Africa The Cradle of Humanity Essay

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Instructions: Please choose threeof these essay/ short answer questions. Be sure to answer in your own the questions in your own words. Use the textbook and powerpoint presentations for your answers; avoid internet searches.Be sure to use your own words in writing the essays; do not copy and paste from the textbook or other sources. Plagiarism will result in a failing grade for the assignment. Note: Please be as detailed as possible but do not worry about length; I am assessing the essays on their quality, not length. NO REQUIREMENTS REGARDING LENGTH

Be sure that your answer addresses each part of the essay question.

Essay Questions:

1) Describe the ordeal of enslavement from point of capture to life in the Americas (This is to include a description of capture and the middle passage).

2) Compare and contrastslavery in the Southern colonies to slavery in the Northern colonies (You can use The Chesapeake Colonies and New England Colonies as an examples). Note: You can create a list or chart in lieu of an essay.

4) From Chapter 1,please briefly explainwhat economic activity/ trade made Ghana, Mali, and Songhay great empires. Whatwere the chief items of trade.

5) Whydid Europeans start purchasing slaves from West African Kingdoms and whatwere two items traded for slaves?


PC: I have copied all the requirement as the my professor hand it

THANK YOU FOR HELPING.

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Africa: The Beginning The Cradle of Humanity Birthplace of Humanity • The earliest remains of hominids found in East Africa • 2nd Earliest Known Civilization – Egypt – Rivers and Civilization – Civitas = City – Were they “Black?” Egypt and the Fertile Crescent Kush Kingdoms of Gold: Early Kingdoms of West Africa • Ancient Ghana – Soninke Empire – 4th Century C.E. – 1087 C.E. – Controlled trade routes – Strong Military • Mali – Mandinka Empire – 1230 – 1468 – Rose over the ashes of Ghana – Became an Islamic State (Why?) – Timbuktu – Famous city and academic center – Great Rulers: Sundiata and Mansa Musa • Songhai (1461 – 1591) – Nation-State that seceded from the Mali Empire – Largest of the three Empires of Gold – Like Mali it was Islamic – See The Great Mosque at Jenne (14th Century) Ghana and Mali Items Traded Along the TransSaharan Routes (West – North) • West Africans Traded – – – – – Gold Ivory Pepper Skins/ Hides Slaves • Berbers, North Africans and Europeans Traded – – – – Salt (Why?) Silk Cotton Horses (Warfare) Traders, Merchants, Customers Prior to the Atlantic Slave Trade • West African Merchants and Producers • Berbers – Who are they? • North African Merchants – What does this group trade? • Europeans – During this time period, what commodity does this group want the most? Trade Routes West-Central African Kingdoms • Kingdom of The Kongo – Trading kingdom known for its textiles and metal work (iron, copper, and gold) – Established political and commercial diplomatic ties with Portugal • King of the Kongo adopted Christianity. Why? • What was the result of those ties to Portugal? • Angola (13th Century to 16th Century) – Iron Regular Folk • Note: West Africa was very diverse – different ethnic groups and languages • Occupations – Farming (Primary) – Herding – Fishing – Merchant • Families and Lifestyles – Lived in villages w/ Clan Group – Compounds and homes – Marriage • Patrilineal v. Matrilineal • Religion – Indigenous • • • Ancestral Worship Animism Polytheism – Islam (Spread Along the Trade Routes) • Slavery – POW’s Debtors – Criminals
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Name
Lecturer’s Name
Course
Date
Ordeal of Slavery; From Capture to Life in Americas
Slavery was a vice that affected African citizens across most African countries. Africans
went through hell starting from where they are captured, going through to their life in the foreign
countries where they were enslaved, up to their demise. Slavery was just like any barter trade
business in most African countries. Europeans bought their slaves from local Africans and other
Europeans in the business of the slave trade. The slaves were captured during battles, through
kidnapping and as a result of a debt owed. Others were simply captured as a punishment.
After being captured, the slaves were marched towards the Coast where they had to
endure long journeys while in shackles. They would find it difficult to walk as they were mostly
shackled to one another. Along the journey, they were not allowed to take r...

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