Film Media Industry Analysis

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Total word count: 700, need choose two mass media from the attached file, and use two citation from the attached files.

Writing instruction:

  • Compare and contrast issues of consolidation/conglomerates in two mass media industries to the best of your ability. What are the similarities and differences between the two industries in contemporary society, particularly in terms of ownership? How did history, organization and economics affect this consolidation/conglomeration?
    • Use examples from the class and Media Essentials to construct your answer. Do not come up with your own example.
    • Answers should not exceed 700 words. There is no minimum.

For those struggling with what exactly I mean by the prompt above, use the following questions as the guide for your essay for each media industry (examples: Music Industry, Internet Industry or Book Industry).

1. What are the major companies/organizations that "control" the particular media industry?

2. How do these companies make money?

3. How does the history of the media industry impact or shape its economic models and/or the companies that are now controlling it?

4. Are the major companies/organizations that "control" the industry an oligopoly or not? Why?

5. What are the differences and similarities in terms of economics, the companies, or the way money is made between the two different industries?

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Reading into the Book Class 5: Books and the Power of Print OUR OLDEST MASS MEDIUM “Books—the oldest mass medium—survive because they originate some of the biggest ideas and stories that resonate through other mass media.” OUR OLDEST MASS MEDIUM 1950 | new books 2010 |new books 11,000 315,000 What are books role in society? ROLE IN SOCIETY: Primary repository of knowledge • • • • Stories Experiences Wisdom History ROLE IN SOCIETY: Fueled major historical developments • Revolutions + Rise and spread of democracy. Abolition of slavery 1845 Independence from Britain 1776 Democracy in Taiwan 1985 Materialist philosophy critique 1867 Chemical use in agriculture 1962 ROLE IN SOCIETY: Fueled major historical developments ● New art forms (poetry, fiction) ● Spread of religions + literacy Name and define one “type” of contemporary book being published. OR Name and define one “editor” involved in publishing ECONOMICS OF BOOK PUBLISHING: WHO OWNS WHAT? ● 5 Penguin Random House (jointly owned by Bertelsmann and Pearson since 2013) ● largest publishers. ● ● With ties to international media conglomerates. Simon & Schuster (CBS) Hachette Book Group (Lagardère, based in France) HarperCollins (News Corp., owners of 21st Century Fox) ● Macmillan (Holtzbrinck) ECONOMICS OF BOOK PUBLISHING: WHO OWNS WHAT? 5 largest publishers. With ties to international media conglomerates. ECONOMICS OF BOOK PUBLISHING: WHO OWNS WHAT? 5 #1. Penguin Random House large publishers. With ties to international media conglomerates. ECONOMICS OF BOOK PUBLISHING: WHO OWNS WHAT? 5 #2. Simon & Schuster large publishers. With ties to international media conglomerates. ECONOMICS OF BOOK PUBLISHING: WHO OWNS WHAT? 5 #3. Hachette Book Group large publishers. With ties to international media conglomerates. ECONOMICS OF BOOK PUBLISHING: WHO OWNS WHAT? 5 #4. HarperCollins large publishers. With ties to international media conglomerates. ECONOMICS OF BOOK PUBLISHING: WHO OWNS WHAT? 5 #5. Macmillan large publishers. With ties to international media conglomerates. Why does this matter? Why this matters beyond effects on democracy ● ● ● Eliminates “distinctive style” of older houses. Able to control production costs. Huge marketing budgets allow them to out-promote independent publishers. STRUCTURE OF THE PUBLISHING: WHO DOES WHAT? ● Acquisitions Editor ○ ○ ● Developmental Editor ○ ○ ● Fixes problems in writing or length Design Manager ○ ● Handles feedback to author Coordinates outside judges of the work Copy Editor ○ ● Identifies talent Handles subsidiary rights Determines layout and cover design Marketing and Promotion BOOK TYPES ● ● Trade books: Aimed at general readers ○ Fiction and nonfiction ○ Other popular writing, self-help books, etc. ○ Adult and juvenile divisions Professional books: Target occupational groups ○ Law ○ Business ○ Medicine ○ Technical-scientific BOOK TYPES ● Textbooks: Intent to improve literacy rates/education ○ ○ ○ ● Mass market paperbacks ○ ○ ○ ● Elementary-high school (el-high) Vocational College Smaller & cheaper than trade books Sold ‘everywhere’ Dime novels in the 1870s. Instant books ○ Topical books published quickly after an event occurs BOOK TYPES (cont.) ● ● ● Religious titles Reference books ○ Encyclopedias ○ Dictionaries ○ Atlases ○ Almanacs University press titles ○ Scholarly works ○ Specialized areas CONVERGENCE? How? Electronic and Digital Publishing Discussion (5 Minutes) With a partner: 1. 2. 3. 4. What is the last media you consumed (TV, Movie, etc.) that was based on a book? Who published the original book? a. Did the publisher have any connection to the other media type? What type of book was it? Why do you think the book was made into the TV show, movie, etc. How are different media and media professions (e.g., radio, TV, advertising, public relations) associated with books? ● Relationships beyond Convergence Relationships beyond convergence… ● ● ● TV, radio, internet help promote books. Books are source of ideas for many TV shows and films. Ad, PR, marketing promotes books. Some History Proto-Writing - - - Stems from painting in early neolithic man Generally assumed to be associated with move to agrarian society This goes back about 9,000 years with early forms of counters. Even by 6,000 BCE, you have symbols on shells that are essentially ideographic Egyptian Writing - - - - Earliest writing was done on stone. What was the necessary technology for Egyptian Writing according to Innis? Papyrus Earliest findings go back to around 2700 BCE Writing in hieratic characters Who ends up using writing on papyrus? Civil Service Writing first and foremost used to measure time and predict dates of floods Phoenecian Writing - Derived from Hieroglyphs Inspires Hebrew, Arabic and the Greek Alphabet Defined by the use of sound signs or phonograms 22 Characters. Understood as consonants with syllables. Needed arrangement to understand HISTORY: from papyrus to paperback 1. Ancient Times ● Papyrus. ○ ○ ● Parchment ○ ○ ● Plant reeds used for writing Used in Egypt as circa 2400 B.C.E Treated animal skin Gradually replaced papyrus Codex ○ ○ ○ First protomodern book Sheets of parchment sewn together First used by the Romans in the 4th century HISTORY (continued) 2. Entrepreneurial Stage ● Manuscript Culture: Medieval Times ○ ● Block printing invented in China, circa 300 C.E. ○ ○ ● Advances in written language and book design ■ Illuminated manuscripts first seen ■ Grammar rules developed Made mechanical production of book possible Diamond Sutra oldest dated block-printed book Chinese invent movable type, 1000 C.E. ○ Major improvement in speed Before the Printing Press - - - Early printing comes from Asia. Western printing exists before the “printing press” in the form of screw presses. Aside from the printing press, scribes made copies of texts. Early scribe material is vellum Occurred in scriptoria Early writing material is vellum On being a copyist: “...it is a most meritorious work, more beneficial to the health than working in the fields, which profits only a man’s body, while the labor of the copyist profits the soul....” The Christian Church had a monopoly on literacy; they preserved not only philosophical and religious works, but secular ones as well. https://www.history.com/shows/mankind-thestory-of-all-of-us/videos/the-printing-press From the Video 1. 2. 3. What was the problem with writing before Gutenberg’s Press a. In the hands of elites What was the true achievement of the press? a. Ushering in an era of manufacturing (standardization) What was the effect on the European populace? a. Flourishing of ideas and curiosity HISTORY (contd.) 3. Books become mass media ● Gutenberg invents the printing press, 1453 First modern books produced Printing press spreads across Europe Literacy increases Knowledge spreads Traditions challenged Rise of democratic society ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Movable Type Johannes Gutenberg (perhaps) Resume Born: Mainz, Germany, circa 1395-8 Died: Feb. 3, 1468 (aged 70) 1445: Partnered with lawyer Johann Fust, who supplied Gutenberg with funding 1455: Published Gutenberg Bible (or 42-line Bible); 180 copies were printed. Before completion, Fust demanded his money back. Gutenberg, broke, was unable to pay. Court awarded Fust their print shop and printing materials. Legacy: Gutenberg’s invention of mechanical movable type started the Printing Revolution, which spread learning to the masses. One press run could publish 70 to 270 copies. More book at cheaper rates meant that prices fell, and reading spread! Gutenberg bible was the first “bestseller” in history Martin Luther leads Protestant Revolt vs. Roman Catholic Church Martin Luther, 1517 95 Theses Among others, the Theses denounced the selling of indulgences, or releases from your sins. The Word of the Bible Spreads • Cheap copies and translation into Hebrew and Greek from Latin provided the foundation for a common language. • King James Version of the Bible in 1611 contained a prose style (natural & grammatical vs. rhythmic as in poetry). • Read by millions, became a basis for religious beliefs, American culture, ethics, politics, morals and social conscience. HISTORY (contd.) 4. Books become mass media ● Publishing industry develops, 1800s ○ ○ First American book, Bay of Psalms, 1640 by Stephen Daye Paperbacks, mid-1800s ■ ○ Offset Printing (lithography), early 1900s ■ ● Led to dime novels, pulp fiction Reduces cost, speeds production, satisfied growing demands Publishing Industry declines in early 1900s ○ ○ Depression World wars Censorship Index of Prohibited Books 1954, Catholic Church, responded to common people having access to the Bible & Protestant works that challenged their doctrines. Index prohibited pornography, books on magic and demonology, and certain political works. It was updated every 50 years. Now, most have access to information—via free libraries, the Internet, etc... Pamphlet – Intro to the Sensational Visual (bias) Dramatic 4-pg. publication on a single news event CENSORSHIP AND BANNING Books cannot be BANNED or ‘CENSORED’ in the U.S. But a book removal is possible if enough people file a “challenge.” CENSORSHIP AND BANNING ● ● ● Book challenge — a formal complaint about objectionable subject matter. Often to “protect children in the name of community values.” Reasons for attempting to remove books from schools and libraries: ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ sexually explicit passages occult themes violence ‘homosexual’ themes racism Censorship (cont’d) Framing Persepolis ● ● ● ● ● ● Persepolis is written by Marjane Satrapi and released in English in 2003. It appeared on best book lists that year in The New York Times and Time magazine among others In 2007 it was made into a movie (Satrapi was involved). That film won the Cannes Film Jury Prize. Starting in 2013 the book was challenged in Chicago Public Schools due to “graphic language and images that are not appropriate for general use.” Since, it has appeared in the American Library Association’s Top Ten List of Frequently Challenged Books. Further districts have banned it for similar reasons. Framing Persepolis ● ● ● ● With a neighbor answer the following: Think through where you could find media frames. (Make a list). With each item on your list state some things you would look for to identify frames (ex: from previous slide)You may use your phone to do a brief analysis of how the issue is framed from this article in The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/2013/3/25/4144958/chica go-public-schools-bans-persepolis-graphic-novel-fromschools (or find an article of your own) What is missing from this frame? Hollywood and Beyond Your Questions (Part 1) Movies, History and Culture Predecessors to Film Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat (1896) Exiting the Factory (1895) The Lumiere Brothers The Kinetoscope Early Film Consumption The Nickelodeon Silent Films By the middle of the 1910s most filmmakers move to Southern California. Why? Prewar Hollywood (The Golden Age of Hollywood) The Studio System US v Paramount Pictures (1948) ◻ ◻ ◻ ⬜ Hollywood Ten Imprisoned (Cold War) ◻ ◻ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ Moving to the Suburbs (50s - 60s) ◻ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ As TV Challenged Hollywood ◻ ◻ Movies feature more serious content that television stayed away from at the time. ⬜ Alcoholism: The Lost Weekend ⬜ Sexuality: Peyton Place, Lolita ⬜ Motion Picture Production Code (MPPA) launches ratings system Movies develop new technologies ⬜ Technicolor, stereophonic sound, Cinerama, CinemaScope, VistaVision, etc. Final Thoughts on Hollywood History The Film Industry The way films are made (sort of) Theater Directors Writer Producer Actors Technical Control all of these? Vertical Integration Distributors Theater Theater Production, Distribution and Exhibition Today ◻ ◻ Development of megaplexes in the 1990s ◻ IMAX screens and digital projectors in the 2000s ◻ Screen non-movie events ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ■ ⬜ ⬜ Live sports, concerts, etc. Most Popular Filming Locations? Source: Most Popular Movie Genres? Source: The big Major Players 86% commercial film revenue |6 ◻ Warner Brothers ◻ Paramount Pictures ◻ 20th Century Fox ◻ Universal ◻ Columbia Pictures ◻ Disney Diversification in the 1980s: heavy promotion + synergy + flood of corporate mergers “(W)e currently find ourselves enmeshed and implicated in an immense media economy characterized by consolidation of power and corporate ownership in just a few hands. This phenomenon, combined with the advent of the Internet, has made our modern media world markedly distinct from that of earlier generations—at least in economic terms.” Your Questions (Part 2) How did the MCU come into being? How did the MCU come into being? Media Industries How we got here… From Industrial to Information Society THE STRUCTURE OF THE MEDIA INDUSTRY More consumer choice Less consumer choice More competitive More concentrated Perfect Competition Limited Competition Oligopoly Monopoly 1. Monopoly ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ 2. Oligopoly ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ 2. Oligopoly 3. Limited competition ● ● ● ● ● What are the implications? ○ ○ ● ● ● Democracy? Free market? What are the remedies? Government role? Citizens’ role? Question: We discussed 4 structures of media industries. Which one do you think Hollywood is? Why? It would make me happy for you to use MCU in your example. The Age of Hegemony ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● Going Global: Cultural Imperialism Going Global: Cultural Imperialism ◻ ⬜ Western media as cultural exports… ⬜ ◻ ◻ Defenders say it… Cultural Imperialism: Some Questions ● ● David doesn’t always slay Goliath. ● Breaking Hollywood’s Hegemony Alternatives to Hollywood ◻ ⬜ ◻ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ◻ ⬜ ⬜ • More than 50% of domestic revenue for Hollywood studios comes from video/DVD rentals • DVD sales declining • Blu-ray has not helped improve video store sales. • Internet streaming is the future (and present). • 2012: first year digital outpaced physical DVDs • Hollywood partners with streaming services (Netflix, Hulu, Amazon) Let’s Talk about Radio Midterm Insights What is one success you have had in the course so far: ◍ ◍ ◍ ◍ ◍ “so far in this course, I believe I have been most successful in actually learning the content and more about media all around us. even though I didn't do the best on my digital detox assignment, I feel that I found a great amount of success out of it.” Being critical of media Learning the content (the history and power of media) Lectures are connected to the readings and the assignments Media Use Journal/Digital Detoxes Happy with grades so far “I have really liked how lecture ties into our out of class assignments such as the papers we write.” “Learning more about media framing and media literacy!” 3 What is one thing you have struggled with in the course so far? ◍ ◍ ◍ ◍ “I have struggled with time management. This course comes fairly easy to me but planning out my time on when to start essays have been difficult” No struggles Time management/information overload (general student issues) Remembering the history of media/the different approaches to media analysis Identifying what is important to learn “Keeping organized of what is useful from the slides since there is a lot of information on the slides, but not all of it is needed for quizzes or essays.” “One thing I have struggled with is knowing what is important. It often feels like an information overload with the lecture and the readings. It is hard to distinguish what concepts are most important.” 4 What is one thing you would like to change in the past assignments, quizzes, and tests? “I wish there was more time for the questions for each class because i have wifi issues which makes it hard for me” ◍ Quizzes, such as: ◌ weighted more, longer time period, less of them, no time limit, consistency with what is in the quizzes and what is covered ◍ Nothing so far ◍ Have all assignments open at the start of the semester “I don't see any need to change.” “A friend and I noticed the last quiz had a question that was not the book and we didn't get to in got a point off for that. I like of the class otherwise.” weekly covered in class so I the set up “I want do some quizzes.” “I would like to change all of my lower grades to higher ones.” 5 What is one thing you would like to change in class lectures? ◍ ◍ ◍ ◍ “I really enjoy the lectures, I feel they are very informative and helpful. I would not change them.” Lectures are great! More group exercises or interactivity Slow down More visuals/videos “I think that the group/partner exercises are very helpful and that we should do more of them. It helps me understand what we're being taught and shows me how and why it applies to real life.” “I wish the lectures were a little slower and more in depth on certain topics just because some students, including myself, may not be journalism majors” 6 Name one media-related topic you would like to see covered in the rest of the term: “I would love to see more of how media affects people in terms of mentality” ◍ ◍ ◍ ◍ Media effects Video games International media Social media (specific platforms too) ◍ Film history/production and Television ◍ Copyright/media law “I'm really interested to learn about phones and social media and how they are hijacking our brains!! Love that stuff.” “I really want to hear about online gaming and how it relates to society because it definitely was huge for a lot of people our age.” “I would love to talk more movies and tv shows impact everyday realities or ways think that would be really 7 about how society’s of thinking. I interesting:).” Immediate Changes 1. Shorten Lecture Slides (max at 30, most at 20). 2. Identify at the beginning of every lecture key terms. 3. Quiz time extended to 30 minutes each week. Extended time for both tests as well. 4. At least one activity and/or increased visuals each class. 5. All assignments up on Canvas by this SUNDAY 6. Slides will also include important reading pages. 8 “ And now for one “midterm” evaluation of the class from my end. 9 What are the unique features of Radio as a medium? Radio: What You Need to Know Part 1: The Technology Technologies Leading to Radio ● ● ● Telegraph: precursor to radio ○ Developed in 1840s Samuel Morse & the Morse code ○ Developed a system for sending electrical impulse: transmitter à cable à receiver ○ First telegraph line: linked Baltimore, DC, & Maryland. ○ First transatlantic cable: from Newfoundland to Ireland. ○ Limitations of telegraph? ¨“Telegraph without wires:” Radio waves ○ Theory by Scottish physicist James Maxwell ○ Tested by German physicists Heinrich Hertz. ○ Popov, Tesla work on similar inventions. Key Inventors ● ○ ■ ■ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ Part 2: Move to Mass Medium Key: Radio becomes a shared resource for public good. Radio Regulated for a Public Good ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ What Happened with the Titanic? Part 3: American Networks and The Golden Age of Radio The Networks ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ Regulators Respond ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ The Golden Age of Radio: 1920s-1940s ● ○ ○ ● ○ Golden Age of Radio: War of the Worlds Part 4: Contemporary Radio Today’s Question: Name one of the popular radio format specializations we spoke about in class. Do you think it's still important? Why? Evolutions to Contemporary Radio ● ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ Format Specializations ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ Convergence: Radio Goes Digital • • • • • • • • • Traditional Economics ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ Contemporary Economics Contemporary “Radio” Differences What are Podcasts “Important” Pages for Next Class Activity: War of the Worlds Redux Activity: War of the Worlds Redux Some Extra Slides Popular Shows During the Golden Age of Radio st Amos n’ Andy - 1 popular show On radio 1928 – 1960 On TV 1951- 1953, Withdrawn 1966 Lowbrow, stereotyped humor, offensive to African Americans. Less controversial at the time than the present. Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll, two white actors, gave humorous portrayals of African Americans around a barber shop and taxi service. The show was stereotyped and offensive by modern standards. ● ● ● ● ● Comic strip NY Daily News 1924 “Gee whiskers” “Leapin' lizards!” Ovaltine sponsors wrote radio scripts and shunned comic strip’s original political messages Sidekick: Punjab On Air 1931 – 1942 NBC Blue network Lone Ranger ● On Air 1933 – 1956 NBC ● “Hi-ho Silver, Away” tagline was invented moments from first airtime Kimo-Sabe means Faithful Scout Bruce Beemer played the Lone Ranger on radio in the 1940s and 50s On Air 1937 – 1940s CBS ● Radio debut in 1930 as narrator for Detective Story Hour ● Comics followed ● Shadow program 1937 ● Orson Welles narrated 1937-38 ● Batman was a take-off NBC Chase & Sanborn Hour ● NBC’s main Sunday night program ● Starred Charlie McCarthy & Edgar Bergen ● Also: ◦ Eddie Cantor ◦ Jimmie Durante ◦ Dorothy Lamour ◦ Bob Hope ◦ Nelson Eddy ◦ Don Ameche ◦ Mae West (banned in 1938) Mae West in the Garden of Eden With “If trouble is something that makes your blood run like seltzer water, mmh, Adam, give me trouble… “ Big trouble from the FCC, Dec. 12, 1937 Radio, News and Propaganda FDR’s Fireside Chats 1933 – 1944 30 informal talks Started as NY governor 1929 Term coined by CBS exec, not Roosevelt, but he adopted it. Edward R. Murrow, William Shirer CBS “director of talks” Covered London as war broke out Shirer based in Berlin Father Charles Coughlin “Hate speech” on the radio Weekly broadcasts 1926 – 1940 16 million listeners in mid-1930s Anti-communist, antisemitic, isolationist, conspiracy theorist Openly sympathetic to Hitler Direct paraphrasing Nazi propaganda Secretly took $ from Nazis NBC, CBS refused to run program after Kristalnacht comment in 1938: "Jewish persecution only followed after Christians first were persecuted.”
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RUNNING HEAD: MASS MEDIA ANALYSIS

Mass media analysis

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MASS MEDIA ANALYSIS

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Mass media is a tool that has greatly influenced modern American culture. Societies and
communities are bombarded by constant information from mass media sources such as
magazines, Televisions, billboards and the internet. In this case, books and film industries have
taken over the mass media industry by storm over the centuries based on their coverage on the
number of people they could reach. The information that is spread using these media channels
could be focused on the general population or specific target of people according to age or
preference.
The film media industry as part of the mass media industries is controlled by major
companies such as Weinstein company (2.6%), Lions gate (5.9%), Sony(Columbia and Classic)
(8.9%), Time Warner (16.8%), Disney (19.8%) and NBC universal (22.3%)(Class 11). These
examples of conglomerates prove to have a lot of money which they are always willing to invest
in film production. They practice synergy by involving their marketing strategies too with other
small subsidiar...


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Just what I was looking for! Super helpful.

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