Now that you have analyzed your data, you will need to interpret the output that you obtained from your data analysis. Specifically, you need to discuss what the data analysis findings mean in relation to your research questions and hypotheses, and what actions should be taken as a result. For this assignment, you must provide a narrative that discusses the key insights from your data analysis findings and highlights the limitations of your analysis. Limitations should pertain to weaknesses in your design and limits on your ability to make conclusions. For example, if you are not able to determine cause and effect, that would be a limitation. If your dataset is small, that would be another limitation. Length: 5-7 pages, not including title and reference pages References: Include a minimum of 5 scholarly resources. The completed assignment should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. The content should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards

Which of the following best describes the probability distribution shown below?positively skewednegatively skewednormally distributedcontinuous probability distributionWhich of the following histograms represents the data set given below?A.B.C.D.Which of the following could best be represented using a continuous probability distribution?The frequency for which different sized flat rate boxes are purchased at a post office.The frequency of temperatures throughout the day in Florida on April 25th.The frequency of different scores achieved on an Algebra test in a class of 30 students.The number of students who use the internet for at least one hour after school.Which of the following best describes the data given in the table below?positively skewednegatively skewednormally distributednone of the aboveIQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. What percentage of people have an IQ between 130 and 100?13.5%47.5%95%27%Which of the following best describes the probability distribution shown below?positively skewednegatively skewednormally distributedcontinuous probability distributionThe diagram below shows a normal distribution. 68% of the values fall within the shaded region, and x with bar on top is the mean. The scores in the shaded region range from 25 to 35. What is the mean of the values in the distribution?5103060The diagram below shows a normal distribution. 68% of the values fall within the shaded region, and is the mean. The scores in the shaded region range from 25 to 35. What is the standard deviation of the values in the distribution?5103060The number of home runs scored by teams in the Fayetteville baseball league are normally distributed and have a mean of 91 and a standard deviation of 12. What percentage of the teams have scored more than 115 home runs?2%13.5%15.5%98%The number of hours that college freshman spend studying each week is normally distributed with a mean of 8 hours and a standard deviation of 5.5 hours. What percentage of students spend between 2.5 and 19 hours studying each week?34%68%47.5%81.5%

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) (10 points) To complete this section, please review the articles on DAGs in the Week 5 Learning Resources. You may use any drawing tools available to you to create the DAGs requested below, although it does not need to be sophisticated software; for example, Microsoft Word’s Insert Shapes and Text Box features are sufficient tools to create these diagrams. For each of the following epidemiological scenarios, draw a DAG that represents the relationships between the variables: (5 points each) A researcher is studying the association between automobile exhaust (E) and the prevalence of asthma in children (A). Other air pollutants (P) may also affect asthma prevalence. The presence of wind (W) affects the concentrations of both (E) and (P). A researcher is studying the association between experiencing childhood abuse (A) and the occurrence of depression (D) as an adult. She has reason to believe that alcohol consumption (C) may mediate the relationship between (A) and (D).State in words the meaning of the hazard ratios for self-rated health in model 1. Be sure to include information on statistical significance. (5 points)State in words the meaning of the hazard ratios for self-rated health in model 3. Discuss whether or not breast cancer stage and daily task limitations were confounders of the self-rated health/mortality association. Justify your response and state your overall conclusions based on the analyses. (15 points)Fill in the table below for columns A and B. The table shows different associations where Factors X and Z are being measured for their effect on an outcome. For each effect measure there are shown three results: a result with Factor X only (X+Z-), a result with Factor Z only (X-Z+), and the Observed Joint Effect for both factors (X+Z+). In column A, indicate whether the interaction is positive or negative, and in column B, indicate whether the interaction is additive or multiplicative. If no interaction is present, put “None” in columns A and B. (10 points)Imagine that you are conducting a randomized controlled trial comparing two medicines (Medicine 1 and Medicine 2) in the prevention of asthma attacks. The following table shows some of the characteristics of the study population for each group: Assessing Confounding in Multivariate Regression (20 points) A researcher studied women with breast cancer to better understand the association between self-rated health and breast cancer mortality (Prehn, 1996). By using survival analysis, the following results were obtained from three different models: Assessing and Interpreting Effect Modification (15 points) Effect Measure Effect of Factor X (X+ Z-) Effect of Factor Z (X- Z+) Observed Joint Effect (X+Z+) A Positive or negative? B Additive or multiplicative? Attributable Risk 20.0 / 1000 15.0 / 1000 60.0 / 1000 Positive Relative Risk 3.0 2.0 4.0 Relative Risk 2.0 3.0 6.0 Medicine 1 Group (n=100) Medicine 2 Group (n=100) Cigarette smoker Yes 30 10 No 70 90 Physically active Yes 35 35 No 65 65 Discuss how you would determine if there is confounding and/or effect modification by cigarette smoking or physical activity in your study. Include details of any strategies you would use and provide specific examples using these study data. (5 points) Reference: Prehn, A. W. (1996). Self-rated health in middle-aged and elderly women with breast cancer (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Dissertation Abstracts International.