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1) Latin American
The Latin American independence battles, which were known as the revolutions,
occurred from the time the 18th century was ending to the beginning of the 19th century. Several
reasons or causes brought about those revolutions, and one of the originators was that the Creoles
felt disrespected. By the time the 18th century was ending, the Spanish community had a
booming Creole’s class (Donghi, & de Bunsen, 1973). However, Spain often delegated the
native-born Spaniards individuals to essential posts in the pioneering or colonial authority which
annoyed the creoles. The second cause was due to Spain getting weak after the death of their
efficient leader named Charles III in the year 1788. His incompetent son, Charles IV, took over
resulting to Spain not being able to dominate the colonies.
The other cause was that the American, as well as the drastic French actions, expanded
the moral beliefs of civilization all over the globe, which inspired the demonstrators from the
various places. Also, the French community’s slaves in Haiti rebelled massively making use of
the French revolt chaos to dominate and also arrange their very own liberated nation. It
additionally stimulated underclass individuals all over America. Another cause was that
Napoleon attacked Spain and repossessed its ruler with a member of his family.
In the Spain community, the high-class individuals throughout the region claimed being
the leaders while the king was absent, bringing about "juntas" that acted in the king's interests.
The juntas created a ground for the incendiaries to earn power and even support. In the year 1810
to the year 1820, the factions departed from Spain completely, which ignited bloody battles
between followers and the demonstrators beyond America.

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The various impacts brought about by the revolutions were that the damaging battles
weakened the developing nations economically. Also, there was the complete abolishment of
slavery in every country by the year 1860 (Debray, 2017). However, the United States, Brazil, as
well as Cuba, were an exception. Another impact is that the numerous contending classes and
also public pressure brought about a political imbalance in a majority of the Latin American
nations for an extended period. There was also the impact of military dictatorship, which took
charge for a lengthy period.

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References

Debray, R. (2017). Revolution in the revolution?: armed struggle and political struggle in Latin
America. Verso Books.
Donghi, T. H., & de Bunsen, J. (1973). The aftermath of revolution in Latin America. Harper &
Row.

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2) Mexico Sovereignty
After Mexico was liberated from Spain’s dictatorship, their freedom created a new war
ground for supremacy. Spain did not accept the fact that Mexico was a liberal nation from their
claws and since they inhabited the San Juan de Ulloa, which was an old military post situated at
the Veracruz port, Spain attempted to invade the port town but was unsuccessful. In the entire
19th century, Mexico feared the staged invasions from Cuba as the Spanish community retained
the island until the year 1898 (Stevens, 1994). Mexico also encountered more significant issues
in their northern region. At the time of the colonial period in history, Spain knew that their new
north area was a buffer ground between the intruding Europeans power and also Spain's priceless
possessions in the central scope of Mexico to its south. However, Spain’s efforts in establishing
their occupancy failed.
After the Mexican's liberation, the United States was also a significant threat, and Mexico
was afraid of their enlargement inside Texas since they had been extending westward from the
beginning of the 1800s and began with Louisiana Purchase. French was also another massive
threat to Mexico; for instance; Mexico managed to push away the French attackers where
Mexico beat them in the known Pastry War which occurred in the year 1838. The war was due to
the compensation claims made by French as their properties were destroyed at the time of unrest
and even attacks in liberated Mexico (Weiner, 2000). The Mexican administration did not
comply after Louis, the king of the French nation, demanded compensation, and this resulted in a
war which Santa Anna reached in time to assist Mexico.
The United States privateers also arranged fruitless obstructions. Also, since Mexico did
not have adequate funds to pay off foreign arrears, the France, Britain, and even Spain's troops

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inhabited Veracruz at the end of the year 1861 intending to force Mexico to repay the debts.
Britain and Spain retreated, but the French attacked, and their invasion was also not fruitful. All
these were the various threats that the liberated Mexican nation faced, although it managed to
overcome them.

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References

Stevens, D. F. (1994). Autonomists, nativists, republicans, and monarchists: conspiracy and
political history in nineteenth-century Mexico.
Weiner, R. (2000). Battle for survival: Porfirian views of the international marketplace. Journal
of Latin American Studies, 32(3), 645-670.

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3) Slavery Abolition
The abolishment of slaves, together with the movement for the rights of women were two
public movements whose main goal was to bring slavery to an end and also secure unbiased
women's privileges (NA, 2016). The two actions occurred at the beginning of the 19th century.
The slavery abolishment movement evolved from calm inceptions after the occurrence of the
American rebellion to a community battle, and efficiently abolished slavery at the same time
incredibly destroying the campaign of the privileges of women. Using the ballot or poll and even
the bullet along with the appeal to succeed in the legal, governmental, and also military
community war competition, the activists fated the enslavement with 1865 13th Amendment's
passage. The women's approach to pursuing their privileges was much calmer, although they
experienced lengthy delays. In the year 1920 was when the women also added polls to their
political appliances.
The women’s privileges movement was an offshoot of the abolishment, and a majority of
the individuals highly backed up the two reforms. A few of those that took part in the early or
First Women's Justice or Rights Convention which occurred at the Seneca Falls in the year 1848
had previously worked for the slavery abolishment movement. The two campaigns advanced the
growth of the United States assurance of freedom and even equality to both the black Americans
and the women (Midgley, 2004). The profound abolitionists as well as the women’s privileges
advocates commonly called the “Garrisonian” stayed in the known American Anti-Slavery
Society.
The verbal fights for women’s privileges came from the occurrences of the movement
against slavery. Women were not permitted to address a promiscuous crowd that consisted of

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males and females. However, two ladies named Angelina and also Sarah Grimke from the state
of South Carolina played the role of speakers in the movement against slavery, and they were
both efficient. Generally, the participants of the campaign against slavery advocated for the
women's justice and vice versa. Both the groups were facing discriminative challenges which
they were not comfortable about and compelled them to react thus both movements.

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References

Midgley, C. (2004). Women against slavery: the British campaigns, 1780-1870. Routledge.
NA, N. (2016). Women's Rights Emerges within the Anti-Slavery Movement, 1830-1870: A Brief
History with Documents. Springer.

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4) Nationalism
Nationalism is the belief or culture which stresses loyalty, commitment, or devotion to a
country and has in mind that those kinds of responsibilities override the rest of the individual or
even a group’s interests (Ziblatt, 2006). Nationalism turned out to be vital physical energy for
independence and joining people together in Europe during the 1800s. Nationalism fed the wants
of various groups that desired to be liberated from leaders. Italy was united while under the
ruling of Napoleon, but Vienna brought about divisions in the nation. Italians much longed to
redeem themselves from the external command and return to its earlier state.
Through the treaties that were signed during the Cavour's leadership, Italy acquired
economic development and backup, which in return brought about the increment of imports and
also export. Also, due to the economic transformations, the coun...