Technical Report & Presentation

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Engineering

Description

Hello, I did a project using Matlab in my engineering class. And I need someone to do for me the technical report and a presentation based on the tech report. The project description and the way of doing the technical report is in the attached file. My project was only for the Automotive Bumper part, so ignore the other two parts.

Regarding the PowerPoint presentation it should be as the following:

It should include at least one slide for each of the sections in the Project 1 description document. You must include one background slide (My background research will be attched). And talk about the Fiberglass/Carbon Fiber material which is only related to the automotive bumper part. The order of the slides should also be similar to that of the sections of the Project 1 description document.

Unformatted Attachment Preview

Turki Almalki ENGR102 Background Research Fabrication methods are essential as they help in the provision of precise operation of the systems and the variation that exists in the integration of the mechanical systems. The influence of the processing is essential as this helps in the maintenance of porosity, density, and the composition of the materials. In enhancing the process, there is a focus on the various adjustments that should be made, enabling the homogeneity of the material and the structure that is important in the reporting process. The changes in the composition of the materials are essential as this influences the change in the engineering process and the desired controls in the process. The type of materials determines the selection of the method, and this helps in focusing on the interactivity of the materials in the process (Pogge & Yu, 2008). The mechanical process enables the development of the functioning materials, and this helps in observing the changes that arise in the selection of the methods of fabrication method. One of the essential methods is the optical component machining method, and this looks at the shapes in the production process and the operation of the conventional machines. The principal method looks at precision in the production process, and this helps in increasing the stability of the operations of the business, considering the time and costs undertaken in the engineering process. There is factoring of the dimensions instability as this helps in influencing the behavior of the optical systems. The importance of the processing system analyzes the types of materials required, and this helps in the reduction of the tension that occurs in the different stages in the manufacturing process. In the method, there is consideration of the microstructure, and this ensures there is a focus on the preparation of the methods of production. There is a need to focus on the desired change and the routes that it undertakes in enhancing the properties of the oxidation processes. The design of the techniques is essential as this helps in consideration of the strengths of the fabrication method and the filtration that is important helping to observe the chemical factors in the components of machines (Norman & Desai, 2006). The technology used in manufacturing focuses on the different dimensions in property, and this helps in enabling the performance of the different types of materials. There is the implementation of the various properties where the focus on the method of fabrication that covers all the changes in the manufacturing process. The selection of the different property dimensions is to enable the machining process, and this helps in focusing on the geometrical processes in the production method. Various processes are involved in the method, and this consists of the fixing of the different parts and components in the process. The change that is instituted in the various components creates the need to observe the environments and the costs that are incurred in the engineering process. The assessment of the manufacturing units is vital as this helps in the evaluation of the change in frequency and the application of the methods that are important in enhancing the reliability of the systems (Campbell et al., 2004). The technique that is applied in the machining method includes welding, and this helps in focusing on the adverse methods that might affect the manufacturing process. The processes that are built using the different crafts are essential as this helps in the specification of the materials that are used in the defenses of the materials and the application of the installation processes. It enables the classification of the categories of change, and this leads to the implementation of change in the engineering method. Turki Almalki ENGR102 References Pogge, H. B., & Yu, R. (2008). U.S. Patent No. 7,354,798. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Norman, J. J., & Desai, T. A. (2006). Methods for fabrication of nanoscale topography for tissue engineering scaffolds. Annals of biomedical engineering, 34(1), 89-101. Campbell, J. H., Hawley-Fedder, R. A., Stolz, C. J., Menapace, J. A., Borden, M. R., Whitman, P. K., ... & Hackel, R. P. (2004, May). NIF optical materials and fabrication technologies: an overview. In Optical Engineering at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory II: The National Ignition Facility (Vol. 5341, pp. 84-102). International Society for Optics and Photonics. Cost Estimation and Method Selection for Manufacturing Authors Group Member Names Go Here Engineering 102 Section ### Submitted To Professor’s Name Goes Here Fundamentals of Engineering Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources West Virginia University Morgantown, WV Summer 2019 Abstract Your final technical report for this project should follow the format of this document. Please use a similar font type, font size, and spacing. You must include all of the sections found in the document and follow the due dates listed at the end of this document. Your grade for the individual coding portion of this Project will be based on the individual code grading scale at the end of this document. Please note which of the assignments are group submissions and which are individual submissions. For the individual submissions, you are expected to independently work on and submit the particular assignment. You are welcome to brainstorm with other students in the class, but please independently complete these assignments. Independently working on this project code will prepare you for quizzes and exams in this course. The first project in ENGR 102 this semester is to analyze a series of fabrication methods, in order to recommend one method for implementation. The analysis team will have the choice of three parts to analyze: an automotive bumper, the platform of a baby jumper, or a silverware tray for a dishwasher. Each of the potential parts has two fabrication methods with two possible materials that need to be evaluated for fabrication cost. There are several individual components to the project, namely conducting background research into their fabrication and material combination as well as creating the Matlab code needed to find the total cost of fabrication. These individual components are then combined in the group final report and presentation to determine which of the four studied parts is the best option for the company. The analysis team has the ability to set is own criteria for optimal method. ii Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 2 Background Research .............................................................................................................................. 2 3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Replacement Automotive Bumper .................................................................................................. 3 3.2 Replacement Baby Jumper Platform ............................................................................................... 5 3.3 Replacement Dishwasher Silverware Tray....................................................................................... 7 4 Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 5 Discussion.............................................................................................................................................. 10 6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 11 7 Recommendations/Future Work .......................................................................................................... 12 8 References............................................................................................................................................. 13 Appendix 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 14 iii 1 Introduction The first project of the semester is to analyze different ways to build the same replacement part and to recommend which method should be used. There are several possible parts to be considered by each group and one part should be selected for analysis. Please choose from the parts listed below: 1. Replacement Automotive Bumper o o Additive Manufacture  Steel  Aluminum Conventional Manufacture  Aluminum  Composite (fiberglass/carbon fiber) 2. Baby Jumper ‘Tray’ o o Additive Manufacture  Plastic  Metal Conventional Manufacture  Plastic (vacuum formed)  Wood (machined) 3. Dishwasher Silverware Tray o o Additive Manufacture  Plastic  Metal Conventional Manufacture  Plastic (injection molded)  Metal (machined/welded) **Note, traditionally, the number/bulleted list and a note like this do not appear in the introduction to the report** 1 2 Background Research As part of this project, each group member will research one of the fabrication methods/material combinations listed with your group’s selected part, such that all four are reviewed and each member is expected to be able to describe how the method is performed in at least one full page of the technical report and in one slide of the final presentation. Each of the background research sections will be submitted individually prior to the final due date of the project, and combined for the final report. Please do not forget to utilize resources such as the WVU Engineering Library and Engineering Librarians (if on-campus) or your local library, in addition to using the internet. Google Scholar is an excellent resource for finding journal articles and conference proceedings. It is expected that each member find at least 4 sources that are cited in their individual background portion, and at least two of these sources have to be from a journal article or conference proceedings. 2 3 Methodology The methodology portion of this report is subdivided into the respective parts in an attempt to make understanding each of the different parts’ analysis requirements easier. For all of the parts it is assumed that there is no existing tooling in the company and thus the estimated cost of tooling needs to be included in the manufacturing costs. In the manufacturing world, the term tooling represents all the jigs, molds, etc. that are needed in order to build the component(s) in the device. Looking into the cost determination of building a part and for this project, a Parametric Cost Estimate technique uses historical data and statistics to predict the cost. 3.1 Replacement Automotive Bumper For the replacement bumper for a car, there are several options in consideration for the material of the bumper, but the shape and size of the part is the same for all the materials as the same mount points are used no matter the material choice. The parameters to be factored in for the bumper problem are the raw material, tooling, consumables, and labor costs. To estimate the raw material costs, an estimate of the raw material used in the part is needed. To get a rough estimate for the bumper, consider it as an open rectangular box with a defined thickness, as illustrated in Figure 1. The volume, V, of this approximated shape can more easily be estimated based on the thickness of the material, t, and the dimensions of height, h, depth, d, and width, w, as listed in Equation 1. Once the volume of material is known, then the mass, m, can be found based on the material density, ρ. A standard bumper would have dimensions of 8 inches in height, 7 inches in depth, and 6 feet in width. Height Depth Width Figure 1. Illustration of the rectangular estimated shape of the automotive bumper. 𝑉𝑉= 8𝑡𝑡3 − (4ℎ + 4𝑤𝑤+ 4𝑑𝑑)𝑡𝑡2 + 2(𝑑𝑑ℎ + 𝑑𝑑𝑤𝑤+ ℎ𝑤𝑤)𝑡𝑡 𝑚𝑚 = 𝑉𝑉ρ Equation 1 Equation 2 3 Table 1. Cost of respective materials per metric ton of material Material Steel Aluminum Fiberglass Carbon Fiber Density (kg/m3) 8050 2800 1800 1600 Cost US$ per metric ton 500.00 1600.00 1800.00 10000.00 Tooling costs are also somewhat dependent on the material thickness in that the forms/molds need to be stronger to account for the higher pressure needed to form the materials. For this part analyze thicknesses ranging from 3 mm to 10 mm. But the tooling costs also vary by manufacturing method and material. Thus, the relationships shown in Equations 3 – 6 represent the four scenarios for the automotive bumper, with the thickness, t, is supplied in mm. Table 2. Tooling cost estimates for manufacture method and material options being considered. Manufacture Method Material Additive Steel Additive Aluminum Traditional Aluminum Traditional Fiberglass/Carbon Fiber Tooling Cost Relationship (per 1000 parts) Equation 3 Equation 4 Equation 5 Equation 6 The consumables to be considered for this part depend on the manufacturing method and material choice as well. For the additive manufacture methods, the consumable of “support” material that is utilized to hold up hollow features of the part and are the same for both material options. Historically, this material costs, on average, $2 for every cubic centimeter of printed volume of the part. Thus, the volume estimate from determining the mass can be re-used to find the consumable cost. However, traditional manufacturing methods have a higher consumable cost because of the safety aspects of the finishing process, such as dust masks, gloves, etc., in addition to the sandpaper, grinding wheels, etc. that are used as part of the process. It has been estimated that for this application, the consumables would be ~$15 per part built. Likewise, the labor costs are considerably different for the manufacturing methods, with the additive manufacturing method having the lower of the two labor costs. Based on preliminary manufacturing estimates, it will take a 24 hour print cycle for each part in the additive manufacturing methods, with one operator monitoring the machine, at a cost of $45 per hour. 4 As for the traditional manufacturing methods, material choice changing how much labor is required. For the aluminum part, the casting of the general shape takes 3 employees 2 hours to prep, and ½ hour to pour the molten aluminum. There is then a minimum of a 4 hour cooling period in which no employees are needed, followed by a 4 hour sanding and finishing process with 2 employees. The average hourly cost for these employees is $40 per hour. In contrast, the composite (fiberglass or carbon fiber) part requires a 4 hour, 4 employee prep session to build the layers of the composite and a minimum of an 8 hour baking cycle to cure the composite followed by a 2 employee, 3 hour process to remove the part from the mold and finish the part. 3.2 Replacement Baby Jumper Platform Creating a replacement platform in a baby jumper can be done in two possible manufacturing methods, with two possible materials in each method. In order to determine the fabrication cost of the platform, the volume of material used needs to be estimated. In additional to the raw material costs, the tooling cost, labor cost, and consumable costs need to be estimated to determine the most effective fabrication method. To find the part volume, the shape can be simplified to a hollow cylinder open on one end, as illustrated in Figure 2. Using the height of the cylinder, h, the inner and outer diameters, Di and Do respectively, and a uniform thickness, t, the volume can be estimated using Equation 7 and thus the mass, m, can be found based on the material density, ρ, as shown in Equation 8. Table 3 provides the density of the respective materials, as well as the cost of each material per metric ton. The standard baby jumper has a height of 1.5 inches, an outer diameter of 2 feet and an inner diameter 16 inches. Solid Top Hollow Center Di h Solid Outside and Inside Walls Open Bottom Do Figure 2. Pictorial representation of the baby jumper platform volume estimate shape. Equation 7 𝑚𝑚 = 𝑉𝑉ρ Equation 8 5 Table 3. Cost of respective materials per metric ton of material Material ABS Plastic (additive manufacture) Aluminum Polycarbonate Plastic (vacuum form) Wood (Teak) Density (kg/m3) 1050 Cost US$ per metric ton 600.00 2800 1190 1600.00 750.00 640 34000.00 Tooling costs are also somewhat dependent on the material thickness in that the forms/molds need to be stronger to account for the higher pressure needed to form the thicker materials as well as by the manufacture method and material used. Thus, the relationships shown in Equations 9 – 12 represent the four scenarios for the baby jumper platform, with the thickness t supplied in mm. For this part, the thickness should be studied from one millimeter to seven millimeters. Table 4. Tooling cost estimates for manufacture method and material options being considered. Manufacture Method Material Additive ABS Plastic Additive Aluminum Traditional Polycarbonate Plastic Traditional Teak Tooling Cost Relationship (per 1000 parts) Equation 9 Equation 10 Equation 11 Equation 12 The consumables to be considered for this part depend on the manufacturing method and material choice, as well. For the additive manufacture methods, the consumable is support material that is utilized to hold up hollow features of the part and are the same for both material options. These are historically, on average, $0.50 (plastic) and $2 (metal) for every cubic centimeter of printed volume of the part. Thus, the volume estimate from determining the mass can be re-used to find the consumable cost. However, traditional manufacturing methods have a higher consumable cost because of the safety aspects of the finishing process, such as dust masks, gloves, etc., in addition to the sandpaper, grinding wheels, etc. that are used as part of the finishing process. It has been estimated that for this application, the consumables would be ~$15 per plastic part built, and $35 for the finishing of the teak part. 6 Likewise, the labor costs are considerably different for the manufacturing methods, with the additive manufacturing method have the lower of the two labor costs. Based on preliminary manufacturing estimates, it will take a 13 hour print cycle for each part in the additive manufacturing methods, with one operator monitoring the machine at a cost of $45 per hour. As for the traditional manufacturing methods, material choice changes based on how much labor is required. For the plastic part, the forming of the general shape takes 2 employees 1 hour to prep, and ½ hour to set the plastic. There is then a minimum of a 2 hour cooling period in which no employees are needed, followed by a 3 hour trimming process with 2 employees. The average hourly cost for these employees is $40 per hour. In contrast, the teak part would require a one hour, one employee prep session to rough cut and attach it to the machining jig, and 8 hours machining to create the part. This would then need to be followed by a 2 employee, 3 hour process to finish and stain the part for sale. 3.3 Replacement Dishwasher Silverware Tray A replacement silverware tray for a dishwasher can be fabricated by either additive manufacturing or traditional manufacturing methods of injection molded plastic or bent and welded metal. In evaluating the fabrication costs for this device it is assumed that all methods of fabrication will use the same volume of material, which can be estimate using the ‘box’ approach, as outlined for the automotive bumper; however, for this situation it must be assumed that only half of the box surfaces are filled with actual material for the basket. For the basket in this analysis, the dimensions are a width of 9 inches, a depth of 4 inches, and a height of 4 inches. The thickness of the metal wire being considered, and thus assumed for all manufacturing techniques, range from 0.02 to 0.2 inches. Use this range of thicknesses for your analysis. After using Equation 1 to find the volume and Equation 2 to find the mass, the material cost can be estimated using Table 5. In addition, the tooling cost, consumable cost, and labor cost need to be considered. Table 5. Cost of respective materials per metric ton for the dishwasher tray Material ABS Plastic – Additive manufacture Acetal (POM) Plastic – Injection molded Stainless Steel – Both methods Density (kg/m3) 1050 1560 7900 Cost US$ per metric ton 600 950 2450 The tooling costs will factor in the machines and jigs that are needed to build the part, and vary depending on both the method of manufacturing and the material being used. In addition, the thickness of the part requires different strengths and forces, which also impact the tooling requirement for the part. 7 Table 6. Tooling cost estimates for manufacture method and material options being considered. Manufacture Method Material Additive ABS Plastic Additive Stainless Steel Traditional Acetal Plastic Traditional Stainless Steel Tooling Cost Relationship (per 1000 parts) Equation 13 Equation 14 Equation 15 Equation 16 Another cost issue with building the dishwasher tray is the consumables needed for the different fabrication methods, which also depend on the material type. In the additive manufacturing methods, support materials need to be used to help support the actual part features and can be averaged to get an estimate of $0.50 (plastic) or $2.38 (stainless steel) for each cubic centimeter of actual print material used. Thus, the volume estimate from determining the mass can be re-used to find the consumable cost. Traditional manufacturing methods have a higher consumable cost because of the safety aspects of the finishing process, such as dust masks, gloves, etc., in addition to the sandpaper, grinding wheels, etc. that are used as part of the finishing process. It has been estimated that for this application, the consumables would be ~$10.50 per plastic part built, and $12.75 for the finishing of the stainless steel part. Likewise, the labor costs are considerably different for the manufacturing methods, with the additive manufacturing method have the lower of the two labor costs. Based on preliminary manufacturing estimates, it will take a 7.5 hour print cycle for each part in the additive manufacturing methods, with one operator monitoring the machine at a cost of $45 per hour. As for the traditional manufacturing methods, material choice changes based on how much labor is required. For the Acetal plastic part, the forming of the general shape takes 2 employees 1 hour to prep, and ½ hour to inject the plastic into the mold. There is then a minimum of a 2 hour cooling period in which no employees are needed, followed by a 6.25 hour trimming process with one employee. The average hourly cost for these employees is $40 per hour. In contrast, the stainless steel part would require a 2.5 hour, one employee prep session to cut and attach the wires to the forming machine, and 3.5 hours for the machine to create the part. This would then need to be followed by a single employee, 3 hour process to finish and inspect the part for sale. 8 4 Results The results for this project are going to be the stating of the costs for the four different manufacturing method and material combinations of the part chosen by your group. This should include a graphical representation costs and how the thickness of the part impacts that cost. 9 5 Discussion For the discussion of the results, it is expected that each group recommend a sale price for the part, and determine the payback period for the equipment investment that is the constant term in the tooling cost formulas based on the profit per part. For this estimate assume that the parts are sold as fast as they can be built, and should be conducted for all four manufacturing scenarios. 10 6 Conclusion In addition to concluding which of the four options is the best for the company, provide a summary of additional capabilities that the equipment for the best method would provide the company. 11 7 Recommendations/Future Work The Recommendations section, sometimes referred to as the Future Work section, should contain a description of what the next step(s) are in the implementation of the results of this study. 12 8 References References should be listed according to MLA format and a minimum of 10 references should be used overall. 13 Appendix 1 Deliverables: Description Team Planning (Team Charter and Gantt Chart) Background Research for Report Project Code Powerpoint File Group/Individual Group Individual Individual Group Point Value 10 10 30 15 Presentation Group 10 Final Technical Report Group 25 Due Date May 23 May 24 May 31 June 2 June 3 or June 4 June 4 Individual Code Grading Scale: Grade Level A B C Performance Expectation • • • • • • • All of the "B" Level Create properly formatted graph of cost –vs- thickness Determine the percentage breakdown of each type of cost to make the part All of “C” Level Create a single variable that contains a table that includes all the different cost categories and the total cost Create thickness vector Calculate material costs, tooling costs, consumable costs, labor costs 14
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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

T_costs =
8�26 table
thickness
steel_raw_cost
steel_tool_cost
steel_cons_cost
steel_labor_cost
steel_total_cost
alum_raw_add_cost
alum_add_tool_cost
alum_add_cons_cost
alum_add_labor_cost
alum_add_total_cost
alum_trad_raw_cost
alum_trad_tool_cost
alum_trad_cons_cost
alum_trad_labor_cost
alum_trad_total_cost
fiber_raw_cost
fiber_tool_cost
fiber_cons_cost
fiber_labor_cost
fiber_total_cost
carbon_raw_cost
carbon_tool_cost
carbon_cons_cost
carbon_labor_cost
carbon_total_cost
_________
______________
_______________
_______________
________________
________________
_________________
__________________
__________________
___________________
___________________
__________________
___________________
___________________
____________________
____________________
______________
_______________
_______________
________________
________________
_______________
________________
________________
_________________
_________________
0.003

17.38
19.345
1117
1420
15
8.4634

9.6736
9.0669
19.345
1461.8
2800
15

8.6361

1080

0.004

23.032
25.636
1126.4
1420
15
13.986

10.098
9.287
25.636
1475.1
2800
15

11.445

1080

28.614
31.848
1135.6
1420
15
15
34.125
37.983
1144.8
1420
15
32.394

10.563
9.5804
31.848
1492.5
2800
2800
11.043
9.9063
37.983
1515.2
2800
15

14.218

39.567
44.04
1153.9
1420
15
45.812

11.532
10.249
44.04
1544
2800
15

19.66

44.938
50.018
1162.9
1420
15

12.024
10.601
50.018
1580.2
2800

22.33

1115.7
1080
15
8.4634
69.089
2884.1
1124.6
1080
15
13.986
91.557
2906.6

0.005

1133.4
1080
15
21.87
21.87

0.006

1142.1
1080
15
32.394
135.65
2950.7

0.007

1150.8
1080
15
45.812
157.28
2972.3
0.008

1159.3
1080
15
62.356

8.6361
7.4907
13.991
2829
2800

11.445
14.487
18.54
2833.5
2800
14.218
25.698
23.033

2838
2928.7
16.957
16.957
42.176
27.47
2842.5
2800

1080

113.74
1080

1080
19.66
64.975
31.85

2846.9
2800

2851.2

22.33
95.148
36.174

1080

178.64
2993.6

62.356

15

2800

0.009

50.24
55.92
1171.8
1420
15
82.242

12.519
10.96
55.92
1624.7
2800
15

24.964

1080

0.01

55.473
61.744
1180.6
1420
15
105.67

13.016
11.323
61.744
1678.6
2800
15

27.564

1080

1167.7
1080
15
82.242
199.71
3014.7
1176.1
1080
15
105.67
220.51
3035.5

24.964
133.75
40.442
2855.4
2800
27.564
181.83
44.654
2859.7
2800

T_perc =
8�26 table
thickness
steel_raw_cost
steel_tool_cost
steel_cons_cost
steel_labor_cost
steel_total_cost
alum_raw_add_cost
alum_add_tool_cost
alum_add_cons_cost
alum_add_labor_cost
alum_add_total_cost
alum_trad_raw_cost
alum_trad_tool_cost
alum_trad_cons_cost
alum_trad_labor_cost
alum_trad_total_cost
fiber_raw_cost
fiber_tool_cost
fiber_cons_cost
fiber_labor_cost
fiber_total_cost
carbon_raw_cost
carbon_tool_cost
carbon_cons_cost
carbon_labor_cost
carbon_total_cost
_________
______________
_______________
_______________
________________
________________
_________________
__________________
__________________
___________________
___________________
__________________
___________________
___________________
____________________
____________________
______________
_______________
_______________
________________
________________
_______________
________________
________________
_________________
_________________
0.003
96.801
0.77312
0.51242
0.49454
2.3955
100
0.004
96.036
1.0161
0.98211
0.65431
3.15
100
0.005
95.289
1.252
1.7217
0.81159
3.8837
100
0.006

1.5578
100
96.683
1.0261
0.29917
0.29345
2.0481
100
95.883
1.0169
0.4936
0.4812

0.86705
1.7318
0.53022
0.52009

100
97.138

0.89791
2.276

0.77406
0.81169
98.975
97.084

1.3233
100

100

1.0177
0.82451
100
96.263

0.52937
0.51607

1.7379
100

2.5246
100
95.1
1.005
0.7706
0.74673

0.93194
2.8044
0.52854
0.51216

2.9879

0.96692

98.816
96.334

100
95.139

1.2545
0.84361
2.1338
100
98.66
95.604
1.4847

100

100

94.561
1.4811
2.7836
0.96641
4.5974
100
0.007
93.851
1.7038
4.2082
1.1188
5.2917
100
0.008
93.16
1.9201
6.0214
1.2687
5.9672
100
0.009
92.488
2.1303
8.2324
1.4163
6.6246
100
0.01
91.833
2.3347
10.833
1.5615
7.2645
100
>>

100
94.336
0.99
1.1397
1.0979
3.4383
100
93.592
0.97149
1.6092
1.5413
3.8764
100
92.867
0.94927
2.187
2.083
4.3024
100
92.162
0.92326
2.8802
2.728
4.7169
100
91.477
0.89361
3.6953
3.4812

3.3177
0.52771
0.50836

100
93.72

1.0021
3.8164

0.86529
98.506
94.894

2.5069
100

100

1.7085
0.88817
100
91.968

0.5269
0.50466

2.8523
100
98.354
94.204

1.0372
4.301

100
89.864

0.5261
0.50106
1.0721
4.7719

1.9261
0.9116

100

98.205
93.532

3.1654
100

100

2.1378
0.93528
100
87.402

0.52531
0.49756

3.4419
100

1.1067
5.2297

98.058
92.878

0.52454
0.49415

100
84.595

100

2.3438
0.95903
97.914
92.241

3.6783
100

100


PRESENTATION TECHNICAL REPORT

PRESENTED BY:
Name
Institution
Instructor

1. INTRODUCTION
➢ Fabrication methods help in establishing precise system operation
➢ Processing influence helps in maintaining density
➢ The process can be enhanced by making some adjustments
➢ Material used determines the selected method
➢ This presentation details about fabrication methods based on the research

1. ABSTRACT
➢ Fabrication techniques are vital since the aid in the provision of accurate operations of the
system.
➢ The technical report discusses various ways of building replacement automotive bumpe...


Anonymous
Awesome! Perfect study aid.

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