertainty 7.7 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 201 202 211 213 Chapter 8 Models For Economic Evaluation 8.1 Interest and Interest Formulas 8.2 Determining Economic Equivalence 8.3 Evaluating a Single Alternative 8.4 Evaluating Multiple Alternatives 8.5 Evaluation Involving Multiple Criteria 8.6 Multiple Alternatives with Multiple Futures 8.7 Break-Even Economic Evaluations 8.8 Break-Even Evaluation Under Risk 8.9 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 218 219 224 227 235 237 238 241 246 248 248 Chapter 9 Optimization in Design and Operations 9.1 Classical Optimization Theory 9.2 Unconstrained Classical Optimization 9.3 Constrained Classical Optimization 9.4 Optimization Involving Multiple Criteria 9.5 Constrained Optimization by Linear Programming 9.6 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 253 254 260 281 286 288 297 298 Chapter 10 Queuing Theory and Analysis 10.1 The Queuing System 10.2 Monte Carlo Analysis of Queuing 10.3 Single-Channel Queuing Models 10.4 Multiple-Channel Queuing Models 10.5 Queuing with Nonexponential Service 10.6 Finite Population Queuing Models 10.7 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 303 304 307 310 319 322 325 332 333 Chapter 11 Control Concepts and Methods 11.1 Some Basic Control Concepts 11.2 Statistical Process Control 11.3 Statistical Control Charts 11.4 Optimum Policy Control 11.5 Project Control with CPM and PERT 11.6 Total Quality Control 11.7 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 336 337 339 341 351 354 364 367 368 8 Contents Part IV Design for Operational Feasibility 375 Chapter 12 Design for Reliability 12.1 Definition and Explanation of Reliability 12.2 Measures of Reliability 12.3 Reliability in the System Life Cycle 12.4 Reliability Analysis Methods 12.5 Reliability Test and Evaluation 12.6 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 376 377 378 388 399 410 418 418 Chapter 13 Design for Maintainability 13.1 Definition and Explanation of Maintainability 13.2 Measures of Maintainability 13.3 Availability and Effectiveness Measures 13.4 Maintainability in the System Life Cycle 13.5 Maintainability Analysis Methods 13.6 Maintainability Demonstration 13.7 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 424 425 426 440 443 450 471 477 478 Chapter 14 Design For Usability (Human Factors) 14.1 Definition and Explanation of Human Factors 14.2 The Measures in Human Factors 14.3 Human Factors in the System Life Cycle 14.4 Human Factors Analysis Methods 14.5 Personnel and Training Requirements 14.6 Personnel Test and Evaluation 14.7 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 482 483 495 496 500 506 508 508 509 Chapter 15 Design for Logistics and Supportability 15.1 Definition and Explanation of Logistics and Supportability 15.2 Logistics in the System-of-Systems Environment 15.3 The Elements of Logistics and System Support 15.4 The Measures of Logistics and Supportability 15.5 Logistics and Maintenance Support in the System Life Cycle 15.6 Supportability Analysis 15.7 Supportability Test and Evaluation 15.8 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 511 512 517 517 521 540 546 549 551 552 Chapter 16 Design for Producibility, Disposability, and Sustainability 16.1 Introducing Producibility, Disposability, and Sustainability 16.2 Producibility, Disposability, and Sustainability in the Life Cycle 16.3 Measures of Producibility and Production Progress 16.4 Design for Producibility 555 556 559 561 566 Contents 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 Design for Disposability Design for Sustainability Life-Cycle Value-Cost Diagram Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 9 570 572 574 576 578 Chapter 17 Design for Affordability (Life-cycle Costing) 17.1 Introduction to Life-Cycle Costing 17.2 Cost Considerations Over the System Life Cycle 17.3 A Generic Life-Cycle Costing Process 17.4 Life-Cycle Costing by Money Flow Modeling 17.5 Life-Cycle Costing by Economic Optimization 17.6 Applications and Benefits of Life-Cycle Costing 17.7 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 580 581 584 588 605 630 642 644 645 Part V Systems Engineering Management 653 Chapter 18 Systems Engineering Planning and Organization 18.1 Systems Engineering Program Planning 18.2 Systems Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) 18.3 Organization for Systems Engineering 18.4 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 654 655 657 672 685 686 Chapter 19 Program Management, Control, and Evaluation 19.1 Organizational Goals and Objectives 19.2 Outsourcing and the Identification of Suppliers 19.3 Program Leadership and Direction 19.4 Program Evaluation and Feedback 19.5 Risk Management 19.6 Summary and Extensions Questions and Problems 688 689 690 694 695 704 706 708 Part VI Appendices 711 Appendix A Functional Analysis A.l Functional Flow Block Diagrams A.2 Some Examples of Application 713 713 715 Appendix В Design and Management Checklists B.l Design Review Checklist B.2 Management Review Checklist 723 723 725 Appendix С Probability Theory and Analysis C.l Probability Concepts and Theory C.2 Probability Distribution Models C.3 Monte Carlo Analysis 729 729 732 740 10 Contents Appendix D Probability and Statistical Tables Table D.l Random Rectangular Variates Table D.2 Cumulative Poisson Probabilities Table D.3 Cumulative Normal Probabilities Appendix E Interest Factor Tables Table E.l 6% Interest Factors for Annual Compounding Table E.2 7% Interest Factors for Annual Compounding Table E.3 8% Interest Factors for Annual Compounding Table E.4 9% Interest Factors for Annual Compounding Table E.5 10% Interest Factors for Annual Compounding Table E.6 12% Interest Factors for Annual Compounding Table E.7 15% Interest Factors for Annual Compounding Table E.8 20% Interest Factors for Annual Compounding Appendix F Finite Queuing Tables Table F.l Finite Queuing Factors—Population 10 Table F.2 Finite Queuing Factors—Population 20 Table F.3 Finite Queuing Factors—Population 30 Appendix G Selected Bibliography G.l Systems, Systems Analysis, and Systems Engineering G.2 Concurrent and Simultaneous Engineering G.3 Software and Computer-Based Systems G.4 Reliability Engineering G.5 Maintainability Engineering and Maintenance G.6 Human Factors and Safety Engineering G.7 Production, Manufacturing, and Quality Assurance G.8 Logistics, Supply Chain, Supportability, and Sustainability G.9 Operations Research and Operations Management G.IO Engineering Economics and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis G.ll Management and Supporting Areas Appendix H Selected Websites Index
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